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jOSfePH RUZtGR*
BOOHBIMO€RS

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Library building.

LUNC-15M N.36
OP-13370

BETTER BABIES SPEC

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Putli5\edb4 TnZ./^°KjnCAR9LI/^A STATE. D°ARDs^AE^LTA

I This Bullelirv will be 5er\t free to arwj citizeiA of the State upo:\reque5t.|

Published Monthly at the Office of the Secretary of the Board, Raleigh, N. C.
Entered as second-class matter at Post Office at Raleigh, N. C, under Act of July 16, 1891/.

Vol. XXVIII.

SEPTEMBER, 1913.

No. 6.

COLORADO PRIZE WINNERS, 1912.

Watch this page for the North Carolina Champions, after the State Fair.

CONTENTS

Health axd Public Health Brevities 99

Better Babies ix Xorth Carolina 100

Watch Your Nursemaids 104

We Want to Help You 104

Feeding Sick Babies 105

How ASHEVILLE DoES It 106

Good Well Water 107

Mosquito Warfare in Panama 109

The Care of Milk in the Home Ill

AVhat Berlin Did, We Can Do 112

The Last Word 112

FREE PUBLIC HEALTH LITERATURE

The State Board of Health has a limited quantity of health literature
on the subjects listed below, which will be sent out, free of charge, to
any citizen of the State as long as the supply lasts. If you care for
any of this literature, or want some sent to a friend, just write to the
State Board of Health, at Raleigh. A post-card will bring it by return
mail.

Medical Inspection of Schools and School Children.
Care and Feeding of Babies.
The Plague of Flies and Mosquitoes.
Residential Sewage Disposal Plants.
Sanitary Privy.
Hookworm Disease.
Malaria.

Tuberculosis Leaflet.

Compilation of Public Health Laws of North Caro-
lina.
20. Tuberculosis Bulletin.
Fly Leaflet.
Baby Leaflet.
The Vital Statistics Law.
The Whole-time County Health Officer.
Anti-Spitting Placards ( ii inches by 9 inches).
Anti-Fly Placards ( ii inches iw lo'^inches).

No.

'No.

No.

l-£j|| PUBLI5AE:D BYTML HOR-TM CAIgOLIhA 5TATL BQAI^D °^M&ALTM I El

J. Howell Way, M.D., President, Waynesville.
Richard H. Lewis, M.D., Raleigh.
J. L. Ludlow, C.E., Winston-Salem.
W. O. Spencer, M.D., Winston-Salem.
Thom.\s E. Ander.son, M.D., Statesville.

Charles O'H. Laughinghocse, M.D.

Greenville.
Edward J. Wood, M.D., Wilmington.
A. A. Kent, M.D., Lenoir.
Cyrus Thompson, M.D., Jacksonville.

W. S. Rankin, M.D., Secretary and Treasurer, Raleigii.

Vol. xxvm.

SEPTEMBER, 1913.

No. 6.

HEALTH AND PUBLIC HEALTH BREVITIES.

Dou"t miss the Better Babies Cox-
test at the State Fair.
— 0 —
To get some good, first-class health
literature free, see the opposite page.
— o —
Over .$300 iu prizes for the best North
Carolina babies at the Fair. Enter
your baby. There are no entry fees.

For the elementary principles of
healtli and sanitation on the farm, see
the public health exhibit at the State
Fair. October 20th to 2.jth.
— o^

Th^> Better Babies Contest and the
PrBLic Health Exhibit will be two of
the biggest features of the State Fair
this year. — o —

Thirty-three states make tuberculosis
a reportable disease. I.sn't it about
time for North Carolina to join the riro-
cession? — o —

The liveliest thing at the State Fair
—the Better Babies Contest. Don't
miss it. It will beat the Midway any
day — and it's free.

August and September form low
water-mark for pneumonia. From Sep-
tember on to February the pneumonia
death rate goes up — because our win-
dows go down. Live, work, and sleep
in the fresh air. and avoid pneiiraonia,
colds, grip, and tuberculosis.

On dressing for hot weather, the
Chicago Health Department says :
"Wear as little clothing as the law of
the land will permit — that's mighty
little these days. 'Equal rights for
men.' " _^_

Would you like to know if your child
has hookworms? The State Board of
Health will tell you free. Write them,
stating that you want a specimen con-
tainer for hookworm examination.
— 0 —

Any one suspecting tuberculosis
should consult his family doctor at once.
If thought necessary, the doctor can
have a sample of sputum examined for
tuberculosis germs at the State Lab-
oratory of Hygiene free of charge.
— o —

True civilization and refinement in a
town, community, or individual family
can be judged very closely by the way
they handle their own filth. If they
have the antiquated, open, insanitary
privies, or no privies at all, and no
screen doors or windows, they are about
at the bottom of the scale. If they have
screen doors and windows, they have
movetl up quite a bit: and if they have
abolished privies altogether, or use san-
itary privies and screens at their doors,
they have passetl the selfish stage and
recognize that they are their brother's
keeper. Where are you on this scale?

BETTER BABIES IN NORTH CAROLINA.

Each Year the Old North State Raises Better Cotton, Better Tobacco, Better
Horses, and Better Cattle— and Why Not Better Babies?

Warren H. Booker, C.E., Assistant Secretary.

Koi-th Carolina neglects her best
crop. Yes, just that. Every year we
have our county and state fairs; we
have our Agricultural Department with
scores of experts, test farms and ex-
periment stations, and our agricultural
colleges filled to overflowing; we have
our farmers' institutes, and the best
farm paper in the United States. We
have all these, and why? In order to
make two bales of cotton grow on an
acre that formerly produced but one;
in order to produce good cattle instead
of scalawags, and thoroughbred Berk-
shires and Poland-Chinas instead of
razorbacks and elm peelers.

But North Carolina's best crop is
never mentioned. No one ever dreamed
of holding institutes to teach fathers
and mothers how to raise better,
healthier babies. We have no schools
or colleges teaching such subjects. We
have no papers or magazines on this
subject. In fact, all we have ever done
was to have an occasional beauty show
at the fair. That was a joke. No one
ever knew a thing more about how to
raise a better, healthier baby, or how
to improve those they already had.

after attending such a beauty .show,
than they did before.

Now, all this is going to be changed.
The North Carolina mothers have said
so ; the State Fair Association has said

A Sound Chest is a Valuable Asset.

Broad, Deep Chests Are Fine, But —

so; and the State Board of Health is
going to back them up and cooperate
with the mothers of the State and with
the State Fair Association, and hold
North Carolina's first great Better
Babies Contest at the State Fair in
October.

OVER $300 IN CASH PRIZES.

The contest will be under the direct
management and control of the State
Board of Health. It will not be a
beauty show in any sense of the word.
It will be a health contest, out and
out. Neither grandfathers nor grand-
mothers, town mayors, congressmen
nor politicians will be allowed to pat
babies' dimples, kiss them on the mouth,
or vote for the prettiest child. On the
other hand, a corps of the best doctors
and children's specialists in the State
will be on hand to score the babies on
a score-card in much the same way as
the horsemen and cattle judges will

THE HEALTH BULLETIX.

101

GETTING THE CORRECT HEIGHT.
Height and Weight Should Conform With Age.

$50. It took quite a bit of work to
raise this $150 iu order to secure the
$100, but the State Board of Health
did not stop there. It went on, and is
still collecting funds for prizes, and be-
fore the contest is held it hopes to have
a considerably larger fund for tliis
purpose.

JUDGING THE BABIES.

Lots of interest centers around just
how the babies will be judged or scored.
Space will not permit us to explain the
whole matter in detail, but the general
plan will be as follows :

The contest will be held October
20th to 25th. at the State Fair Grounds
at Raleigh, in the east wing of Floral
Hall. At the appointed day and hour
the mother will bring the baby to the
large, comfortable reception room,
where a reception committee of ladies
interested in the babies and their moth-
ers will meet the babies, learn the name,
age. and sex of each one. and fill out

They Must Not be Flat or Pigeon-
breasted.

score the horses and cattle. The baby"s
age will be noted, then he will be
weighed, measured, and carefully ex-
amined, and, above all things else, these
doctors will point out to the mothers
and fathers just what goes to make
a perfect baby. They will show why
the baby scores high here and low there,
and just how to remedy any defects.

Then, best of all, there will be the
prizes. Of course, the prize for the
best baby will not be so large this year
as it will be for the best horse or cow
or hog. One could scarcely expect that
the first year ; but next year, when
North Carolinians begin to appreciate
that a third or fourth prize baby is
worth more than the best race-horse on
the track, the adjustment of prizes will
be different. This year the Woman's
Home Companion offered $100. provided
the State Fair Association would raise
$100, and provided further that the
women's clubs of the State would raise

Surveying Osier's "Mason and Olxon
Line."

102

THE HEALTH BULLETIN,

A Perfect Baby Must be Well Proportioned

as to Height, Lengtii of Arms, and

Length of Legs.

the score-card sbowing these facts, also
tlie name and address of the father
and mother, whether the baby has been
breast-fed or bottle-fed, whether or not
it sleeps alone, whether or not it sleeps
in a room with windows open, etc.

From the reception room the baby
and mother will enter a quiet room
where a doctor will test the child men-
tally according to its age. For instance,
a child of six months should sit alone,
play with simple objects like a pencil
or spoon, look in the direction of unex-
pected noises, etc., while a child of two
years should run, join words to make
short sentences, be able to point to eyes,
nose, ears, etc.. and so on. If baby
meets all these conditions, he will be
scored 100. or perfect.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

From the mental test room the mother
and baby will be conducted to a meas-
uring room. Here a doctor and a trained
nurse will carefully weigh and meas-
ure the baby. A table of standards
has already been provided for babies
of different ages. Baby's height will
be measure<l. and his chest measure-
ments and other measurements taken,
and he will be graded accordingly.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION.
From the weighing and measuring
room the mother an<l child will be taken

to the last examination room. Here
trained specialists will make careful
physical examinations of the baby from
head to foot. They will examine his
teeth, his eyes, ears, nose, throat, and
every possible detail that goes to make
up a perfectly healthy, normal baby.
Furthermore, these meflical experts will
point out to fathers and mothers any
physical defects or tendencies, and in-
form them, free of charge, how to rera-
etly or overcome these defects by proper
care of the baby.

PUBLIC HEALTH EXHIBIT.

Nor is that all. For the first time
in its history, the State Board of Health
will hold a public health exhibit, show-
ing the most approved forms of sanita-
tion so far as the care of babies is con-
cerned. There will also be a general
exhibit on a lot of other public health
subjects, such as tuberculosis, typhoid,
malaria, hookworm disease, etc. The
Board will devote a considerable
amount of time, money, and energy to
getting up the best public health ex-
hibit ever shown in this State, if not
in the South. The opportunity of
studying the cheap, practical, home-
made models of every-day sanitation
will be well worth a trip to the Fair,
to say nothing of the other features.
The object of the exhibit will l;e to

Better Babies Must Have Good Under-
pinning. They Have a Long Road
to Travel.

THE HEALTH BULLETIX.

103

briug mcKleni sanitation down to prac-
tical, every-day life. Don't miss it. It
will be next to the Better Babies Con-
test.

ABOUT THE PRIZES.

The matter of prizes has not been
fully decided as yet. There will be
classes for rural babies and city babies,
and these classes will probably also be
arranged according to ages, say from
six months to twenty-four months, and
from twenty-four months to thirty-six
months. The classes will probably also
be divided into classes for boys and
classes for girls. There will probably
also be sweepstakes and special prizes
for the best boy and the best girl of
any class. In each class there will
probably be a first, second, third, and
fourth prize. A special committee will
decide later in regard to the number
and value of the prizes, and due an-
nouncement will be made in the next
number of The Health Bllletix.

Every effort is being made to make
The Better Babies Contest as pleasant
and comfortable for the babies and
their parents as possible. Besides the
large reception room, the Board will
endeavor to have tents erected for rest
rooms for mothers and babies. Cots

Gocd Teeth, Good Tonsils, and a Clean
Tongue Make for Better Babies.

Sore or Swollen "Kernels" May indicate a
Disposition to Contract Disease.

will be provided for sleepy babies, and
trained nurses will be left in charge of
the babies while the mothers go about
seeing the rest of the Fair.

HOW TO ENTER.

Parents wishing to enter their babies
in the contest will file their application
with the State Board of Health before
October Irith— the earlier the better-
No charge or entry fee will be required.
The parents will also state the day on
which they expect to attend the Fair^
so that the Board can arrange a con-
venient hour for the judges and the
baby.

Kemember that Wed)iesday will prob-
ably be a better day than Thursday or
Friday, and Tuesday will probably Be
the best day of all. so far as conveni-
ence and the comfort of the baby is
concerned.

Apiilications for entry will be filed
in order, and iireference in regard to
time of examinations will be given early
npplicanrs. For this reason it is best
to make your entry application early^,.
even though you should later find it
impossible to have the baby there. Ap-
plications are already coming in, and
if you make your entry application at
once, so much the better.

Home^cJmpailon^^ °^ ^^'' ^''"'="''' ''"^' ^^^ ^"'« illustrating this article are used by courtesy Womar.

104

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

WATCH YOUR NURSEMAIDS.

Warren H. Booker, C

Nursemaids are a very potent health
factor in child life. Children's dis-
eases are frequently conveyed by them,
and sometimes diseases more far-reach-
ing are directly chargeable to ignor-
ant, careless, or diseased nurses. This
is particularly true in the South, where
colored women do much of the nursing.

Perhaps the only reason we do not
have more crimes of preventable dis-
eases charged up to careless, ignorant.
or diseased nurses is that, as a rule.
it is very hard to determine the exact
source, cause, or occasion wherein a
case of preventable sickness was con-
tracted. In May, 1912, however, in a
large children's home, a nurse having
tuberculosis was given charge of a ward
of ten small infants ranging from two
to four years of age. All ten of these
children had been tested for tubercu-
losis the month before this nursemaid
took charge, and it was then found that
three out of the ten had been previously
infected with tuberculosis, but were not
in an active stage of the disease at that
time.

It was noticed within six weeks
after employing this nurse that she had
tuberculosis, and she was promptly re-
moved on the first of July, and the
children again examined, but only the
same three responded to the test.
Three months later, however, the chil-
dren were again examined, and it was

E., Assistant Secretary.

found at that time that tubercular in-
fection had developed sufficiently in
every case to be recognized by the tu-
berculin test. These children could not
have contracted tuberculosis from any
one else except the tuberculous nurse-
maid, as she was the only person that
came in contact with them. Even their
milk supply was Pasteurized by heating
to l-iS F. for 45 minutes to kill any
tubercular infection from the cows.

It should be noted that there were
nearly three hundred children in this
institution, and it was found that this
was the only tuberculous nurse present.
It was also found that the children
under this particular nurse were the
only ones to develop tubercular infec-
tion after coming to the institution.
All this goes to show the grave danger
of infecting our children by means of
nursemaids.

Fortunately, these early tubercular
infections are, as a rule, readily over-
come by children, but not always, as
is shown by the records of deaths from
tuberculosis among children. The les-
son to be borne in mind is the possi-
bility and the danger of having our
little ones and our loved ones infected
by a race of people having three times
the amount of tuberculosis that white
people have, as well as a great excess of
certain other preventable diseases, to
say nothing of the loathsome venereal
diseases.

WE WANT TO HELP YOU.

Warren H. Booker, C
Miss Teacher, Mrs. Club Woman.
Messrs. Preachers and all other Public-
Spirited Citizens, we want to help you.
Will you let us?

Here is one way in which the State
Board of Health can help you in your
school, church, and community work.
We have just secured two sets of lan-
tern slides, with lectures already writ-

E., Assistant Secretary.

ten out to accompany them. One of
the lectures is on tuberculosis and is
well adapted for any mixed audience,
while the other lecture is on the general
subject of health, the teeth, voice, hear-
ing, and sight. It is especially adapted
for schools, and for work on the medi-
cal inspection of school children.

Anv one can "deliver" or read one of

THE HEALTH BULLETI^'.

105

these stock lectures while some oue
else operates the slides in any ordinary
stereopticon lantern.

The State Board of Health offers to
loan these slides and lectures free of
charge to any school, church, club, or-
ganization, or public-spirited citizen
who will agree to give a lecture from
them, provided they pay the express
charges to their town. Then they may
hold the slides and lecture until we
send them an order requesting that
they be shipped to some one else.

Besides the slides and lectures, this
Board will also send you special bulle-
tins to help you get posted on the sub-
ject on which you expect to lecture, and
a limited quantity of various kinds of
public health leaflets which may be dis-
tributed among the audience after the
lecture.

Here is a golden opportunity for any
one at all interested in giving his club,
church, or community an entertaining
and instructive lecture.

Our church people are beginning to
have more compassion on their over-
worked preachers, and are giving them
more generous vacations. Laymen who
relieve the regular minister should find
these lectures an excellent method of
continuing the regular meetings.
Health work, after all, is only one

phase of Christian activity, and if the
lecturer wants to add more religion to
his lecture, let him draw lessons from
the life of the Great Physician, or let
him teach modern sanitation from the
Book of Deuteronomy.

Doctors usually make excellent peo-
ple to deliver such lectures. However,
on account of the delicacy of medical
ethics and on account of the difficulty
in getting a good audience to an ordi-
nary lecture, doctors thus far have
not, as a rule, volunteered to give
health lectures as freely as they might.
But if some church, school, or public-
spirited citizen will invite a doctor to
give one of these illustrated lectures
there will be little danger of his not
accepting the invitation. Try it once.

To secure these slides and lectures.
write the State Board of Health, Ra-
leigh. Do not announce the date for a
lecture until you find out when you
can get the slides.

If the idea proves popular, the Board
will be glad ro add several more sets of
slides and lectures on different sub-
.iects, and possibly for those communi-
ties not having ready access to stere-
opticon lanterns the Board may later
secure one or more traveling lanterns
to loan out with the slides. Let us
know how the idea appeals to you.

FEEDING SICK BABIES.

If it were possible to obtain an accu-
rate record of baby sickness, it would
be found that many babies get sick in
June and the early part of July, though
the baby death i-ate does not begin to
show much rise until after the middle
of the latter month.

The asylums, sanitaria, hospitals, and
baby tents find that the children who
are severely sick in midsummer give a
history of mild sickness in the early
summer. It is the old. old story of the
"stitch in time saving nine."

Loose bowels, green stools, mucus,
and blood cannot be neglected with any
degree of safety after June 15th in this
climate and June 1st in warmer cli-
mates. The child may seem to be happy,
not upset by the little indigestion, and
it may seem useless to worry about so
trifling a matter. But. unless these
trifles are attended to. things will get
worse as the weather gets hotter, and.
presently, the baby is in a condition
where no food seems to agree with it
and no doctor seems to help it. The

106

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

mother must carry on her loug. weary
fight to keep the jioor, skinuy baby alive
until the nights get cool in October.

The first thing to do when the baby
gets sick is to stop feeding it. Trobably
The milk is bad anyhow. But. whether
it be good or bad, it will disagree with
a sick baby. In place of milk the baby
should take clean water from a clean
bottle or a clean cup. If the trouble
keeps up there are milk substitutes
which can be given until it is safe to
give milk again. The physician or nurse
will demonstrate how these are made.

The next step, after str>iiiiing the food,
is to empty the child's intestines of all
fermenting, decomposing food. The par-
ent is justified in going as far in this
line as the use of oil by the mouth and
of simple enemas by injection. If re-
lief does not come when these have

acted, the mother is not justified in go-
ing further. She should get help from
a physician or nurse. Caring for a sick
baby is so largely '"doing and showing,"
as contrasted with "telling," that a
nurse is needed more than would usu-
ally be the case.

As the child goes back on milk, let it
be watered milk or good buttermilk. If
the first feeding agrees, let the next be
slightly less watered, and the next still
less, until within a few days the diet is
one proper for the age and the season of
the year. Occasionally a mother contin-
ues to give watery milk after the acute
trouble has subsided and the baby in a
few weeks shows signs of starvation.

Remember — a baby with indigestion
can be starved by overfeeding. The in-
digestion passed, it may be starved by
underfeeding. — Dr. W. A. Evans in The
Chicafio Trihvne.

HOW ASHEVILLE DOES IT.

When a case of typhoid fever occurs
in Asheville. the dairyman delivering
milk to the afflictetl family is immedi-
ately notified of the fact. That is usu-
ally enough to make the dairyman feel
that to some extent his dairy is charged
up with the case, until it is proven that
no further cases occur on his route or
that the first case was due to something
else.

Furthermore, the dairyman is not
allowed to remove milk bottles from the
premises of the sick person until the

bottles have been sterilized by the
health department. This is a very wise
provision, because typhoid germs grow
very rapidly in milk, and if the milk
bottle should become accidentally con-
taminated with typhoid germs in the
typhoid-stricken home the dairyman
might contaminate his other bottles and
cans in the course of ordinary washing
and spread the disease to the rest of his
customers. This is a very good pre-
caution. What is the policy of your
town is this matter? — w. h. b.

.Jesus was rebuked in the elder day
for healing an infirm man on the Sab-
bath. And those who rebuked Him
thought it perfectly all right to save a
sheep on the Sabbath. The sheep was
a piece of property. It was money, it
was value. "How much better is a man
than a sheep?" He asked, and the doc-
tors, the reformers, the cranks, have
been thundering that to the multitude

ever since, and the multitude has begun
to listeii. Within our own day, we have
seen legislatures appropriate more for
hog serum than for tuberculosis, more
for the hog than for the human; but a
man is getting to be worth as much as
a hog in this State, and he is going to
be worth more.— ir. T. Bost in The
Xeics and Observer.

THE HEALTH BI'LLETIX.

107

GOOD WELL WATER.

Warren H. Booker, C

Good, wholesome driuking- water is a
fimdameutal of life aud liealth. Judg-
ing from analyses of private well water
at the State Laboratory of Hygiene, one
would think good well water was a lux-
ury in North Carolina. Only 17 per
cent, or one out of six. of all the huu-
dretls of ordinary, open-top bucket wells
were found to furnish water safe for
drinking. Of the wells with pumps it
was found that 63 per cent, or four
times as many, furnished water fit for
human use. Only about 36 per cent of
the private spring supplies are found
safe. All this is an unfortunate, dan-
gerous, and disgraceful condition, par-
ticularly among our rural folk. A
great deal of this trouble can be easily
avoided by observing the following pre-
cautions.

The purity of a water is a very de-
ceiving thing. We can frequently tell
whether or not food is wholesome by
looking at it, by smelling it. or tasting
it; but not so with water. Looks, taste,
and smell count for little. Water laden
with germs of typhoid, cholera, or diar-
rheal diseases may be perfectly clear,
tasteless, and odorless. The only way to
tell bad water is to have a chemical
and bacterial examination made of it.
giving the person examining the water
all the information available as to how,
when, and where the sample was col-
lected, and a description of the sur-
roundings of the well or spring. The
distance from privies, stables, etc..
should be given, also the direction of
the surface drainage with reference to
the well, and the methorl of covering
and protecting the top of the well.

What most of us are interested in is
how to get a well of good, wholesome
water, and then l^eep it good. Be'-ause
a well water is wholesome to-day is no
reason why it may not be dangerously
polluted next month or next year. A
well once polluted is iilwa.vs uncertain.
The water may beronie pure or it may
'•niitinne impure. It is like a jierson

E., Assistant Secretary.

that steals. If he steals once, it is
doubtful if he ever jiermanently re-
forms, and we are always uneasy lest
he commit a robbery.

A GOOD WELL LOCATION.

In locating a well use common sense
and foresight. Don't rely on supersti-
tions ; they may kill some one with bad
water. Ordinarily, the water in the
ground moves slowly in a direction from
higher ground toward lower ground ; so
be careful not to locate a well so that
the water coming to it will have soaked
through barnyard manure or privy filth
above the well. Wells should, whenever
possible, he located on high ground, well
away from privies, hogpens, and barn-
yards. Wells located on high ground
usually have to be put down somewhat
deeper than wells located on low ground,
but the quality of the water from the
wells on high ground will justify the
extra expense.

Lse foresight and do not locate a well
where it may later become polluted by
privies or other sources of pollution not
under your control.

Never locate a well where the heavi-
est kind of a rain or even a "cloud-
burst" can wash surface material from
the ground into the top of the well. If
there is any possibility of such a thing
hapiiening. grade around the top of the
well so that rain and surface water will
drain 20 or 30 feet away from the well
— the farther the better. This Is very
important.

Never use an open-top well. The.v
are many times moi'e liable to contami-
nation than wells with pumps. Pumps,
either wooden or iron, never injure the
quality of the water or the health of
the users. The more you protect the
top (if the well, the better. Note in the
accompanying illustration how the
walls are laid u]) with cement joints.
The toil of the well is carefully cov-
eretl. cement is jiacked around the toj)
of the well, a trdugh and drain pre-

108

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

vents waste water from returniug to
the well, and all surface water is
drained away from the well by the
slope of the ground. This is an excel-
lent form of well, and if privies, hog-
pens, etc., are kept away from it and
on lower ground, it should give excel-
lent water.

IMPROVING BAD WELLS.

To make a good well out of a bad one
is a very hard and uncertain job. It is
usually cheaper to locate a new well and
begin all over. Sometimes, by making
the walls water-tight, grading the sur-
face of the ground away from the well,
placing a tight cover over the well,
using a pump, draining the waste
water away, and removing all sources
of pollution, the water may be im-
proved ; but the results cannot be guar-
anteed.

PROTECTING SPRINGS.

The same general principles apply to
springs that apply to wells, except that,
as a rule, springs are already located.
and we have to leave them where they
are and protect them as best we can.

An excellent way to protect a spring
is to surround it with a cement bowl
or basin and cover it with some close-
fitting lid. This will exclude frogs and
bugs, and also leaves and other debris
frequently blown into oiien springs.

If possible, the water from the spring
should be piped down to the house di-
rect. If this cannot be done, an iron
pipe or terra-cotta pipe should dis-
charge the overflow from the spring so
tnat it can be caught in pails, etc. In
this way promiscuous dipping of cups
and pails into the spring bowl itself
can be avoided.

To protect a spring from surface
drainage, it is an excellent plan to cut
a small ditch around the spring on its
upper side at a distance of some 20 or
30 feet, and drain the surface wash
away from the spring. Live stock
should not be iillowed to pasture for a
distance of at least 100 feet above the
spring, and privies should be kept en-

tirely off the catchment area of small
springs. In the case of large springs,
possible sources of pollution should, as
a general rule, not be allowed within
500 feet above the spring. Ground
above a spring or around a well, if
used for farming, should not be fer-
tilized with barnyard manure, etc.. if
for no other than esthetic reasons.

No definite rule can be laid down as
to a safe distance from a source of
pollution to a well or spring. In sandy
and clayey soils there is less danger
than where rocks, more or less crackel
and seamy, exist a few feet under the
surface. The safest rule is to keep
all sources of pollution as far away
as possible, the farther the better, and
under no circumstances permit them to
exist within one hundred feet of even
a carefully protected well such as
shown in the illustration.

A GOOD FORM FOR A DUG WELL.

Protected from Surface Pollution by a
Good Cover, Well Laid Wall, and a
Trough Which Drains the Waste Water
Away. Note Also the Concrete Around
the Top. and the Direction of Surface
Drainage.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

109

MOSQUITO WARFARE IN PANAMA.

How They Fight Mosquitoes to Save Human Lives.

Dr. W. S. Rankin, Secretary.

The Isthmus of I';inama has seen
two great battles. Thirty years ago,
when the French started the Canal, the
mosquitoes undertook to drive out the
invaders, and they did it. The death
rate among the French was 240 per
1,000 annually — a clear-cut victory for
the mosquito. To-day, while the Ameri-
cans are digging the Canal, they are
also making war on the mosquito, and
the mosquito is losing. The present
death rate is only 14 per 1.000. We can
appreciate this better when we remem-
ber that the death rate in North Caro-
lina is about 30 per cent higher, or
something over IS per 1.000.

Methods used in controlling the mos-
quito problem consist of filling and
draining collections of stagnant water ;
oiling and using larvacide where filling
and draining cannot be employed ; in
screening; in catching mosquitoes by
hand and by traps; and in persuading
people subjected to bites of mosquitoes
to use small doses of quinine daily.
Three to five grains daily will prevent
malaria in a malarial district.

The most permanent method of con-
trolling mosquitoes is the filling or
drainage of stagnant water. This
method attacks the problem from its
very source. It prevents the bree<ling
of the mosquito. To fill up a swamp
is better than to drain it, but much
more expensive. After drainage the
ditches must be kept open and free
from grasses, and oiled frequently.
The cutting and removal of grass from
the ditches in the tropics is no small
part of the mosquito problem.

Where filling in or drainage cannot
he employed, then the only thing to do
is to oil the surface of the water, or
to treat it with some chemical larva-
cide that will kill the young mosqui-

toes. In the tropics they use a cheap
crude oil, which is much better for this
purpose than ordinary kerosene oil.

METHODS OF OILING.

Many interesting ways of applying
oil to water have been devised in the
Canal Zone. It is applied in some
places by men with a spraying appara-
tus fastened on their backs, knapsack
fashion ; in other places, where the
ground is not too soft for the wheels
to leave a track in which stagnant
water could accumulate, it is applied
by an oil cart with a mule hitched to
it and a spraying arrangement at-
tached to the tank on the oil cart. Oil
is applied to the water in small streams
and ditches by placing barrels or gar-
bage cans along the course of the
stream, the number and distance apart
of the barrels and garbage cans de-
pending upon the volume of the stream.
By fixing a spigot in the barrels, the
oil is allowed to fall on the water drop
by drop in such quantities as needed.
Where the amount of water is very
small, as that coming from an ooze on
a hillside, they dip a small roll of cot-
ton waste in the oil and fasten it on
the ground over the ooze.

Where conditions of travel make it
difficult to carry the large amounts of
oil needed, a chemical composed of
crude, cheap, carbolic acid, rosin, and
caustic soda, mixed together, and known
as larvacide, is sprayed upon the stag-
nant water. The larvacide is very
fatal to the young forms of mosqui-
toes, and as it can be used in much
smaller quantities than the oil, it is
more convenient where conditions of
travel make the oiling inconvenient.

An important thing that impresses one
in studying the treatment of stagnant

110

THE HEALTH BULLETIN,

water in tbe tropics bj' the various
methods nientioueti is tbe fact that no
stagnant water, not even small collec-
tions on a hillside a fourth or an
eighth of an inch deep, nor even the
water in a sheep's track, is neglected.
Tbe treatment is complete, and this is
one of tbe important points that the
authorities in tbe Zone make in deal-
ing with tbe mosquito problem.

VALUE OF SCREENS.

If mo.squitoes are allowed to breed,
the malarial death rate can be held
down remarkably low by thoroughly
screening all bouses and by catching
mosquitoes by hand and by traps. The
occurrence of malaria in the screened
section and unscreened section of the
same settlement, both sections of which
are equally exposed to the mosquitoes,
has demonstrated that there is one-
third less malaria in screened than in
unscreened houses. The authorities of
the Zone stress the point that screening
should not be done unless it is done
thoroughly. An imperfectly screened
house frequently serves to admit and
retain the mosquitoes, acting as a trap.
In screening, an IS-mesh copper wire is
used ; a larger mesh will admit of tbe
entrance of certain varieties of mos-
quitoes.

The authorities of tbe Canal Zone
think a great deal of catching the mos-
quito. Mosquitoes are caught in two
ways : Wire traps, very much like
some forms of fly traps, are fastened
over the transoms of the doors. To
catch the mosquitoes entering tbe
house, tbe convex part of the trap is
turned in: to catch the mosquitoes
leaving the house the position of tbe
trap is reversed. A still more impor-
tant way than trapping, in catching the
mosquitoes that reach a dwelling, is
by the "band catch." "Hand catching"
as carried out in the Canal Zone is

done by ordinary day laborers. Tbe
mosquitoes are looked for early in the
morning, when they are usually found
on the wire screens trying to get out, or
late in the day in the dark corners of
tbe rooms, under shelving, or behind
l>ictures. Tbe mosquito catcher car-
ries a little bicycle lamp and a cylindri-
cal bottle, about 4 inches deep by an
inch in diameter, with a little piece vf
cotton in the bottom soaked with chlo-
roform. With tbe rays of the light
thrown in tbe dark place he spies the
mosquito on the wall and gradually
slips the mouth of the bottle over the
insect, which soon becomes anesthe-
tized and falls into the bottle. In some
of the temporary camps, where filling
in and draining are too expensive, it
has been possible to bold tbe malarial
death rate down to tbe average preva-
lence in tbe Canal Zone by tbe "hand
catch" method. This demonstrates tbe
importance of this measure in controll-
ing the malarial problem. About ten
times as many mosquitoes are caught
by hand as by traps.

The effect of the mosquito work in
the Canal Zone has been to entirely
eradicate yellow fever, the last case of
which occurred in lOOG. and to reduce
malaria 00 per cent.

As will be apparent to our readers,
many of tbe methods used in the Canal
Zone are applicable to North Carolina,
and many of the methods used by tbe
Canal Zone can be used by the indi-
vidual for bis own and his family's
protection, independently of the iudif-
ference of the municipality in which
be lives to the importance of mosquito
eradication. There are over .oOO deaths
and G.'.OOO to 7.5,000 cases of malaria
every year in North Carolina, nine-
tentbs of which occur in the eastern
half of the State. It is evident that it
is time for our people to begin to take
an interest in tbe mosquito and ma-
laria.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

Ill

THE CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME.

Milk is a perishable food. The length
of time it remains sweet depends largely
upon the care it receives after delivery
to the consumer. Keep it clean, cool,
and covered, and it should remain
sweet during the 24 hours in which it
should be used.

Germs, to grow, require three im-
portant things, namely : food, moisture,
and moderate heat. Milk furnishes
footi nnd moisture and the room air
furnishes the necessary warmth. Milk
is therefore a very good medium for
the growth of germs, if not kept cold.

Dust, dirt, and flies are the carriers
through which germs get into milk.
Milk, therefore, should be protected
from dust, dirt, and flies.

Remember : the most important rule
about the care of milk is : keep the
milk clean, Keep it cold, and keep it
covered.

Do not allow milk to stand on the
dumbwaiter, stoop, window-sill, or
other place where the driver leaves it.
Place it promptly in the ice box.

Keep your ice box cold and well
stocked with ice. You cannot obtain
good refrigeration without a well-filled
ice compartment.

Keep your refrigerator clean and
free from disagreeable odors. Milk ab-
sorbs unpleasant odors very readily.
Strong smelling foods, such as onions,
garlic, and strong cheeses, should not be
kept in the same compartment with
milk, butter, or cream.

Where ice boxes are not available,
some makeshift arrangement should be
provided. The following has been rec-
ommendetl :

"An emergency ice box may lie con-
structed by placing a piece of ice in a
covered tin pail or bucket having a
hole in the bottom. An old leaky pail
will answer.

"Place the bottles of milk in direct
contact with the ice. and cover the
whole with a heavy cloth or blanket.
The pail may be kept in the sink."

Milk inirchased from stores should
be delivered in a clean condition and
at or below .30 degrees F.

Keep the milk prepared for infant
feeding in nursery bottles in the ice
box until just before using. The prac-
tice of heating the baby's milk at even-
ing and keeping it warm until the
night or early morning feeding is very
bad. The heat thus maintained is most
favorable to the growth of germs.

Return promptly to the ice box any
unused portion of milk. Standing in
the warm room will greatly hasten the
growth of germs. Keep the milk tightly
covered, so that dust, dirt, and flies
may not enter.

Wipe the mouth of the bottle care-
fully with a clean towel before re-
moving the cap. Replace the cap im-
mediately after pouring out what milk
is wanted.

Pour the milk into clean receptacles.
Dirty vessels will as readily contami-
nate the milk as will dust. dirt, and
flies.

Place milk dipped from cans or
tanks only in clean covered pails or
other covered receptacles.

Mix the milk well before using. In-
verting the bottle rapidly two or three
times will accomplish this. Cream sepa-
rates and rises to the top, making this
necessary.

Pour only enough milk from the
bottle for the specific use. Do not put
any unused portion back with the milk
from which it was taken, but place it
in the ice box in another covered ves-
sel.

Do not keep more than one day's
supply of milk at a time. Order a
fresh supphj daili/.

As a matter of courtesy, at least,
consumers should wash the milk bot-
tles before returning them to the
dealer. In some towns this is required
by law. The proper way to wash a
milk bottle is to first rinse it thoroughly
with cold water. When all the milky

112

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

film has been removed from the in-
side, then wash carefullj with very
hot water. All vessels used for hold-
ing milk or cream should be cleansed
in the same manner.

Do not use milk bottles for any other
purpose than the holding of milk or
cream.

Pdnse nursery bottles and nipples in
cold water and wash in boiling water

immediately after each feeding. Turn
the nipple inside out and thoroughly
cleanse. Rinse the bottles and nipples
again in boiling water before using.

Remember, above all things, to keep
the milk clean, keep it cold, and keep it
covered.

(From circular issued by the New
York Sanitary Milk Dealers' Associ-
ation.)

WHAT BERLIN DID, WE CAN DO.

The death rate of the city of Berlin,
which has a population of over 2,000,-
000, was 17.95 per 1.000 for 1911. In
1877 it was 35 per 1.000, and for the
twenty years preceding that time it had
averaged about 36 or 37. It is apparent
from these figures that the death rate
of Berlin has been cut in half during

the last 34 years, the era coincident
with the development of preventive
medicine. And yet there are people
who are still talking about the "theory
of public health." What is more real,
more vital, than the facts which these
figures demonstrate?

THE LAST WORD.

Some one always has to "get in the
last word." In formal debates it is the
rebuttal speaker. In informal debates
it is usually "the woman in the case."
In this case it seems to devolve upon
the new editor of The Health Bulle-
tin. Next month we shall endeavor to
let some of our readers "have a say"
on this page.

The Secretary of the Board, the
former editor or The Bulletin, has
found that the executive duties of his
office and the demands on his time for
service outside of the office make it
well-nigh impossible for him to find
time to do justice to the work of edit-
ing this Bulletin. This duty has fal-
len to the lot of the Assistant Secre-
tary, who takes up the work with con-
siderable hesitancy and misgiving.
Several changes have been made in tliis
issue of The Bulletin, and of course
we are anxious to know just how our
40.000 readers will like them.

With the next issue we shall en-

deavor to reserve this or a similar
space for "Brickbats and Bouquets"
from our readers. We want to know
just what you want, how you like the
changes, and what your ideas are as
to the most helpful material to be run
in these columns. Of course, we have
some ideas of our own. but we want to
get in touch with your ideas and see
just where we can meet on some com-
mon ground and work together with
the most efficiency.

For this reason we especially invite
criticism of this issue. We want your
suggestions. We want to improve this
Bulletin and make it supply the latest
information on personal health and
public health in a simple, direct, popu-
lar form easily understood by the aver-
age person who has but little time or
inclination to plod through long. hard,
dry, technical articles.

In a nutshell, these are our ideas.
Now what are your views? Let us
hear from you.

COLLECTiONL

ut)Ii5}Yedbij TR£.^°KJACAR9LI/^A 5TATLE)9AR.D s^AmLTA

BulleliiAwillbe -serxt free to arwj citizen of "the StcrteupoAreqaestI

Published monthly at the office of the Secretary of the Board, Raleigh, N. C.
Entered as second-class matter at Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, under Act of July 16, 1894.

Vol, XXVIII.

OCTOBER, 1913.

No. 7.

Better Babies

from other
Southern States

Watch this page for North Carolina Prize Winners after the State Fair. October 20-25

CONTENTS

Bbief a.vd to the Poixt 115

Thk Bettsb Babies Contest 116

NuEsix^G THE Baby 119

Why 1 Ail Down on- Patent Medicines 120

FsEiGHT Rates and the Real Issue 121

Chsonic Constipation 121

i."H?:^j»EB Sanitation 124

What is the Matter With Your Stomach 125

Bbk'kbats and Bouquets 128

FREE PUBLIC HEALTH LITERATURE

The State Board of Health has a limited quantity of health literature on
the eubiects listed below, which will be sent out, free of charge to any citizen
of the State as long as the supply lasts. If you care for any of this litera-
ture, or want some sent to a friend, just write to the State Board of Health,
at Raleigh. A post-card will bring it by return mail.

No. 9. Medical Inspection of Schools and School Children.

No. 10. Care and Feeding of Babies.

No. 11. The Plague of Flies and Mosquitoes.

No. 12. Residental Sewage Disposal Plants.

No. 13. Sanitary Privy.

No. 14. Hookworm Disease.

No. 15. Malaria.

No. 18. Tuberculosis Leaflet.

No. 19. Compilation of Public Health Laws of North Carolina.

No. 20. Tuberculosis Bulletin.

No. 21. Fly Leaflet.

No. 22. Baby Leaflet.

No. 23. The Vital Statistics Law.

No. 27. The Whole-time County Health Officer.

Anti-Spitting Placards (11 inches by 9 inches).

Anti-Fly Placards (11 inches by 19 inches).

■ ■^a^^oiiJMVi^:^^^^'

I PUBLI-SM^D 6YTML nPI^TM CAIgOLIhA 5TATL BOAIgD q^MLALTM ifTl

Vol. XXVIII,

OCTOBER, 1913.

No. 7.

BRIEF AND TO THE POINT

It is not the babies born, but the
babies saved that count.
— o —
Good morning! Yes, sir, the big-
gest Better Babies Contest in the
State will be held at the State Fair,
October 20th to 25th. Be there.
— 0 —
Babies from some of the best fam-
ilies in the State are being entered
at the Better Babies Contest— that's
one reason it is called a Better Ba-
bies Contest.

— 0 — ■

It costs $1,700 to fire some of Secre-
tary Daniels' big guns. It's a pity
a lot of North Carolina counties can't
I have the price of about two shots to
1 put in a county health officer.
— o —

You don't need to wait for the new
law requiring the reporting of tuber-

1 culbsis to go into effect. If you have
tuberculosis or know of anyone that
has it, send the name of the patient
in to the State Board of Health, and
the Board will do all it can for you

i until the Bureau of Tuberculosis is
established.

— o —

The Boy Scouts will assist the Ra-
leigh Nurses' Society in rendering
first aid to the sick or injured at the
Fair. An army tent will be provided,
and the lives, health and comfort of
the people will be looked after as
never before.

Health is purchasable. Within nat-
ural limitations a community can
determine its own death rate.
— 0 —

Have you entered your baby in the
Better Babies contest? Better get
busy if you want to have any choice
in the matter of time to be judged.
The schedules are filling up rapidly.
— o —

Right now is a bully good time to
start a campaign for a sanitary privy
ordinance in your town. Have it go
into effect January first, and have no
old, open privies in your town next
summer.

— o —

Over .$400 in prizes for Better Ba-
bies at the State Fair, but that is
the least important feature. The in-
formation the children's specialists
v.'ill give the mothers will be worth
ten times the value of the prizes.
— 0 —

If a murderer were slipping up be-
nind you, you would thank somt
friend for telling you in time to make
your escape and reporting the matter
to the police, or would you prefer not
to be told for fear it would scare you
to death? The same thing applies
with reference to tuberculosis. If
you have tuberculosis, the sooner you
are told and the sooner it is reported
to the State Board of Health, the
more chances you have to make your
'get away."

THE BETTER BABIES CONTEST

What it is, How it is Conducted, Prizes Offered, Results Expected
and How to Enter.

Last month we announced the Bet-
ter Babies Contest to be held at the
State Fair October 20th to 25th, under
the direction of the State Board of
Health. This announcement must
have been just what our readers were
looking for. As soon as the Bulletin
went out applications for entries and
inquiries liave poured in at an alarming
rate. They have been coming from
parents, rich and poor, in all stations
of life. We have had to make larger
arrangements at the fair grounds, ar-
range for more judges, provide rest
tents for tired mothers and sleepy ba-
bies, and arrange everything on a
larger scale than at first contempla-
ted.

Many inquiries still come in re-
garding the details of scoring and how
the babies are graded. For the bene-
fit of our readers we here give a few
extracts from the score card just to
give an idea of the nature and scope
of the contest.

When the mother and child arrive
they will be received by a doctor and
a lady from the Reception Committee.
The doctor will examine the child for
indications of contagious or infectious
diseases while the lady will proceed
to enroll the child in the contest.
Should any babies be found with con-
tagious diseases it will be necessary
to exclude them from the contest.

The ladies will explain the object
of the contest and any details con-
nected with it. At the same time they
will record the child's name, age,
sex, weight at birth, whether it is
breast fed or bottle fed and on what
foods, frequency of feeding, number
of teeth, whether or not it sleeps

alone, or with the windows open, as
well as the name, age and occupation
of father and mother. All this gives
the physicians a better understanding
of each individual baby.

From the reception room the mother
and child pass to tlie mental test
room. In the accompanying cut is
shown a two-year-old b^'y taking a

Giving a two year old boy a mental test.

mental test. We cannot give all the tests
for the various ages, but as an example
of these tests it may be stated that
a baby twelve months old should be
able to sit alone, stand and walk with
a support, should play with toys, lis-
ten to the ticking of a watch, look in
the direction of unexpected noises,
follow moving objects with his eyes.
He should also speak a word or two,
recognize nis mother (shown by. cry-
ing or uneasiness when taken away
from her) play with other children

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

117

and be interested in liis surroundings.
He sliould not be highly nervous, ir-
ritable or have an exceeding bad tem-
per. Of course the mental require-
ments will vary for different ages.
This mental test counts 100 points out
of a total of 1,000 for a perfect baby.

After the mental test the baby is
taken to the measurement room
where he is weighed and measured.

ftCNCE OF HEAD
TO -FRONTAL)

UMFEftlNCe
CHEST AT NIPPLt
NE

RCUMFERENCB
F ABDOMEN
AT NAVEL

OF LEG FROM
ROCHANTEI^
" OF FOOT

Where four important measurements are made.

The accompanying cut shows where
four important measurements are
taken. We quote here a few standards
for babies of 6 months, 12 months, 24
months and 36 months of age. The
other ages are in proportion.

The weights and measurements
also count 100 points out of the total
1,000.

From the weighing and measuring
room the baby and mother enter the
last room, where the physical exami-
nation is given. There the doctors
carefully examine baby's eyes, ears.

nose, teeth, throat, chest, abdomen
and in fact every part of the body.
This is by far the most important
examination and counts 800 points

a
o

3-5

^+3

fc:u

?.<

-^s

lbs.

in.

171

17i

17A

18i

18.^

19i

36i

out of the 1,000. Whenever any defect
is found the examining physician will
not only point it out to the mother but
tell her how to remedy it so far as
possible.

No entry fee whatsoever is charged.
The contest is open to all white babies
between the ages of 6 and 36 months.
Parents having babies, whether they
are fine specimens of babyhood or not,
should enter the contest. If they are
fine babies they will capture some of
the 68 prizes offered. If they are not
quite good enough to get a prize the
mothers will be shown how to bring
baby up to standard, which will be
worth many times the value of the
priae.

OVER $400 IN PRIZES

The prizes are arranged in four
sets, of 16 prizes each. There will be
one set of prizes for Raleigh babies,
provided by Raleigh merchants and
others, another set for Wake County
babies, another for babies east of
Wake County and a fourth set for ba-
bies west of Wake County. These
prizes will be as follows: four prizes
for the four best boy babies between
the ages of 6 months and 24 months;
four prizes for the four best boys be-
tween the ages of 24 and 36 months.
Similar prizes will also be given for
the best girl babies. The value of

118

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

these prizes will range from about
$15.00 for the first prize in each class
to about $1.00 for the fourth prize.
Then besides the money prizes there
will be four championship prizes for
the four best babies in the State, boy or
girl any age. These State champion-
ship prizes consist of gold, silver and
bronze medals together with beautiful
certificates of reward. The Woman's
Home Companion is furnishing these
medals and certificates besides $100 in
cash for the other prizes.

Governor Craig has just promised
the managers of the contest that if
possible he will arrange to present the
prizes to the champion babies on Fri-
day afternoon at 4 o'clock, immedi-
ately after the close of the contest.

Entries are pouring in to the office
of the State Board of Health rapidly
and arrangements are being made to
accommodate about one baby every five
minutes. While it will take from 20
to 30 minutes to judge a baby enough
doctors will be provided so that a
baby will be judged every five min-
utes. Two large rest tents with cots
will be provided for the convenience
of the mothers and babies. These
tents will be in charge of trained
nurses and mothers may leave their
babies there in safety while they visit

the fair. Everything possible will be
dune to provide for the health, happi-
ness and comfort of the mothers and
babies.

Many mothers are entering their
babies not so much for the prospect
of winning prizes but as an endorse-
ment of the movement for the satis-
faction of knowing how their babies
compared with other North Carolina
babies and for the benefit of experts'
advice in regard to correcting any
slight defects which may be found.
It is already planned to offer a special
set of prizes next year for the babies
who were entered this year and show
the greatest improvement made dur-
ing the year. To be eligible to enter
that contest it will of course be nec-
essary to enter the present contest.

Entrance to the contest is easy.
All that is necessary is to write the
State Board of Health stating the day
you expect to attend the fair and the
most convenient hour to have the
baby judged. You will then be sent
an entrance card with an appoint-
ment as near the hour mentioned as
it is possible to make it. Then if
you will present the baby and card at
east wing of Floral Hall at the ap-
pointed hour, the baby will be judged
and scored on his physical merits.

"With their parents' consent, some
good, first class babies will be
weighed, measured and examined in
public at the State Fair in order
that the people may see how part
of a Better Babies Contest is held.

How do we get hookworms? Easily
enough. Somebody else who did not
use toilets and sewers or a sanitary
privy polluted the soil. Our barefoot
children soiled their feet in this ma-
terial and a case of "ground itch" de-
veloped. That meant that the little

hookworms from this filth were bur-
rowing their way into the child's sys-
tem at this point. After that, the child
gets tired easily, fails to grow right,
or, if a severe case, it becomes puny
and sickly. To cure and to prevent
hookworm, write the State Board of
Health. _q_

A Toast.

Heard at the Maggots' banquet in the
Manure-Box: Eat, drink and be
merry, for to-morrow we'll be files. —
Ex.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

119

NURSING THE BABY

A baby should always be nursed by
Its mother, unless the mother has
tuberculosis or some other grave dis-
ease. The mother saves herself trou-
ble by nursing her baby. When she
figures up the saving from diminished
illness and adds to it the trouble
of fixing the baby's bottle during
the night as well as the day, she finds
that she nets a gain by nursing her
baby.

During the first two days the baby
should be nursed four times a day
and once at night. From the third
day to six weeks the baby should be
nursed every two hours during the
day and twice at night ; from six weeks
to six months every three hours and
once at night; from six months to a
year, six times between 6 o'clock a. m.
and 10 o'clock p. m., and not at all
during the night.

In addition to milk, babies require
water from the very first. The old
granny who gave the baby teas was
a pretty good scientiest, though she
did not know it. Of course, the herbs
which she used to make the tea had
no particular effect, but she was giv-
ing the baby sterilized, warmed water,
and that was as it should be.

After about the second month the
baby should have some orange juice
every day. The juice should be given
freed from pulp. The amount should
begin with two teaspoonfuls a day
and should be gradually increased to
four tablespoonfuls, especially where
there is a tendency to constipation.
It is much better to relieve constipa-
tion with orange juice than by ene-
mas, and certainly than by medicine,
since babies need a little fruit juice
to correct any tendency to scurvy
and rickets.

That the mother may give enough
milk to supply the baby, it is neces-

sary that she be free from worry and
not called upon to do a great
amount of physical labor. Emotion
has more effect on the secretion ct
milk than does the food taken. Oc-
casionally a woman will overeat un-
til she becomes obese trying to give
milk enough for her baby, and then
worry so, fearing her milk will fail,
that she gains nothing for her trou-
ble.

There are no special foods which
make milk. Beer does not; neither
does milk. Some women have the
idea that milk taken as a food run»
without much change Into milk for
the baby. This is not correct. A
mother should eat good, nutritious,
simple, staple food containing a good
deal of fluids.

That which she eats does not go
directly to milk. It is digested and
changed chemically thereby. It Is ob-
sorbed and still further changed
Eventually it is changed Into milk.
She should increase the quantity of
food eaten, since, for her own use,,
she needs more than she usually
does, and, in addition, she is eating;
for the baby.

The average woman nursing out*
baby can supply the child with food
out of her surplus if she will keep
her mind calm, her rest unbroken,
and not have too much work to do.
The average woman who thinks she
cannot nurse her baby can do so if
she will try.— Dr. W. A. Evans, in
Chicago Tribune.

— 0 —

Next year a special set of priaes
goes to those babies who make the
greatest improvement during the year.
Enter the baby this year to get In
on the improvement prizes next year.
A poor baby has the best chance to
win here.

120

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

WHY I AM DOWN ON PATENT MEDICINES

Simply Because They are Expensive and More Likely to do
Harm Than Good.

Mr8. W. N. Hutt, in the Progressive Farmer.

Hardly a week passes that I do not
receive a letter giving simple home
recipes for ailments. I am always
glad to get them and expect to make
use of most of them, as I am filing
them for future reference. In sev-
eral letters I have received are ex-
pressions such as this: "I know of
some good patent medicines, but
since you are down on them you would
not want to hear about them."

Listen. Are you "down on" the
weeds in your garden? Are you "down
on" the lice on your chickens? Are
you "down on" the root-worm in your
corn? No, you are not "down on"
them. You have studied them and
their methods and you know that
they lower the vitality and useful-
ness of the crop. Just so, one of my
purposes in spending those years of
study of domestic science was to gain
a knowledge of the body and the
healthfulness or harmfulness of those
things which affect it, as the farmer
studies those things which affect his
crop. In advertising against the use
of them I am not "down on" them. I
simply recognize their harm as any-
one may do if she cares to read the
literature published by the United
State. Government and the American
Medical Association.

We all recognize the fact that there
is no known drug that will be "sooth-
ing syrup" to the baby except one
which temporarily paralyzes the
brain. We know that the headache
medicines are heart depressants, and
so on through the list. It does not
take much thought to realize that
with each succeeding dose the body
reacts less and less— but how many

have not taken the time to think?

Nor are the patent medicines the
only ones that harm. Turpentine and
sweet spirits of nitre are exceed-
ingly hard on the kidneys. A physi-
cian might have given them to Mrs.
Smith, who recommends them so
highly to you, but he who had made
medicine a study would never in the
world have though of letting you take
them, because your kidneys were not
strong enough for the extra strain.
"But," I hear someone say, "what is
in it is on the outside of the bottle."
Next time you go to town buy the
published ingredients instead of the
medicine and see the result. If by
any chance you should get a similar
result — which you will not — you will
find that paying retail prices, you can
make quarts for the price of a bottle
of the stuff. All the large patent med-
icine makers of whom I know have
grown exceedingly wealthy with dol-
lars from the pockets of country peo-
ple.

The point is, let us pay our money
to the physician who knows us and
gives us the results of knowledge in
return for our dollars, but let us also
realize that God gave us the finest
medicines in the world free, air and
water and sunshine, and the oppor-
tunity to study foods, and the intelli-
gence to get them pure and whole-
some, well cooked and well balanced.
Hard work does not kill; hard living
does. Hard living means using the
body badly. Three meals of pig meat
or food cooked in it mean lessened
health and energy; three meals of
pure milk and fresh fruit are good
and medicine and mean increased
health and energy.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

121

FREIGHT RATES AND THE REAL ISSUE

On an average, for every death dur-
ing a year, there are two persons sick
throughout the year. Over 40 per
cent of all our deaths are either pre-
ventable or postponable. Therefore, of
our 40,000 North Carolinians who
were last year swept into the great
beyond, something like 16,000 should
be with us today.

No, it is not God's will that we
should let all these our brethren die
needless deaths. Don't blame it on
the Almighty. We are our brother's
keeper. He has given us ample
means of stamping out preventable
disease, but we don't use them. It is
up to us.

We might as well admit the facts.
Here they are: 16,000 North Carolin-
ians are being sacrificed annually on
the altar of ignorance and lethargy.
Within the memory of some of us,
common laborers were bought and
sold for from 750 to $1,500 apiece.
May we assume that the average value
of these 16,000 of our loved ones is
$1,700 each, or a total of over $27,-
000,000? That is a tremendous loss
to our State — a heavy drain on our
State's wealth.

We have 80,000 North Carolinians
sick the year around. Half of this
sickness is preventable. That leaves
our needless sick loss at 40,000 for
their entire time. Assuming that one-
third of our sick are in the earning or
productive period of life and earn on

an average only $700 a year, we have,
therefore, 13,300 times 700 or over $9,-
000,000. Add $9,000,000 more for med-
icine, nursing, and special fond, and
we have over $18,000,000 as our an-
nual loss from sickness. This makes
a total annual loss to North Carolina
of $18,000,000 plus $27,000,000, or over
$45,000,000 annually.

Talk about conservation of national
resources — here's the greatest oppor-
tunity open for us today. No other
opportunity will compare with it.

When it is estimated that our State
loses as much as $5,000,000 annually in
excessive freight rates, we hold con-
ventions and conferences, we organ-
ize and call extra sessions of the Legis-
lature; but when we lose $45,000,000
worth of our best North Carolina citi-
zenship no one gets excited, no one
talks of an extra session. Why? The
main trouble is that most of us don't
know that we are suffering a loss of
$45,000,000 annually. Many of us that
do know it don't know that the loss is
preventable. When we once recognize
that this $45,000,000 is a preventable
loss and can be stopped, we will take
up the main issue. We will begin
public health work in earnest. As
it is now, there is practically no public
health work done in over 85 per cent
of the counties. The only work done
there is what the State Board of
Health can do through its health liter-
ature, lectures, and various campaigns.

CHRONIC CONSTIPATION

What it Does, Hov^^ We Acquire it, and the Rational Way to Treat It

D. H. Kress, M.D., in October Life and Health.

Chronic constipation exists to an
alarming extent among all highly civ-
ilized peoples. It is, in fact, the prod-

uct of high civilization. It does not
prevail among animals or among sav-
ages, whose habits are natural.

122

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

We have not appreciated in the past
the relation constipation sustains to
many of the diseases of a chronic
or constitutional nature. Diseases of
degeneracy, which have been ascribed
to various causes, we now know are
due chiefly to the toxins absorbed
from the colon as a result of consti-
pation.

From cases which have come under
my observation during the past few
years, I have been led to recognize
constipation as the chief causative
factor where insomnia, thickly coated
tongue, bad breath and high blood
pressure are present, when a specific
origin is excluded, and when no his-
tory of the free use of tobacco or
other toxic substances exists. In fact,
I have concluded that it is not the
excessive use of meats, tea, coffee,
tobacco, etc., that is wholly responsi-
ble for arteriosclerosis, but toxins
of a more injurious and subtle na-
ture developed in the alimentary
canal, and especially in the colon.

These poisons are likely to be
formed as a result of the prolonged
retention of waste substances which
readily undergo decay. Not only do
meats, tea, coffee, pepper and mus-
tard tend to bring about these de-
generative changes by the toxins they
contain, but they favor constipation
and the formation of poisons even
more injurious. In chronic constipa-
tion we have probably the chief factor
of degenerate arteries, heart, liver,
kidneys, thyroid glands, and other
glands of the body. There is strong
reason to believe that it is largely
responsible for the rapid increase in
the mortality rate from heart failure,
apoplexy, diabetes, and Bright's dis-
ease. In diabetes and Bright's dis-
ease there practically always exists
a history of constipation.

There are many annoying disorder^
of every-day life, among which may

be mentioned dyspepsia,, i headaches,
drowsiness, melancholia, insanity,
which may be due to chronic consti-
pation. Appendicitis seldom occurs in
a person whose bowels are regular.
From the prolonged retention of the
easily putrefying wastes, a diseased
condition of the mucous membrane
of the cecum results. This latter ex-
tends into the mouth of the appendix,
and an inflammatory condition is es-
tablished. There is a probability that
cancer is in some cases traceable to
the toxins absorbed from a stagnant
colon.

It would be difficult to conceive of
anything more defiling to the body
than the decay within it of fish, oys-
ters, rabbits, cheese, and other pro-
tein foods, and the absorption of the
resulting impurities and poisons.
Cells bathed in such a liquid become
diseased.

A blocked-up city sewer is recog-
ni ed as a source of danger and is not
tolerated, but here we have a condi-
tion that is very much more offensive
and dangerous, and yet very little se-
rious thought is given to it.

Over thirty per cent of the pres-
ent mortality is ascribed to this
cause by Prof. Eli Metchnikoff, who
has made a careful study of the
influence of these poisons on the hu-
man body, and who believes this to
be the chief cause of early degener-
acy and premature old age. His con-
tention is that by preventing the form-
ation of these alimentary toxins, man
might be at his best at eighty years,
be still active at one hundred and
twenty, and live to the age of one
hundred and forty. He has been
driven to some conclusions which
r^ay seem almost absurd, and yet,
reasoning from his viewpoint, they
are logical and conclusive.

Chronic constipation is more com-
mon than is supposed. In extreme

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

123

cases tht/e exists a movement once
in two or three days, and in excep-
tional cases evacuation of the bowels
occurs only once a week.

A natural evacuation of the bowels
once in twenty-four hours is consid-
ered a normal condition. This is a
misconception. One evacuation a
day is not sufficient. A bowel move-
ment should be secured at least twice
a day, or, better still, after each reg-
ular meal, in order to safeguard
against putrefaction, and the absorp-
tion of toxins from the colon.

It is surprising how easily this
habit may be established and main-
tained. When once established, the
desire naturally recurs after each
meal, for the ingestion of food into
the stomach sets up a peristaltic wave
which travels along the entire alimen-
tary tract. In fact, it is less difficult
to evacuate the bowels twice daily than
once daily. Where but one movement
occurs daily, the moisture is absorbed
from the feces, and a plug forms in
the rectum. The contact of this hard
mass benumbs and destroys the sen-
sitiveness of the parts. The rectum
having been restored to a normal con-
dition the desire to defecate occurs
as soon as feces reach it. The stools
are never hard, the consistency being
practically the same all the time.

The best time to evacuate the bow-
els is shortly after regular meals.
The taking of food on an empty stom-
ach is a most powerful stimulus to
the motor activity of the colon.

During meal-time the contents of the
colon make more progress than dur-
ing four hours preceding the meal.
It is quite important that the stomach
be empty before introducing food.
Frequent meals and eating between
meals do not impart this stimulus
and hence tend to cause constipation.
Regularity of meals, at all events, is
a necessity in overcoming this condi-

tion. The same regularity should be
established in securing bowel evacu-
ations.

The establishment of a right habit
is as effective in getting rid of consti-
pation as the establishment of irregu-
larity is in its causation. It is neces-
sary, therefore, to have a stated time
to go to stool.

If success does not attend the ef-
fort the first week or even the first
two weeks, the thing to do is to keep
up the practice. A little assistance
may be given by the injection of a
cupful of cold water, or the introduc-
tion of a suppository; a soft prune
or a date, turned inside out, will
answer for this purpose. While I do
not as a rule recommend laxatives,
in order to establish regularity it
may be well to take a mild laxative
each night before retiring, for a week
or ten days.

Agar-agar is of value. About two
tablespoonfuls soaked in a little hot
water and eaten with apple sauce or
some other stewed or canned fruit
should be taken with the morning
and evening meal. This should be
kept up for at least a month. Agar-
agar may be secured in any drug store.
If the druggist does not have it, he
can procure it, as it is regularly used
in all bacteriological laboratories.

Liquid paraffin is also of value in
very obstinate cases. The dose is one
dessertspoonful twice daily at first.
These preparations can be gradually
given up. The purpose of their use
is to establish regularity and the
formation of a correct habit.

The food is of the greatest impor-
tance. Foods which tend to consti-
pate should be given up. Meats
should be used moderately, if at all;
it is better to give them up all to-
gether. Tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate,
pepper, mustard, and other substances
which cause constipation, should be

124

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

abandoned. The tannin extracted in
st3eping tea is especially bad.

Laxative foods are of value. Among
these may be mentioned bran crack-
ers, whole-wheat or Graham breads,
shredded wheat biscuits, whole-wheat
biscuits, puffed wheat, etc.

The following vegetables are valua-
ble: parsnips, carrots, turnips, spin-
ach, raw vegetable oysters, cabbage,
etc.

The sweet fruits are all laxative.
Prunes, figs, dates, etc., are of value.

In the use of the foregidng foods,
care must be exercised in their com-
bination.

In cases where irritability of the
stomach exists, with an excess of gas-

tric juice, the above foods should be
used sparingly; and where the condi-
tion borders on ulceration, they
should be entirely avoided until im-
provement occurs.

The agar-agar and paraflBn are es-
pecially helpful in these cases. Agar-
agar supplies the bulk, but is nonirri-
tating, while the parafBn is a splendid
lubricant.

Where digestion is slow and the
gastric juice diminished, the foods
referred to are indicated.

There are local and general treat-
ments and exercises which are great
aids in overcoming constipation, but
diet alone will accomplish marvelous
results if persevered in.

CHEAPER SANITATION

One thing in North Carolina sani-
tation stands head and shoulders
above everything else when it comes
to getting the greatset results for the
least money. It is the entire solution
of the hookworm problem, the solu-
tion of over half the typhoid fever
problem, a great share of the problem
of so-called "summer complaint," and
a big factor in the fly problem. It is
nothing more or less than the adop-
tion of the sanitary privy everywhere,
where access cannot be had to sewers.

It is an easy thing to show any
intelligent person or board of alder-
men that the lack of sanitary privies
is the cause of the continuation of
all our hookworm disease, half our
typhoid, and much of our diarrhceal
diseases, to say nothing about flies.
However, when you tell such a per-
son or board that a sanitary privy
made of iron, wood and concrete
costs upwards of $25, you give them
cold feet, and of course no such privy
is built. We now know that it costs

no more to build a sanitary privy
than it formerly cost to build an in-
sanitary one. If the individual has
to furnish the cans it will cost him
some 50 cents or sixty cents extra
for each can, where he used to have
to pay $1 or more. For cities and
towns it is recommended that munic-
ipalities own and clean the cans.

The State Board of Health is now
securing proposals from several can
manufacturers for prices on stand-
ard privy cans. Of course, the Board
cannot advertise any one make of can
to the exclusion of others, but it ap-
pears that one or two manufacturers
are able to make standard cans meet-
ing the specifications laid down by
the State Board of Health for between
one-half and two-thirds the price for-
merly charged, when bought in lots
of 100 or more. By addressing the
Board interested parties may secure
the benefit of the best proposals re-
ceived by the Board for such cans.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

125

WHAT IS THE MATTER WITH YOUR STOMACH?

Samuel Hopkins Adams, in the Ladies' Home Journal.

The American stomach is a gener-
ally condemned organ. We tend to
hold it criminally responsible for all
our lesser ills. Nearly half of all
medical advertising is aimed at the
stomach. As a matter of fact our di-
gestion is as sound as any of our func-
tions. The trouble isn't with our
stomachs. It is with our heads. We
lack common sense about our proces-
ses of nourishment. Nine-tenths of
the digestive disorders which lead to
the doctor's office or to the hospital
are not only preventable and avoida-
ble, but, medically speaking, they are
inexcusable. In other words, almost
all of our troubles of this sort are due
to our own stupidity.

"The average man," says a noted
authority, "never considers his stom-
ach until it fairly yells for help."

Now the human stomach is a bag,
equipped with nerves and supplied
with gastric juice which serves to di-
gest food. It is not an absolutely es-
sential portion of the anatomy. Peo-
ple get on very well and comfortably
with half a stomach or a third, or
even a fourth; and, at a pinch may
live without any at all, the small in-
testine making shift to do the work
of digestion. But normally the stom-
ach is there to receive food, digest
it, extract from it the energy neces-
sary for the running of the human
machine, and pass the residue on to
the intestines for disposal. The pro-
cesses are highly intricate in detail
and, in some phases, still mysterious
(nobody can tell, for example, why
the stomach doesn't digest and de-
stroy itself) ; but, in normal condi-
tions, they are carried on so capably
and quietly that the body is no more
awara of them than of the circula-
tion of the blood. When we become

conscious of our digestion it is be-
cause something is wrong with it.

MIND WHAT YOUR STOMACH TELLS YOU ABOUT
FOOD

Every stomach has its little eccen-
tricities and inhibitions. This one
says: "I cannot digest salt fish."
Another warns: "Don't give me pre-
served strawberries, for I won't have
them." A third ordains: "Anything
but honey." Or bananas. Or smoked
meat. And so on. There is but one
rule to cover all these cases: Mind
what your stomach tells you; it
knows best.

In a broad general sense it may be
said that we pamper ourselves too
much in the matter of food. Over re-
finement is a prevalent fault. We eat
too much delicately prepared and
highly seasoned food and too little
coarse and simple food. Processes of
preparation sometimes devitalize our
viands. Certain nourishing qualities
are polished out of the shining white
rice which we get exclusively. Our
oatmeals are refined down to a point
where only half of their value is left.
And the white flour which is so gen-
erally used lacks certain essential at-
tributes. Whole-wheat bread is given
only medicinally nowadays, yet whole-
wheat flour is the natural flour, and
if it were in common use a majority
of those who depend upon laxatives
to aid their digestive processes could
cast away those noxious drugs.

The same is true of uncooked fruits
and vegetables. A considerable por-
tion of the virtue of our vegetable
foods goes up the kitchen chimney.

How many people come back from
a vacation in the wilds feeling as if
they had acquired a brand-new diges-
tion and talking enthusiastically

126

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

about the tonic effect of mountain or
forest air! Doubtless the air helped
in the matter of general condition.
But as people don't feed on the atmos-
phere to any great extent it hasn't
much immediate effect upon the stom-
ach. What reconstitutes the camper's
interior is the fact that he eats plain
food, simply prepared, and gets exer-
cise enough to make him digest prop-
erly. It may sound like heresy, but
it Is a fact that it doesn't really mat-
ter greatly what we eat — in condi-
tions of sound health, that is. S -me
food is better than others, but most
of it is pretty good. The healthy
stomach is willing and able to take
care of any reasonable article which
is sent down to it. Only when it
is impaired does the owner need to
give much thought to diet. In fact,
to be continually worrying over the
stomach, to exclude this article of
food lest it be indigestible, and to
eschew that because it might "dis-
agree," to be continually narrowing
down the appetite — all this worries
the stomach and makes it unhappy.

A specialist of wide experience and
a somewhat unconventional habit of
thought suggests the following rules
to be framed and hung in every din-
ing room:

Eat what you want, and all you
want of it, but not more.

Don't eat when you're not hungry,
just because it's meal-time.

Take your time over it.

Remember that enjoyment of food
is the best of known digestives.

WHAT IS INDIGESTION?

Most familiar to the physician of
all forms of complaining is this:
"Doctor, my digestion is bad." In
perhaps half the instances the re-
verse is true. The patient's digestion
is not bad; it is good. In fact, it is
too good. OverefBciency is what
causes the difficulty. The stomach,

stimulated into overwork, produces
too great a flow of gastric juice, and
a condition of hyperacidity results,
causing the familiar "sour stomach,"
with uneasiness, fullness* and ■ some-
times pain. It may arise from causes
not connected with food, such as
overindulgence in smoking or alco-
hol, or continued nervousness. In
the early stages it is readily corrected
by adjustment of habit and diet, and
by rest, particularly after eating.
Once fixed it is ugly and obstinate.
But the stomach always gives warn-
ing of its onset, and the man who
allows himself to fall into this condi-
tion has only himself to blame for it.
One absolutely and universally in-
digestible thing there is. All author-
ities agree upon this. It is worry.
No stomach can do anything with
it. The stomach is simply incapaci-
tated from doing its work properly
when the mind is harassed. Far
more digestions are ruined by mental
than by physical causes.

"Hurry and worry are the twin
curses of the twentieth century
stomach," one physician put the mat-
ter, "and worry is the worse of the
two. Give me a man who has sys-
tematically lived on the poorest and
most indigestible food, but has eaten
it with a mind free of taint, and I'll
take his case with far more confi-
dence than that of the most carefully
nurtured person who regularly
brings a harassfccl spirit to the dinner-
table. There is a good deal of truth
in Stevenson's picturesque reference
to the dining-room as the battlefield
upon whi3h most of our ancestors
have left their bones; but it wasn't
the flesh that they ate, but the spirit
in which they ate it that killed them
before their time. The most difficult
lesson I have to teach my patients is
that the stomach is a highly imagina-
tive piece of mechanism; largely gov-

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

127

erned by the mind. Under the wrong
nervous stimulus it will either quit
work entirely or race like the lifted
screw of an ocean liner. But the
typical patient declines to be im-
pressed by this, and demands drugs
and treatments and training to do the
work which his own mind could do
with a little determined effort."

Because of their specious prnmises
of immediate relief the "patent med-
icines" secure many patrons from
among the hopefully credulous. Usu-
ally these pills and powders are ca-
thartics. Their use, continued, soon
establishes a hold upon the trustful
believer in their virtues.

Probably the cathartic habit is the
■ most widely prevalent addiction in the
United States today. Comparatively
harmless in the early stages of use,
these drugs create a demand for a con-
stantly increased dosage, as the sys-
tem becomes habituated to them, un-
til at length the victim finds himself
a slave to them. The ordinary pro-
cesses of Nature become paralyzed
without them. Then, as he repeatedly
lashes his intestines into action by
this means, an irritation is set up
which has serious and far-reaching
results. Fully one-third of the cases
of obstinate constipation which come
to the specialist show a history of
cathartic habit.

"The worst of all common errors,"
says an expert, "is to overload the
stomach and then appeal to purging
drugs to carry off the surplus."

A certain "patent medicine" fosters
this serious error by advertising that
a person can digest anything by tak-
ing the pills regularly. This is the
kind of advice which makes dyspep-
tics. As a matter of fact not one per-
son out of a hundred would need lax-
ative medicines if ordinary care
were taught from childhood. The
stomach and bowels are very much

creatures of habit, and it is really
easier to maintain them in good hab-
its, which are natural to them, than
to teach them bad ones.

Torpid bowel action, the common-
est of complaints, is almost invari-
ably due to neglect and carelessness,
and to thac alone. Even when it be-
comes fixed it can generally be cured,
by patient attention, without recourse
to drugs.

Liberal amounts of water, either
hot or cold, immediately upon rising,
followed by a hearty breakfast in-
cluding stewed or raw fruits and
whole-wheat bread, will be found
more efficacious than any of the
widely advertised nostrums.

COMMON-SENSE RULES FOR DIGESTION

To set forth comprehensively rules
for restoring to health a deranged di-
gestive system would more than fill
this magazine. To set forth rules for
preserving in health a sound stom-
ach is a short and simple matter. The
following represents a concensus of
advice given by leading authorities
on gastric and intestinal ailments:

Eat well-selected, well-prepared
food, the simpler the better, chewed
thoroughly with sound and clean
teeth.

Eat it deliberately; never bolt
your good.

Don't be a faddist; whatever you
like is good for you in moderation.

Use tobacco and alcohol moderately
if at all, but remember that they are
irritants even in the smallest quan-
tities.

Shun cathartics and laxative drugs.
Obey the natural orders of your
stomach and intestines.

Don't harry and shock your stom-
ach with iced concoctions.

Never eat when very tired or un-
der emotional or nervous stress.

Above all, don't mix work or worry
with your meals.

128

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

The man or woman who follows time; but at least, for that one, death

these primary regulations will still will not be hastened nor life poisoned

have left a reasonable range of ills b/ the too common torments of indi-

from which to die in the fullness of gestion and dyspepsia.

BRICKBATS AND BOQUETS

Last month several changes were
made in the Health Bulletin. At
the same time we offered our readers
a "come back" in this issue of the
Bulletin in order to find out how
they liked the changes. It was
planned to head the department
"Brickbats and Bouquets," but so far
the department lacks the variety we
had hoped it would have. We are
anxious to have some good stiff con-
structive criticisms. It won't hurt
our feelings. We simply want to
know how to make the Bulletin more
valuable to our readers.

Here is what a few of our readers
said:

"I congratulate you on the "tiurrent
issue of the Bulletin. I wish you to
send me 200 copies if available and
place the following names on the
mailing list. * * *

"J. Howell Way,
''President State Board of Health."

"Many thanks for the Health Bul-
letin. It is fine.

"Anna Steese Richardson,
''Woman's Home Companion."
"1 have just run through the Sep-
tember Bulletin. I didn't know who

was editing it until I reached the
last word. If power to interest and
instruct makes good editing, my ex-
perience with this number is evi-
dence that you are a success from the
start.

"You and Rankin are engaged in
the most useful business that I know
of. J. W. Bailey,

"Collector Internal Revenue."

"The September issue of the Bulle-
tin is jusy 'bully.' Keep at it. You
are on the right track. The brevities
are fine; the 'Brickbats and Bouquets'
I am sure will be popular.

"Geo. a. Wood,
"Nazareth Catholic Orphanage."

"I think the September Bulletin
is excellent. I have enjoyed it thor-
oughly. Dr. Wm. S. Jordan."

"I am very much interested in your
monthly Health Bulletin. This
month's issue is very good. I have
often wished that everybody in the
State could read it each month.

"Geo. Y. Watson."

"I certainly did enjoy reading your
last Bulletin — the September num-
ber. B. F. Montague."

When a thing reaches the point of
becoming a problem, there is hope. It
is the utter indifference to the serious-
ness of the health situation that has
made the death rate so high and the
life interest so low. When men made
public the appalling waste of life, the
public made assault upon them for
their "unpatriotic" exposure of home

conditions. Health reformers have
to fight their way, as every other re-
former has had to do, and it is now ac-
cepted that the so-called "fancy dis-
eases" are not fanciful and that pre-
vention of more than half the deaths
should be easy.— W. T. Bost in The
News and Observer.

SANATORIUM SPECIAL

1 This Bulklinwillbe -sent free to arxg citizerN of the Stcrte upo a request j

Published monthly at the office of the Secretary of the Board, Raleigh, N. C.
Entered as second-class matter at Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, under Act of July 16, 1894

ol. XXVIII.

NOVEMBER, 1913.

No 8.

"Public health is purchasable. Within natural limitations
a community can determine its own death rate. "

CONTENTS

•'Mechanical Fakes": The Electropoise— Oxypathor 132

Yadkin County Decides to Spend $200 a Year on Health 134

A Girl's Encouragement 135

Typhoid Vaccine Free I35

Mental Hygiene Conference and Exhibit Coming 136

Charlotte's Campaign against Typhoid I37

The Death Rates of Wilmington I37

Mr. Mayor : This for You I39

The State Sanatorium 141

(a) State Tuberculosis Policy 141

(b) The Cost of This Policy I43

(d ) Location of Sanatorium I45

(e) Site of Sanatorium I45

(f) Equipment of Sanatorium I45

Sanatorium Staff -^M

(a) Dr. Wilson Pendleton I47

(b) What Others Say of Dr. Pendleton 147

>
m •

I PUBLI5ME-D BY TM^ noR.TA CAI^OLIMA 5TATL BOAgP °^MEALTM

J. Howell Wat, M.D., President, Waynesville
Richard H. Lewis, M.D., Raleigh.
J. L. Ludlow, C.E., Winston-Salem.
W. O. Spencer, M.D., Winston-Salem.
Thoma.s E. Anderson, M.D., Statesville.

Charles O'H. Laughinghodse , M.D.

Greenville.
Edward J. Wood, M.D., Wilmington.
A. A. Kent, M.D., Lenoir.
Cyrus Thomp.son, M.D., Jacksonville.

W. S. Rankin, M.D., Secretary and Treasurer, Raleigh.

Vol. XXVIII.

NOVEMBER, 1913.

No. 8.

"MECHANICAL FAKES *'

The Electropoise -- Oxydonor -- Oxygenor -- Oxygenator
Oxypathor -- Oxytonor.

"It is sometimes hard to decide
wtiich. is the greater — the impudence
of the quack or the credulity of his
victims. The comparative ease with
which the medical faker is able, by
the most preposterous claims, to sep-
arate the trusting from their money
indicates the enormous potentialities
in advertising. It might be supposed
that an individual who set out to sell,
as a panacea for all the ills of the flesh,
a piece of brass pipe with one or two
wires attached to it, would, commer-
cially speaking, have a hard and rocky
road before him. But such a suppo-
sition would be incorrect. Not only
would the enterprising faker find cus-
tomers for his gas pipe, but there
would be such a demand for this most
inane of 'therapeutic' devices that two
or three imitators would immediately
enter the market."

Sanche's Inventions.

The American Medical Association's
expose tells how one Hercules Sanche,
self-styled "Discoverer of the Laws of
Spontaneous Cure of Disease," became
the original exploiter of mechanical
fakes. "Sanche's first and simplest

gas pipe cure device he called the Elec-
tropoise."

The shrewd Sanche realized that, in
order to patent his device and at the
same time prevent physicists and
chemists and other scientists apply-
ing laboratory tests to the device and
exposing it as without any known
physical, chemical or other influence,
it would be necessary for him to
"discover" and attribute to his gas pipe
cure some hitherto and thereafter un-
recognizable power; so he said that
the instrument rendered the body oxy-
gen positive; that is, that it made the
body absorb larger quantities of oxy-
gen. He later named this newly "dis-
covered" power "Diaduction." Oh,
you needn't look in the dictionary;
the word isn't in it. No one, Sanche
argued, "had ever realized before that
by attaching a piece of nickel-plated
brass tubing to the body by means of a
flexible cord the system could be made
to absorb oxygen."

Of Diaduction Mr. Justice Shiras, of
the United States Supreme Court, says:
"I am entirely certain that I do not
understand the working of this so-
called force, if any such exists, and I

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

133

greatly doubt whether Dr. Sanche has
any clear conception of the force or
principle which he seeks to describe
under the name of 'Diaduction.' "

Other judges have said: "From the
record evidence we have tried to get
some intelligent idea of 'diaduction.'
We have failed utterly."

And again: [The theory] "is a mere
pretense, that is to say, a theory not
entertained by the inventor in good
faith, but put forward as an imaginary
hypothesis merely for the purpose of
obtaining a patent on a very simple
contrivance, which was not patentable
unless the claim was reinforced by
some such pretended discovery."

The Progeny of the Electropoise.

From Sanche's original idea, em-
bodied in the Electropoise, there de-
scended the whole family of "Mechani-
cal Fakes," to wit: The Oxydonor,
Oxygenor, Oxygenator, Oxypathor, and
Oxytonor.

The members of this family bear well
marked family resemblances. They all
consist of nickel-plated metal tubes
with closed ends. To this tube is at-
tached one or more flexible cords,
which end in a strap to be buckled or
attached to some part of the body. The
Electropoise was empty ; the Oxydonor
contained a stick of carbon; the Oxy-
genor contained sulphur, sand, and
charcoal; the sulphur and sand to-
gether comprising 97 per cent of the
whole. The Oxygenator also called
the Oxypathor, according to the Lab-
oratory of the University of Vermont,
"is filled with a black powder, which
analysis disclosed to be a crude mix-
ture of inert substances, apparently
the waste or by-product of a manufac-
turing plant. * * * The powder is
a rough mixture of iron filings, clayey
material, and a dark-colored carbon-
aceous mass, * * * apparently nothing
more than coke dust or carbon-black."

The family resemblance is again ap-
parent in the claims as to their mode
of action. They are all claimed to act
by "diaduction," or by causing the body
to absorb oxygen. They claim also
to cure practically all diseases, with
the exception of cancer and tumor and
far advanced consumption. The ex-
ception made is probably for the pur-
pose of avoiding prosecution under the
federal law that prohibits a consider-
able amount of fake cancer cure ad-
vertisements.

The Oxypathor.

According to "Nostrums and Quack-
ery" it would seem that the Oxypathor
is the youngest member of the family
group or the last alias adopted by
Sanche's original idea.

"In many ways," says Nostrums and
Quackery, "this last type of gas-pipe
cure is the worst, inasmuch as claims
are made for it that are not only ab-
surd but dangerous. For instance:

'Diphtheria: This overwhelming
child's disease finds its supreme master
in the Oxygenator. No earthly power
except the Oxygenator can take the
slowly choking child and with speed,
simplicity and safety bring it back to
health.

'Don't jeopardize the health and life
of your children by allowing to be in-
jected into their veins and blood the
often fearfully contaminated and death-
dealing serum of an animal, otherwise
known as antitoxin.'

"It is difficult to restrain one's indig-
nation at the thought that such vici-
ously cruel lies as these are permitted
to be scajttered broadcast. Let the
neurotic and neurasthenic adult, if he
can convince himself that a nickel-
plated piece of gas-pipe possesses
curative properties, experiment with it
on his own person if he wishes. But
that a helpless child in the throes of a
fearfully dangerous — and yet, rightly

134

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

treated, curable — disease, should l:e al-
lowed to suffer and die because ig-
norant parents have been persuaded
to reiy on these mechanical frauds, is
no less than criminal. As for the
miserable harpies who for a few filthy
dollars will write such cold-blooded
untruths as those quoted above, the
safety of society demands that they
be put where they can do no further
harm."

"The State Board of Health of Ver-
mont declared the Oxygenator to be
'physically and therapeutically inert'
and prohibited the sale of the fraud."

Summary.

"To sum up: The 'Electropoise,' the
'Oxydonor,' the 'Oxygenor,' the 'Oxy-
genator (or 'Oxypathor') and the 'Oxy-
tonor' are utterly worthless except as

a means of enriching their exploiters.
Their therapeutic value, aside from
the element of suggestion that may be
induced in those who are willing to
pay from ten to thirty dollars for a
piece of nickel-plated tubing, is abso-
lutely nil. As already said, if adults
wish to squander their money on such
foolishness and are content to con-
fine the 'treatment' to their own per-
sons, well and good. If they have noth-
ing much the matter with them they
may believe they have received benefit;
if they are dangerously ill, Nature will
probably exterminate them as unfit.
But let no person try to 'cure' the
helpless child with such frauds; as
soon as that is attempted, such an in-
dividual ceases to be a harn?less idiot
and becomes a dangerous one."

YADKIN COUNTY DECIDES TO SPEND
$200 A YEAR ON HEALTH.

This is going some, isn't it? A phy-
sician of that county writes: "Our
Board of Health lets everything take
care of itself. We are now having
scarlet fever in several portions of the
county and 'not a one' has been quar-
antined. Our Board of Health met
the first Monday in October and elected
Dr. S. L. Russell for one year at the
extravagant salary of $200. So you
see we will have everything quaran-
tined and fumigated. (He is to fur-
nish all disinfectants)."

In Yadkin County there are 16,000
people — men, women and little chil-
dren. Assuming that the average death
rate of the United States t»revails in
that county, there are 250 of these
people who die every year. There is
an amount of sickness equivalent to
750 of the Yadkin folk being in bed the
entire year. 100 of these deaths are
from preventable diseases, and 250 of
the bedridden sick people ought to be
on their feet earning a living for them-

selves and others. 35 of the 100 deaths
are from consumption; there are 100
other active cases of consumption in
the county. There are 8 deaths from
typhoid fever; there are between 80
and 90 other cases of fever every year.
There are 8 or 10 deaths from con-
tagions. 20 babies under two years of
age die in that county every year from
diarrheal diseases, and about 150
other babies are sick from that disease.
Now, evidently these diseases, that
most of the civilized world has re-
garded of a preventable nature, acquire
very peculiar properties when they
break out in Yadkin; they become
wholly unpreventable. Up there man
has no control whatever over these
diseases and therefore no responsi-,,
bility for their occurrence. All thatf
the rest of us can do when the tolkf
die in Yadkin is to extend our sympa- ■
thy, and let the preacher say, "the
Lord giveth and the Lord taketh"; the
county commissioners can't help it.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

135

A GIRL'S ENCOURAGEMENT.

Some days ago the State Board of
Health received a letter asking for an
investigation and an opinion as to the
influence of a swamp on the com-
munit}- in which the writer of the let-
ter lived. The letter indicated such
mature and intelligent interest in
health matters that in our reply we
stated that we would try to make the
investigation at an early date, and at
that time to meet and advise with the

writer and other authorities of

in regard to the proper treatment of
the ponds. In reply to our letter the
writer of the initial letter among other

things said: "I am only a girl. Dr.
Rankin, and I don't know that I would
be of any help to your representative."
This letter is one of the most encour-
aging that we have received in some
time; it indicates the interest of the
younger generation, and what they are
going to do when a few more years
give them some control in civic mat-
ters. It has been a long time since
the State Board of Health received a
request that it will more gladly com-
ply with than this one from "only a
girl."

TYPHOID VACCINE FREE.

The State Laboratory of Hygiene an-
nounces that it is now ready to dis-
tribute, on request, typhoid vaccine
free to the citizens of North Carolina.
The Laboratory trusts that only those
citizens who expect to use it will re-
quest the vaccine, but the Laboratory
is very anxious that as many of our
citizens be persuaded to take advantage
of the State free vaccine as it is pos-
sible for our influence to reach.

Now do not get the idea, because we
are giving the vaccine away, because
it will cost you nothing, my fellow
citizen, that it is without value. Vac-
cination against typhoid fever has
passed all the tests of science and prac-
tice and has won as permanent a place
among sanitarians as vaccination
against smallpox.

In a very thorough review of the re-
sults of anti-typhoid vaccination in the
Journal of the American Medical As-
sociation, under date of August 30,
1913, Major Frederick F. Russell, of
the medical corps of the United States
Army, presents such convincing facts

and figures as to leave this question
of vaccination against typhoid fever no
longer a matter of opinion. In the
last four years over 200,000 people have
been vaccinated against typhoid fever;
no bad effects from the vaccination
have occurred. Among the 85,000 vac-
cinated men in the United States Army,
located at different posts in the United
States and her colonies, there has not
been a single case of typhoid fever
since December 6th, of last year.
There have been fewer cases of typhoid
fever among the vaccinated soldiers
than cases of smallpox among the sol-
diers vaccinated against smallpox. The
opinion among sanitarians at present
is that typhoid vaccination is as effec-
tive as smallpox vaccination.

The vaccine is in liquid form and is
administered hypodermically, being in-
jected either into the outer side of the
arm or into the tissues of the breast.
The discomfort— because we can not
call it pain— of the injection is prac-
tically the same as the injection of
various forms of medicine. Any doc-

136

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

tor can administer the vaccine. The
vaccine is in three doses, which have
to be given on three separate days, five
daj^s apart. In from ten to fifteen per
cent of the cases there is slight swell-
ing and redness, and a little pain about
the Injection lasting for a day or so;
associated with these local symptoms
is usually a slight feeling of indisposi-
tion, vague, dull aches similar to the
preliminary symptoms of a cold, and,
maybe, from a half to a degree of fever.
The second injection is not nearly so
likely to be followed with these sensa-
tions as the first, and the third injec-
tion still less likely than the second
to be associated with unpleasant sensa-
tions. The protective power of typhoid
vaccine lasts for four years. The pro-
tective power not only protects against
the contraction of the disease but, in
those exceptional cases where the dis-
ease is contracted, protects to a con-
siderable extent against a fatal out-
come, a kind of double protection.

The State Board of Health enter-
tains the hope that those counties em-
ploying whole time health officers will
have their officer arrange certain
dates in the county, town or other con-
venient places for citizens to visit,
where any citizen in the county can
be vaccinated, without cost, either for
typhoid fever or for smallpox. If the
health of the human animals of the
counties are worth anything from a
purely economical standpoint in the
production of cotton and corn and
wheat and meat, thereby increasing
the value of land, and by all this add-
ing to the wealth of the county treas-
ury through the taxes that are levied,
it would seem to be a very fine piece
of business for the owners of this pro-
ductive source of wealth, for the county
government, particularly the county
commissioners, to spend the small sum
necessary for this free public vaccina-
tion in the maintenance of their human
machinery.

MENTAL HYGIENE CONFERENCE AND EXHIBIT COMING

A great treat is in store for North
Carolina teachers and others inter-
ested in Mental Hygiene and the bet-
terment of the race. Through the ini-
tiative, generosity, energy, and fore-
thought of Dr. Albert Anderson, Super-
intendent of the State Hospital at Ral-
eigh, arrangements have been made to
have a Mental Hygiene exhibit and
conference at the Raleigh Auditorium
from November 28 to December 5th.
This is the same exhibit which attract-
ed so much attention at the Interna-
tional Congress on Hygiene and De-
mography at Washington last year.
The exhibit is free and the public is
cordially invited. Demonstrators and
attendants will be on hand to expL-iin
everything connected with it. It will
undoubtedly be one of the best exhibits
ever given in North Carolina. It will

mean a tremendous uplift all over the
State if several thousands of our teach-
ers and public spirited citizens will
learn the great lesson taught by this
exhibit.

Besides the exhibit, there will be
held North Carolina's first conference
on Mental Hygiene. A program is be-
ing arranged for two sessions daily,
afternoon and evening. Some of the
foremost specialists in the country will
lecture on various phases of mental
health. Among others will be Dr.
Adolph Meyers, of Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity; Dr. Wm. A. White, of Wash-
ington, D. C; Dr. James Parrott, of
Kinston, President of North Carolina
Medical Society, and many others of
equal calibre. The daily press will »
make full announcement of the pro
gram later.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

137

CHARLOTTE'S CAMPAIGN AGAINST TYPHOID.

Several weeks ago the City of Char-
lotte elected Dr. R. F. Linebach Assist-
ant Superintendent of Health, and dele-
gated to him the work of preventing
disease. Doctor Linebach seems to
have definite Ideas as to his work; his
campaign in attacking preventable dis-
eases suggests the idea of selecting
one specific thing and going after that,
and then taking something else. We
like this. There is entirely too much
diffusion in planning health work, and
we sometimes think the plans of health
officers might be made a little less
vague and a little more definite.

Doctor Linebach has selected typhoid
fever as the first disease with which
he will deal; he has made an interest-
ing study of the typhoid problem of
Charlotte; his investigation has shown

that 74 per cent of the typhoid fever
occurring in Charlotte occurs in fam-
ilies using wells, and 90 per cent of the
wells used by these families have been
found polluted. His investigation has
been in line with all other investiga-
tions in finding that the frequency of
typhoid fever is greatest in those wards
with open privies, and less in the
wards that are thoroughly sewered.
Based upon his investigation and find-
ings, considerable pressure is being
brought to bear on the city fathers to
extend their water and sewer mains.
Another important point still under
consideration in the fight against ty-
phoid in Charlotte is the proposition
to close all polluted wells as soon as
their pollution is shown by laboratory
examination.

THE DEATH RATES OF WILMINGTON.

We have been taken to task for never
having referred in the Bulletin to the
death rates of Wilmington. We do not
recall having referred in the Bulletin
to the death rates of any particular
town under the name of the town; we
have used, however, in our effort to
educate public opinion to the point of
enacting a vital statistics law, the
death rates of several towns and cities
in North Carolina under fictitious
names. We have not thought it fair
to call attention in the Bulletin to the
comparative death rates of different
towns and cities when we have felt
reasonably sure that some of the
towns and cities with low rates were
negligent in the complete registration
of their deaths.

This office has been without means
of verifying local death rates until
within the last two months, since

which time we have had an inspector
on the road. We trust that this ex-
planation will satisfy those who seem
to think that we have been negligent
in not having given space already to
the Wilmington death rates.

The death rates of Wilmington are
very interesting and the following
charts are worthy of careful study.
The figures of the charts up to and
including the year 1910 are taken from
the Mortality Statistics, United States
Bureau of the Census, and the figures
since 1910 from the records in the
State Registrar's office.

There is no witness so trustworthy
in the study of the quality of health
work as vital statistics. This witness,
however, must be made to testify in
strict accordance with the prescribed
oath, "to tell the truth, the whole
truth, and nothing but the truth." The

138

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

Year.

1911

1912

1913 (estimated

WILMINGTON. N. C.

General

Diarrheal
^ , . J j _ , , ■ Diseases

Typhoid I Tuberculosis ^ Under Two

Years

Combined
Contagions

The general death rates are per 1,000; the special disease rates per 100,000.

/906

/ 901

/90i

/9»3

/901

/90S

/90(,

ige»

/9oe

./90?

/9IO

/9/f

/9/C.

/»/3

''"^

k^-

h—

—

=—

— =

--^^

—

/ o
-e—

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

139

great trouble with the statistical' wit-
ness is not that the witness fails to
tell the truth and nothing but the truth
(this witness never lies), but that fre-
quently the witness is not given a fair
chance to tell the whole truth.

Attention has been specifically di-
rected to the reduction in Wilmington's
death rates since 1911. Now the charts
show that 1911 was an exceptional
year and not an average year in the
health record of Wilmington. This
question, then, becomes pertinent right
here: Should exceptional years be
used as the standard by which to meas-
ure the efficiency of health work?
Should a health officer, whose admin-
istration began in a year characterized
by exceptionally low rates, rates lower
than for ten years, be discredited be-
cause he gets no reduction or only a
very slight reduction in his rates dur-
ing the first and second years of his
work? Likewise, should a health offi-
cer be credited with the full reduction
of death rates coincident with an ad-
ministration which started during a
year with exceptionally high or epi-
demic rates?

We believe that an average year
should be used as a standard of meas-
urement, and that such a standard is
the only fair measure to be adopted in
judging the quality of health work on
a death rate basis.

If we study the death rate of Wil-
mington from this standpoint, it would
appear that the health work coincident
with the half decade from 1906 to 1910
inclusive, expresses itself in a statisti-
cal drop from a death rate of 25.3,
which was even less than the average
in the preceding five years, to a death
rate in 1910 of 20.8. I submit that this
decline, considered in accordance with
the principles of statistical practice, as
above suggested, is even more credit-
able than the decline since 1911, which
was an exceptional year.

Now, in conclusion, I wish to say
that, notwithstanding that the rates
most frequently quoted in regard to
Wilmington go back only to 1911, and
start, therefore, from an exceptional or
epidemic year as a basis of measure-
ment, we think the decline in death
rates, even during the last few years,
is very satisfactory. We might point
out, however, in this connection, that
there is still much to be accomplished.

The typhoid rates are still three
times the average for the United States.
The diarrheal diseases of children
under two years of age are two and
one-half times the average, and tuber-
culosis is 50 per cent higher than the
average, and finally, the general death
rate for this year, 21.6, is 20 per cent
above the average urban death rate in
the United States.

MR. MAYOR, THIS FOR YOU.

"It is in health that cities grow; in
sunshine that their monuments are
builded. It is in disease that they are
wrecked; in pestilence that effort
ceases and hope dies.

"Therefore, in the not very long ago,
you created a department. You bade it
guard the public health. You gave it
a trust that may not be broken. You

charged it with a vigil that is sacred.

"And you assumed a duty. You
tendered fealty to this, your greatest
department; for had you not bade it
watch over the lives of men and wo-
men and little children.

"Nor creed, nor faith, nor party may
forget." — The Healthologist.

THE STATE SANATORIUM

Under the Management of the State Board of Health— Board

Announces Definite and Comprehensive State PoHcy

for DeaHn^ with Tuberculosis

The management of the State Sana-
torium has been transferred, by legis-
lative enactment of the Special Ses-
sion of the General Assembly, to the
State Board of Health. The transfer
was initiated and engineered by the
former Board of Directors of the In-
stitution. While the State Board of
Health had not asked for the Institu-
tion, the Board very cheerfully accepts
the responsibility of management. We
believe the Institution to be capable
of filling a very real need in the life
of the State, and that it has a very
bright future. The State Sanatorium
will represent a part of a general
policy of the State Board of Health
for dealing with the problem of tuber-
culosis.

State Boards of Health should look
upon tuberculosis as something dis-
tinctive from the general run of pre-
ventable diseases. One-fourth of ca.11
preventable deaths is due to tubercu-
losis. That means that one-fourth of
the opportunity of State Boards of
Health, and other health boards, for
that matter, is tied up in the manage-
ment of the tuberculosis problem.
These considerations are responsible
for the adoption by the State Board of
Health of the following

State Tuberculosis Policy.

The central idea of this policy is
one of education. The educational
scheme will embrace the Sanatorium
as a sort of central school, and a

Bureau of Tuberculosis, to be estab-
lished in connection with the general
health work, as a correspondence
school. The State Sanatorium, by the
first of January, will have a capacity
for 125 patients, which will be suffi-
cient for the treatment of 250 patients
a year, assuming the stay of the aver-
age patient to be six months. In the
Institution these people will be taught
by personal contact, by illustrated lec-
tures, and by the rules of the Institu-
tion how to readjust their lives to
Nature's laws and so secure a new
lease on life, and how to live with
others without infecting them. This
training will be carried back by these
250 patients a year into their communi-
ties and counties, and its influence will
be of great benefit to their fellow suf-
ferers at home who have been unable
to attend the training school.

The Bureau of Tuberculosis will have
reported to it, under the requirements
of a recent enactment, seventy-five or
eighty per cent of all recognizable
cases of tuberculosis in this State.
These people, from 8,000 to 10,000 vic-
tims of the disease, will be matricu-
lated as members of a correspondence
school for tuberculosis. At the head
of this Bureau will be a man who
knows how to write a strong, personal,
appealing letter, — a man of great re-
sourcefulness and tact, and a man
above all with a deep, sincere, altruis-
tic nature. In an unofficious way and

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

143

in a verj' personal way he will seek,
by correspondence, to make the eight
or ten thousand people reported to
the Bureau feel his interest in them;
hy correspondence and by a leaflet or
pamphlet from time to time he will
endeavor to encourage his scattered
school in their work for life, to teach
them how they may regain their
strength and teach them their obliga-
tion in protecting others, with whom
they may be associated, from tubercu-
losis.

Another function of the correspond-
ence school that will call for a high
degree of resourcefulness is for the
Bureau of Tuberculosis to investigate
the claims of deserving indigents, and
through boards of county commis-
sioners, churches, lodges, or other or-
ganizations to which the indigent, or
the person upon whom the indigent is
dependent, belongs, secure the neces-
sary funds to take care of those who
would die unless supported from out-
side sources. One of the principal
measures of success by which the Bu-
reau of Tuberculosis will be judged
will be its ability to keep the Sana-
torium filled with patients who could
not themselves pay for their treat-
ment, but whose treatment is paid for
by interested organizations — political,
social, or fraternal — and philanthropic
individuals.

This combination of the Central
Training School, as an educational
nucleus, with a correspondence school
of eight or ten thousand consump-
tives, is suggestive of the educational
scheme in practice in the State of Wis-
consin by the University of that State,
which is rapidly and deservedly be-
coming a model to other state univer-
sities.

The Cost of This Folicj.

The State of North Carolina has in-
vested in its present plant something
like $50,000. The interest on that in-

vestment amounts to $3,000 a year.
The State appropriates for the main-
tenance of this Institution and for the
maintenance of the correspondence
school idea, $20,000 a year; so that we
might say that this state tuberculosis
policy will cost the State, in round
numbers, about $25,000 a year. It will
be necessary in our State Institution,
as it is in practically all state sana-
toria, that the patients pay $1.00 a day
for treatment. This will seem to some
rather expensive. On investigation,
however, it will be found that this is
the general practice of state sanatoria;
that in different state institutions the
per capita charge is from four to ten
dollars a week. On the other hand,
when one recalls the fact that it now
costs one to get sanatorium treatment
or to be treated by a specialist, from
sixty to one hundred dollars a month,
the State's charity at once becomes
evident. While it is necessary to
maintain the Institution to charge each
patient one dollar a day, it should be
remembered that, under the policies
above outlined, many of the patients,
we hope most of them, will be pa-
tients who themselves are paying noth-
ing, but whose expenses are paid by
their friends and the organized inter-
ests— political, social, and fraternal —
of which they are a part.

Requirements for Admission.

Patients, before being given a card
of admission, will be required to have
filled out by their physician a blank
form furnished by the Medical Direc-
tor of the Sanatorium, and return the
information contained on this form to
the Sanatorium in order that the man-
agement may know their condition.
Incipient patients will be given pref-
erence over moderately advanced
cases, and advanced cases will not be
admitted. Patients and physicians are
warned against going to the Sana-
torium without first communicating

THE HEALTH BULLETIN".

145

with the Medical Director and ascer-
taining whether the capacity of the
Institution and the condition of the
patient will permit the admission of
the patient. The fatality of incipient
tuberculosis under average treatment
is not more than 10 or 15 per cent;
the fatality of moderately advanced
tuberculosis is 40, 50, or 60 per cent;
and the fatality of advanced tubercu-
losis is 90, 95, or even a higher per
cent. It is, therefore, as evident as it
is reasonable, that as long as the
State's capacity to take care of her
consumptives is as limited as at pres-
ent, advanced consumptives, bedridden
consumptives, who have already prac-
tically lost their chance to live should
not be allowed to occupy the few beds
that the State now has, and that would
otherwise be used for consumptives
in the incipient stage of the disease
with 85 or 90 chances in a hundred to
get well. The reasonableness and the
economic considerations, as well as the
humanitarian considerations underly-
ing this fundamental principle in the
future management of the Institution
are too evident for argument.

location of Sanatorium.

The Sanatorium is located at Mont-
rose, in Hoke County, on the Rockfish
and Aberdeen Railroad, nine miles
southeast of Aberdeen. The Sanato-
rium is about twelve miles from Pine-
hurst and about the same distance
from Southern Pines. In this region
of these well known winter resorts
the Institution has an ideal location.
The warmer and more uniform temper-
ature of this region gives the Mont-
rose Institution a natural asset which
very probably more than makes up
for the better equipped and larger en-
dowment of the more widely known in-
stitutions of our northern, colder cli-
mate. Here the air is dried by its
course across the white sand and is

filtered pure and healthful through the
needles of the long leaf pine.

Site of Sanatorium.

When one alights from the train at
the little station of Montrose, after
having passed through a flat country,
rather desolate looking, with sandy
soil and blackjack and pine growth,
and ascends a gentle slope, a most
surprising view opens up before him.
So suddenly and distinctly different is
the scenery from that of the surround-
ing country, that its very unexpected-
ness adds interest to its beauty. In-
deed, Nature seems to have prepared
and set apart this spot for the very
purpose to which it is now dedicated.
Standing on a plateau about six hun-
dred feet above sea level, one can see
from ten to fifteen miles in almost any
direction. The view invariably makes
one think of the mountains of Western
North Carolina. In one direction a
sand road eight or ten miles away can
be seen easily.

Equipment of Sanatorium.

The Sanatorium is situated on a
farm of about 1,300 acres. There are
about 700 or SOO acres of this land
suitable for farming; there is also
much valuable timber on the land. A
creek passes through the farm which,
after it is dammed, will furnish the
necessaiT power for electric lights and
light machinery needed in an institu-
tion of this kind.

At present there are three buildings
for patients, with capacities of 15, 35,
and 75 patients each; there is a dining
room sufficiently large to seat 100 peo-
ple. A refrigerating plant will be in-
stalled beneath the kitchen some time
before next spring. There is a nurses'
building for the nurses, a small cot-
tage for the physician, and a pavilion
which will be immediately equipped
and hereafter used as a library and

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

147

club room. This building will be
equipped with such games as patients
with incipient and moderately ad-
vanced tuberculosis may engage in;
a good Victrola with suitable records
will add to the attraction of the pa-
vilion. On the grounds there will be
such light outdoor games as croquet,
and other games that tuberculous pa-
tients may enjoy. The new Medical
Director, who is familiar with the con-
struction of sanatoria, is delighted
with the construction of the buildings.
The buildings are lighted by electric-
ity, heated by open fires, and supplied
with warm water and shower baths.
There is also a good two-story farm
house and a well constructed dairy
with capacious silos.

SANATORIUM STAFF.
Dr. Wilson Pendleton.

Dr. Pendleton is the man to whom
the State Board of Health pins its faith
in taking over the Sanatorium. Dr.
Chas. L. Minor, so well known as a
tuberculosis authority, not only in this
State, but in the nation, in writing to
the Board strongly recommending Dr.
Pendleton and urging the Board to
elect him as Medical Director of the
Sanatorium, says: "I am sure you will
agree with mo that the first thing is a
man. With a strong, competent man
at the head of affairs, the simplest
building makes a strong sanatorium;
without it, the most elaborate is use-
less." We thoroughly agree with Dr.
Minor's reasoning, and because we do,
we know that the absolute success of
the State Sanatorium is henceforth as-
sured. We have the man.

Allow me just a few words to in-
troduce Dr. Pendleton, and then, I
shall let those who speak with au-
thority tell you how well qualified he
is to take care of our patients. Dr.
Pendleton is a Southern man and was
educated at the University of Virginia.

He looks to be about twenty-eight or
thirty years old. After graduating at
the University of Virginia in medicine,
he was assistant to Dr. Watts, Pro-
fessor of Surgery in the hospital con-
nected with that Institution. Serving
under Dr. Watts, he contracted tuber-
culosis, went to Saranac Lake and was
cured. Like most specialists in tuber-
culosis, he became interested in and
took tuberculosis as his specialty as a
result of his personal experience with
the disease. After regaining his health
at Saranac Lake, and incidentally after
learning the methods of cure prac-
ticed in that well known Institution,
he accepted an assistantship with Dr.
David R. Lyman, of the Gay lord Farm
Sanatorium, the State Institution at
Wallingford, Connecticut, where he
served three years, for five months
of the time having absolute charge of
that Institution. From the Gaylord
Farm Sanatorium, he went to the Hope
Farm Sanatorium, Marshallton, Dela-
ware, to take charge of that Institu-
tion.

What Others Say of Dr. Pendleton.

Dr. Livingston Farrand, Executive
Secretary of the National Association
for the Study and Prevention of Tu-
berculosis, who is qualified to take a
comprehensive view of the tuberculosis
problem as a national problem, writes
concerning Dr. Pendleton: "I have
made further inquiries concerning Dr.
Wilson Pendleton, * * * with refer-
ence to his administrative capacity and
general availability for the position
you have in mind with your depart-
ment. I have this morning received a
letter from Dr. David R. Lyman, of
Gaylord Farm Sanatorium, Walling-
ford, Conn., who says that Pendleton
had entire charge of that sanatorium
during an absence of Dr. Lyman's
lasting for five months, and in addition
to that he was with him as an assist-

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

149

ant for two and a half years. He says
he is an excellent disciplinarian and
a man who makes friends wherever he
goes. He has plenty of enthusiasm,
but does not let it run away with his
judgment, and he thinks decidedly that
he would make good in such a position
as that you have in mind.

"I am inclined to lay great stress
on Lyman's opinion, for his own sana-
torium is one of the best managed in
the country and its standards are pe-
culiarly high. I think it would be
decidedly worth your while to get in
touch with Pendleton and look him
over. He is, all things considered,
the strongest man of whom I know at
present.

"I can give you a list if you care for
it of half a dozen other names of men
who are looking for positions, but
none of them are as highly recom-
mended as Pendleton."

Dr. David R. Lymau, Superintendent
of Gaylord Farm Sanatorium, a man
known to all autliorities on tubercu-
losis and sanatorium work in this
country as one of the foremost author-
ities on this disease and in sanatorium
experience, says of Dr. Pendleton:
"Dr. Pendleton was with me for nearly
three years, prior to that time having
been first assistant to Watts at the
University of Virginia. When he came
to me Watts wrote me that I was get-
ting the best man that he had or knew
of. When he left me at the end of
three years I was ready to make the
same remark about him. His medical
work is of the best. He is a good dis-
ciplinarian and is a man who makes
a very good impression on the people
whom he meets casually. If you find
a better one for the position you are
indeed to be congratulated."

Dr. Chas. L. Minor writes: "* * *
Coming now to the purpose of my let-
ter, my friend, Dr. David Lyman, of
the Connecticut State Sanatorium at

Wallingford and one of the best in this
line in the whole country, has written
to me about his former assistant, now
in charge of the Delaware State Sana-
torium, Dr. Pendleton. * * * While I
do not know him [Dr. Pendleton] per-
sonally, I know Dr. Lyman so well as
a man of high character and great
ability, and the fact that he has writ-
ten to me endorsing him [Pendleton]
in the highest terms as an Al man
satisfies me of his unusual compe-
tence for the place. * * * Having had
experience in so admirably conducted
a sanatorium as Wallingford, which,
from my personal experience, I con-
sider the best even in the country, and
then more recently in Delaware, Dr.
Pendleton should be an excellent man
for the place. Trusting you will give
his application most serious considera-
tion, I am, with best wishes for the
success of the new sanatorium, etc."

Another well known North Carolina
authority on tuberculosis, Dr. Wm.
Leroy Dunn, Asheville, N. C, writes:
"I have received a letter from my
friend. Dr. David R. Lyman, stating
that he had recommended to your con-
sideration Dr. Wilson Pendleton, who
was formerly his assistant, for the
place of House Physician at the State
Sanatorium. I think I met Dr. Pen-
dleton a few years ago when I was
at Wallingford, but on any impression
obtained at that time I would not place
any weight. However, I would give
the greatest weight possible to any
recommendation made by Dave Lyman.
I do not know whether you know him
personally or not. If not, you have
missed a lot. Lyman is one of the
very best men in this line of work in
this country. He has been very suc-
cessful at Wallingford, besides you
can count absolutely upon every word
he says, and any man that he would
recommend for the place would be in
every sense persona grata to Minor
and myself, and to any of those men

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

151

witti whom we are more intimately
associated in Aslieville."

Mr. A. R. Kimball, Chairman of the
Executive Committee of the Gaylord
Farm Sanatorium, writes: "I take
great pleasure, as Chairman of the
Executive Committee of Gaylord Farm
Sanatorium, in testifying to the ability
and high character, the conscientious-
ness and close application to duty,
which characterized Dr. W. Pendleton
while for two years and a half he was
assistant to Dr. Lyman, Superintend-
ent of Gaylord Farm Sanatorium. For
nearly four months Dr. Lyman was
incapacitated, being in Charlottesville,
Va., recovering from a very severe op-
eration which all but cost him his life.
During this time. Dr. Pendleton was
In full charge and the credit of carry-
ing on the work of the Sanatorium is
in largest part his. From my close
personal experience, as I am really
the business head of Gaylord Farm, I
do not think the Sanatorium of North
Carolina could secure a better man
than Dr. Pendleton."

Miss Emily P. Bissell writes: "As
President' of the Delaware Anti-Tuber-
culosis Society, I take pleasure in

heartily recommending Dr. Pendleton,
and I hope that you may be able to
secure him."

Finally, Dr. Laurason Brown, Sara-
nac Lake, New York, writes: "Dr.
Pendleton is a competent man, and I
think j^ou could get no one better than
he. I would strongly urge you to take
him."

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.

The business manager of the Sana-
torium, Mr. Tyre Glenn, who has given
entire satisfaction in that office for the
past two years, and who is sufficiently
well known throughout the State not to
need introduction, will be retained in
office.

Mr. Glenn will have charge of the
thirteen-hundred-acre farm, the buy-
ing of supplies, the employment of
labor, and the bookkeeping of the In-
stitution.

Dr. Pendleton will have absolute
charge of the medical work of the In-
stitution. His official title will be Med-
ical Director. He will employ his own
nurses and orderlies, admit and dis-
miss patients, and prescribe diet, exer-
cise and daily habits for the patients.

Published b4 TnZ. N°KJI\ CAR9LI/iA STATE. D9ARD s^AEMJA

I This Bullelinwillbe 5er\t free to orwj citizen of the StoteupoATeguestj

Published monthly at the office of the Secretary of the Board, Raleigh, N. C.
Entered as second-class matter at Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, under Act of July 18, 1894.

Vol. XXVIII.

DECEMBER, 1913.

No. 9.

Master Robert Royal Smithwick, Champion Baby, Receiving His Gold Medal from Secbetaby

OF State J. Bbyan Grimes.

CONTENTS

Free Public Health Literature 156

Editorial Jottings 1^"^

Pacts About the Oxypathor • • • 158

Report on The Better Babies Contest 165

The Philosophy of Cold Feet 1'70

OUE Whole Time County Health Officers 173

Facts About Colds 1'^'*

Providence Not to Blame 1'75

When and How to Bathe 1'76

The Press on the Oxypathor 1'?'^

Tobacco and Alcohol 1'^'^

Collier's on The Oxypathor 178

FREE PUBLIC HEALTH LITERATURE

The State Board of Health has a limited quantity of health litera-
ture on the subjects listed below, which will be sent out, free of charge,
to any citizen of the State as long as the supply lasts. If you care for
any of this literature, or want some sent to a friend, just write to the
State Board of Health, at Raleigh. A post card will bring it by return
mail.

The Whole Time County

Health Officer.
Typhoid Fever.
Rules and Regulations for
County Boards of Health.
Measles.

Whooping Cough.
Diphtheria.
Scarlet Fever.
Smallpox.

Some Light on Typhoid.
County Health Work on an

Efficient Basis.
Anti-Spitting Placards (11

inches by 9 inches).
Anti-Fly Placards (11 inches
by 19 inches).

No. 9.

Medical Inspection of Schools
and School Children.

No.

27.

No. 10.

Care and Feeding of Babies.

No.

28.

No. 11.

The Plague of Flies and
Mosquitoes.

No.

No. 12.

Residential Sewage Disposal

No.

30.

Plants.

No.

No. 13.

Sanitary Privy.

No.

No. 14.

Hookworm Disease.

No.

No. 15.

Malaria.

No.

No. 18

Tuberculosis Leaflet.

No. 19.

Compilation of Public Health
Laws of North Carolina.

No. 20.

Tuberculosis Bulletin.

No. 21

Fly Leaflet.

No. 22

Baby Leaflet.

No. 23.

The Vital Statistics Law.

No. 25

. Typhoid Fever Leaflet.

I PUSLISALD BY TML noR.TM CAgOLirSA 5TATE- BOAIgP °>-MLALTM"1 [B

J. Howell Wat, M.D., President, Waynesville.
Richard H. Lewis, M.D., Raleigh.
J. L. Ludlow, C.E., Winston-Salem.
W. O. Spencer, M.D., Winston-Salem.
Thomas E. Anderson, M.D., Statesville.

Charles O'H. Lauohinghouse , M.D.

Greenville.
Edward J. Wood, M.D., Wilmington.
A. A. Kent, M.D., Lenoir.
Cyrus Thomp.son, M.D., Jacksonville.

S. Rankin, M.D., Secretary and Treasurer, Raleigh.

Vol. XXVIII.

DECEMBER, 1913.

No. 9.

EDITORIAL JOTTINGS

The January number of the Health
Bulletin will be our almanac number.
It promises to be one of the best
numbers we have issued. Be on the
lookout for it.

If you have time to read but one
article in this issue, by all means let
that article be the one about the ex-
posure of the Oxypathor. If you
don't learn something, besides have a
smile or two coming before you get
through with it, cancel your sub-
scription to the Bulletin and demand
your money back.

This month the State Sanatorium
for the treatment of tuberculosis, at
Montrose, pens under the direction of
the State Board of Health. Only in-
cipient and moderately advanced cases
can be admitted. The capacity of the
institution at present is only fifty beds.
For further information regarding ad-
mittance write to the Secretary of
the Board, at Raleigh.

According to a newspaper account,
the Oxypathor Company claims that
since this Board exposed their gas
pipe fraud their sales have increased
greatly, If that is true, why does this
company object so strenuously to be-
ing exposed? Such statements remind

us of liquor people, who when voted
out of a territory brazenly declare
that they sell more liquor there than
they did before.

Don't close your bedroom windows
these nights just because it is cold.
Your lungs need just as much pure,
fresh air as they did last summer,
when your bedroom didn't seem to have
half enough windows. The whole se-
cret is in keeping warm at night.
Dress warmly and sleep comfortably,
if you have to wear heavy woolen
SOX and a suit of underwear, besides
thick, warm pajamas. Then don't pile
on thick comforts that feel heavy, but
use lots of light, warm blankets.
Keep warm at all hazards, and then
sleep toith your windoxos open.

Some time ago we offered to loan
lantern slides and stock lectures to
those who desired to use them, if
tliey would pay the transportation
charges. Since that time we have
been completely swamped with re-
quests for the loan of the slides and
lectures we then had, and now we are
preparing other similar lectures on
consumption, patent medicines, care of
the eyes, ears, nose and throat, and
others. If you want them, write
early.

FACTS ABOUTTHE OXYPATHOR

How Six Inches of Nickel-plated Gas Pipe
Sells for $35.00

ANY ONE CAN MAKE HIS OWN OXYPATHOR

How and Why the State Board of Health Laid Bare
the Modern Rabbit's Foot

Wahben H. Booker, C.E.

"Save the babies!" How? With six
inches of brass gas pipe and a handful
of sand, sulphur and charcoal. This
is what our good mothers were told
to do a few weeks ago at the State
Fair. Of course, they were not told
in just those words. They were in-
vited to i>ay $35 for an Oxypathor,
which is the same thing, except that
the latter has a green cord fastened
at each end of the gas pipe.

Now, when any concern sets up an
exhibit directly opposite a better
babies contest and proceeds to make
capital of innocent babies, claiming
that a piece of gas pipe will cure
some one hundred and seventy odd
ailments, and recommending its use
in cases of pneumonia, infantile par-
alysis and diphtheria, it is time for
some one to sound a note of warning.
In the case of diphtheria time is
worth more than money. In many
cases time is life itself, and no hon-
orable, intelligent person will, for
greed of a few paltry dollars, take
chances with the lives of innocent
babes by recommending the wasting
of precious time with a piece of gas
pipe instead of hurrying to apply anti-
toxin.

What the Oxypathor Is.

That the public might know just
what they are getting when they buy
Oxypathors, the State Board of Health,
through its agent, bought an Oxy-

pathor of the Carolina Oxypathor Com-
pany, for which it paid $35. Professor
Browne, professor of physics and elec-
trical engineering at A. and M. College,.
Raleigh, was then asked to examine it
for any and every known force. The
most delicate tests failed to show that
any force whatsoever was generated or
transmitted by the apparatus when
tested according to the directions given
in the Oxypathor "Direction Book" ac-
companying it. Professor Browne was
then asked to take it apart and find
how it was made. The carefully
milled caps at either end might indi-
cate that they could be unscrewed.
Not so. A vigorous application of
wrenches and pipe tongs failed to
loosen them. The gas pipe was then
sawed open, and was found to contain
about a handful of black, gritty pow-
der. Perlaps for the purpose of rein-
forcing the caps at either end, a solid
bar about one-half inch in diameter
extended through the pipe from cap to
cap. The powder found in the pipe
was turned over to Prof. W. A. With-
ers, professor of chemistry at A. and
M. College, with the request that he
examine it. His report shows that it.
consists of

Carbon (free) 28.36%

Silica 27.46%

Carbon Dioxoide 8.37%

Magnesium Oxide 7.61%

Antimony 7.26%

Aluminum Oxide 5.65%

Sulphur 4.97%

THE HEALTH BULLETIN. 159

Ferric Oxide 4.48% That, in a nutshell, is the story of

Potassium Oxide 3.81% ^v.^ n^„..o+v,^,. rm.

Moisture 1.75% ^^^ Oxypathor. The accompanying

Nitrogen 0.28% ^^^ shows how the Oxypathor was

Professor Withers further states exposed at the State Fair. Attached
that "the substance, in the main, ap- *° *^^^ "PP^'' left-hand chart is the
pears to be probably a mixture of coal original Oxypathor bought of the Car-
dust, clay, sand, antimony sulphide, °^^°^ Oxypathor Company for $35. In
and magnesium carbonate." the bottle attached is some of the

ORICINAL

OXYPATHOR

BOUGHT FROM THE-

CAWUMOXYPATnmCO.

— -_ y~--X) -^

AND THfr ~"

WOWHlf SS PW^
I^FDUND INSIDEI

DOHT BUY»"OXYPATtlOR

UNTIL YOU

Se€ Our Substitute
Price 10^

justasgood.

>t&!eBoQrdO(Heatth'sl

Substitute for
Oxypathor.

GAS PIPE FRAUD
EXPOSED/

SHE WH.Q-r ,-

A Scientist Says

OXYPATHOR

■inm^homom and His Rfpiv

Save The Bubies:

1% BUT

DonlWasteYourMoneii

/I Gas Pipe Fraud.

IS THE ' .

Adv/ice

Of The

State Boerd
Meaitt^.

,„£?""" ?^^''^^ T\^. 'VjP?^'°f ^^'^ Oxypathor fraud at the State Fair. Note the original Oxvnathor
irl-i" *^° ^°d attached to the upper left-hand chart, and the old tin can and shS^nL s^ft^f,,?!

opposite

can and shoestring substitute

160

THE HEALTH BULLETIX.

worthless black powder found in the
gas pipe, the composition of which
has already been referred to.

To the lower left-hand chart are
attached the writer's letter to Profes-
sor Browne, asking him to examine the
Oxypathor, and Professor Browne's re-
ply, stating that there is absolutely
nothing of value in the device, so far
as its ability to generate or transmit
any known force whatever is con-
cerned. The two letters are repro-
duced herewith in full.

Raleigh, N. C, October 18, 1913.
Prof. Wm. Hand BroWxNE, Professor
of Physics and Electrical Engi-
neering, N. C. College of Agricul-
ture and Mechanic Arts, Raleigh,
N. C.
Deab Sir: — Under separate cover I
am sending you today one Oxypathor
purchased this morning from the Caro-
lina Oxypathor Company, of this city,
at a cost of $35. I shall thank you
to examine this apparatus for any and
every known physical, chemical or
other force which it is possible for
this instrument to generate or trans-
mit along a wire or cord when used as
directed in the accompanying book of
instructions, and advise me as to your
findings in this respect.

I wish, furthermore, that after mak-
ing such examination you would take
the apparatus apart and carefully ex-
amine the contents and advise me as
to your findings.

Respectfully yours,

Warren H. Booker,
Chief Bureau of Engineering and Ed-
ucation, North Carolina State Board
of Health.

Raleigh, N. C, October 21, 1913.
Mr. Warren H. Booker, Chief of Bu-
reau of Engineering and Education.
North Carolina State Board of
Health, Raleigh, N. C.
Dear Sie:— Pursuant to your in-
structions under date of October 18th,
I carefully examined and tested the
Oxypathor according to your instruc-
tions and according to the directions
accompanying the apparatus.

Tests for magnetic effects showed
that this apparatus has no magnetic
properties whatever.

Testing for electrical effects failed to
indicate the slightest electrical action
— indeed, the construction of the ap-
paratus makes such action impossible.

These are the only two forces which
could be brought into action by means
of the device, and hence my tests have
shown that the device, even when
packed in crushed ice, causes no action
whatever.

I have furthermore opened the so-
called electrode and find that it con-
sists of a brass cylinder, through
which passes a copper bar firmly at-
tached to the ends of the cylinder. The
space between was filled with blackish,
inert, gritty powder, which, due to the
construction of the so-called electrode,
can produce no magnetic, electrical or
other action. In my opinion there is
absolutely nothing of value in the de-
vice so far as its ability goes to gener^
ate or transmit any known force what-
ever. Very truly yours,

W. Hand Brownt),
Professor of Physics and Electrical

Engineering, A. and M. College.

Then, to show the utter absurdity
of the whole thing, to the upper right-
hand chart is attached an old tin can
with shoestrings tied to either end.
The State Board of Health guarantees
that this can will have just as much
action as the Oxypathor, and net the i
purchaser a neat little saving.

In the lower right-hand chart is
quoted the slogan "Save the babies," ;
appropriated by the Oxypathor Com-
pany, which they displayed directly
opposite the Better Babies Contest.
To this the State Board of Health
added the advice, "But don't waste
your money on a gas pipe fraud."

It is needless to say that the whole
Oxypathor business is a fake from be-
ginning to end. It simply illustrates
the credulity of a few of our people.
It illustrates how a gigantic lot of un-
truths and absurdities repeated thou-
sands of times by printer's ink can
mislead a few sick or near sick who are
gullible enough to believe such extrav-
agant claims when accompanied by a

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

161

mysterious looking, highly polished
apparatus, surrounded with high-
sounding words unknown to science or
the dictionary writers, and especially
when reinforced by a lot of testimonials
from users, many of them prominent
people, who report marvelous cures.

Cures and Testimonials.

This brings up another interesting
phase of this and many similar patent
medicine frauds, the cures and testi-
monials. Some one says, "If it is a
fake, what about all those cures and
testimonials?" That is easy. Did you
ever stop to consider that at least
ninety-five per cent of all the aches and
pains and sickness that you or anyone
else ever had, or thought you had, got
well? You never had a headache or
a toothache that didn't get well, if you
gave it time enough. And what's
more, you never will have but one fatal
case of sickness, and after that is over
there will be no testimonial forthcom-
ing. This gives a very wido margin of
ills and near ills that get well from
natural causco, frequently even in
spite of patent medicines, Oxypathors
or old tin cans and shoestrings; and
this wide margin is where the Oxy-
p thor and similar industries flourish.

Take a case where some one has $35
worth of faith in an Oxypathor (that's
some faith these days), and buys one.
Now, if that person has enough faith
in a piece of gas pipe to spend
$35 for it, it goes without saying that
he believes it is going to cure him
of whatever he has or thinks he has.
Otherwise he would not have bought
It. To be sure, in 95 cases out of 100
he gets well, and such a person would
not be true to himself if he did not
declare that it was the Oxypathor that
cured him. For such people the Oxy-
pathor is simply a high-priced faith
cure, but it is not so advertised. The
negro who cannot afford an Oxypathor

uses a rabbit's foot to equal advan-
tage, and some people use buckeyes,
but no one has capitalized or has a
monopoly on rabbits' feet or buckeyes.

But does that prove that the Oxy-
pathor cured this person? What
about the thousand and one natural
causes? What about people, perhaps
this very person himself, who recov-
ered from this same trouble three
years ago, before the advent of this
marvelous instrument? We defy any-
one to prove, in all the advertised cures
and testimonials, that a single cure
was in any manner whatsoever due
to any action of the Oxypathor. The
fact that the Oxypathor has been
palmed off on people that are very
susceptible to mental suggestion is
shown in the fact that since the expos-
ur ) of the fraud people who used them
have confided to the writer, "I did think
it helped me, but since I found out
what it is, it doesn't do me a bit of
good." Was it Barnum who said, "The
American people like to be hum-
bugged"?

Now, let us be serious just a mo-
ment and look at this testimonial
business from a common-sense view-
point. How about your family physi-
cian? When he treats you, does he
come around after you get well and
ask you for a testimonial? What
would you think of him if he did?
How about your preacher? Does he
advertise in the newspapers or pub-
lish a pamphlet telling what nice
things his other congregations said
about his preaching? Does your den-
tist or lawyer have to drum up trade
by means of testimonials? What
would you think of them if they did?
Did any really great invention or dis-
covery have to resort to such means
year after year to make the public
accept it? If the Oxypathor really
were such a good thing as it is said
to be, don't you think everybody would

162

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

have known about it long ago? Do
you suppose the newspapers would
have to be paid to carry ads., or do you
suppose that any of the newspapers
would decline to carry such matter
in their columns? The truth of the
matter is that the testimonial feature
is one of the tell-tale, weakest features
of the whole business. When that
feature is worked so hard, and partic-
ularly when no testimonials are pub-
lished from people who were not bene-
fitted by the use of an Oxypathor, does
it not begin to look as though there
were something radically wrong? Fur-
ther inferences regarding testimonials
we leave to the reader.

Some one says, "Well, if it is a fake,
why doesn't the State Board of Health
stop their selling such things?"
That is also easy. In the first place,
this is not our business. We know
of no state law giving us power
to prohibit this or any other fake
whatsoever from operating in North
Carolina. However, when an effort
was made to capitalize a better ba-
bies contest in order to exploit such
a thing, we felt it our d ty to imme-
diately brand it what it is, a fake and
a fraud. In the second place, we have
exposed it, and if you waste your
money on it, that is your business.
However, for your benefit it may be
sr.id that if you have been innocently
duped into buying one of these fakes
and want your money back, and are
willing to go on record in court, the
Attorney-Ganeral is of the opinion
that you can have your money refund-
ed Last of all, we have branded it a
fake. We could not do so with safety
and impunity were it not so, because
such a charge is open to refutation in
court, and we invite those who con-
tend otherwise to have it settled in the
courts if they do not accede to our
charge.

The Joke Book.

Even the shortest expose of the gas
pipe fraud would be incomplete with-
out one or two passing references to
that prize joke book, otherwise known
as the "Oxypathor Direction Book,"
which accompanies the Oxypathor and
is the mouthpiece for the device. In
this book the happy possessor is as-
sured over and over again of the al-
most miraculous curing and healing
power of his $35 acquisition. He is
told that "The Oxypathor gives to ics
possessor practical mastery over all
forms of dangerous infection," and
that "The diseases which the Oxy-
pathor will not cure are easy to enum-
erate, becnuse they are comparatively
few."

In the index of this wonderful vol-
ume one finds listed something over
170 human ailments for which the
Oxypathor is recommended. This list
of ailments extends from headache to
heart disease, from diphtheria and
d afness to dropsy and dyspepsia, from
boils, burns and bruises to paralysis,
piles, pregnancy and pellagra. In
fact, if one could read this book be-
lievingly he might have visions of mak-
ing Methuselah look like a youth, if,
indeed, he should ever find it neces-
sary to die at all.

And how does the Oxypathor cure
all these things? We quote one or two
directions just as samples. Toothache
beinji a short one, we quote it in its
entirety:

''Toothache — generally due to expos-
ure of the sensitive interior portion
of the tooth after the loss of the non-
conducting enamel, or to an inflamed
or diseased nerve root. A simple
toothache is sometimes relieved by
placing disk at Strong Force under
hot compress over the aching spot."

The strong force referred to simply
means placing the gas pipe in cold
water. But note the hot compress.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

163

That is a time-worn remedy for tooth-
ache that was ancient even to our
grandmothers. They used bags of hot
sand or salt, or even a hot iron, when
a "cold settled in a tooth," with ex-
cellent results. Now why, in this day
and age, should we give the credit for
such a cure to a nickel-plated gas pipe?
Certainly some of us do like to be
humbugged.

Constipation is one of the subjects
treated at length in the joke book.
Some four pages are devoted to this
subject. We quote again:

"There io but one true way of over-
coming and curing constipation, and
that is to begin at the fountain-head
or source of the difficulty. Every one
afflicted with constipation should take
an inventory of his daily habits as to
breathing, eating, drinking and exer-
cise, and correct the faults that he
sees hrve brought about his condi-
tion."

Now, it is a matter of common knowl-
edge that such a course will cure most
cases of constipation without further
treatment. But note what follows:

"While correcting the causes of his
constipation, which the patient can and
must do in order to be permanently
cured, let him aoopt the following pro-
gram: Apply the Oxypathor at Strong
Force with one disk over the liver at
lower margin of right ribs and cover

abdominal surface with cold water or
apply, with the disk removed, a cold
compress for 2 or 3 minutes."

And so it goes on giving the time-
honored treatments for constipation,
including proper habits and diet, hot
and cold compresses, fruit and a glass
of cold water before breakfast, and so
on, but never failing to have the Oxy-
pathor applied in some spectacular
way in every instance. And yet some
people can be persuaded to pay $35
for a piece of gas pipe and for such
information, which they have been
taught or should have been taught
from childhood up. In this joke book
there are enough simple home reme-
dies our grandparents taught us, to-
gether with a little everyday hygiene
and sanitation that the average school-
boy ought to know, to remedy the
minor ailments, but the constant ref-
erence to the Oxypathor misleads peo-
ple easily susceptible to suggestion to
attribute their recovery to the Oxy-
pathor, instead of to the real cause.

History of the Fraud.

The Oxypathor has an interesting
genealogy and a varied history. We
have examined its family tree for sev-
eral short generations, and all
branches lead to the fertile brain of
one Hercules Sanche, who oscillated

««u««>*s««o<««9c«M«9*aA

Price Reduced to $10.

***"' imuiimnn»»mttn«>M mi^

The Electropoise advertisement which used to appear in
our magazines and Sunday School literature; The eas
pipe was empty.

with hot compress. Treat for 20 or
30 minutes twice a day, morning and
night, and during the treatments, at
intervals of 10 minutes, or immedi-
ately after the treatments, sponge the

from Port Gibson, Miss., to Detroit,
New York, Chicago, and back to De-
troit. In 1890 Sanche invented the
"Electropoise." Many people will still

164

THE HEAXTH BULLETIN.

recall that some eighteen or twenty
years ago this fake was advertised in
many of the popular magazines. To
refresh the memory of our older
readers, and for the information of
our younger readers, we reprint a
picture of the Electropoise that used
to accompany many of these ads.
The "Electropoise" was . simply an
empty metal cylinder about three
and one-half inches long, called the
"Polizer." To the end of this cylin-
der was attached a cord which termi-
nated in a small disc which was to
be secured to the ankle or wrist by
means of an elastic band. According
to the inventor of the "Electropoise,"
there was apparently no disease,
known or unknown, that it would not
cure.

About 1896 Sanche got out a revised
edition of the Electropoise which he
termed the "Oxydonor." There were
two principal points of difference be-
tween the Electropoise and the Oxy-
donor. First, instead of being empty,
the gas pipe, in the case of the Oxy-
donor, contained a stick of carbon;
and, second, instead of selling for $10,
it sold for $35. The accompanying
cut shows the similarity of the two.

The revised edition of the Electropoise, termed
the Oxydonor. It sold for $35 and contained a
tick of carbon.

Financially, the Oxydonor was a
howling success, and as might be ex-
pected, imitators got into the game.
This resulted in Sanche's bringing a
suit against one imitation, the Oxy-

genor-King. It should be stated, how-
ever, that in this case the United
States courts decided that Sanche's
instrument was not of sufficient value
to entitle him to standing in a court of
equity.

The Oxygenor-King, a piece of gas
pipe filled with sand, sulphur, char-
coal, white lead and brass, had three
cords attached and sold for $25.

The Oxygenor-King, a competitor of the Oxy-
donor; It was filled with sand, sulphur, charcoal,
white lead and brass, and sold for $25.

Of course, it was claimed to be capa-
ble of curing practically every human
ill. In fact, it was said to possess
complete mastery over "all curable
diseases."

Space forbids our describing other
similar fakes, such as the Oxytonor,
the Oxybon, and others. Following
c^ose upon the heels of the Oxygenor-
King came the Oxygenator. From the
similarity of the names one would im-
agine tha the courts could be in-
voked on the ground of infringe-
ment, but perhaps the promoter
deemed it wise to remain out of the
courts. The "00 Duplex Oxygenator,"
as this gas pipe was called, had
but two cords and sold for from
$25 to $35. In 1910 the Ver-
mont State Board of Health examined
the instrument under their pure food
and drugs act, found it filled with
iron filings, clay and coke dust, and
prohibited its sale.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

165

Since that date the name of this
same fraud has been changed to the
"Oxypathor." In fact, from the writ-
er's desk can be seen on a window
across the street the sig-n, "Carolina
Oxygenator Company," placed there
several years ago. At the main oflBce of
the Oxypathor Company, three blocks

the cat will jump next, or what this
fake will be called next year, is a mat-
ter of conjecture. As a suggestion,
however, it might be mentioned that
in one of the closing paragraphs of
the joke book an 000 Animal Oxy-
pathor is described as follows:

"This instrument is made with the

Following close upon the heels of theOxygenor-King
came the Oxygenator . Since the Vermont State
Board of Health prohibited the sale of this fraud the
name has been changed to Oxypathor.

away, the device is now known alto-
gether by the name of "Oxypathor."
In other words, just enough change
has been made in the name to evade
the law, but the window sign on the
old office, now used for other pur-
poses, has not been kept up to date.
Such, therefore, is the story of the
Oxypathor up to this time. Which way

same conscientious care that distin-
guishes the 00 Duplex Oxypathor.
For stock growers the Animal Oxy-
pathor is invaluable. Price, $50."

At least this is not a poor man's
fraud, and we must give the promo-
ter credit for commercializing the fact
that many persons care more for
their pets than for themselves.

REPORT ON THE BETTER BABIES CONTEST

Warben H.

The Better Babies Contest at the
State Fair is now history. This and
similar contests all over the State
mark the first chapter in the history
of the development of a proper ap-
preciation of the value and importance
of child life. The babies and the chil-
dren are beginning to come into their
own. Yesterday no one ever dreamed
of a Better Babies Contest. Today
we are having them. Tomorrow they
will continue, and soon our better
babies will have become better school

Booker, C. E^

children, largely on that account andl
on account of medical inspection of
schools. The next step will be better
citizens.

In the meantime, no doubt there
will be better mothers contests and
better parents contests, and the end
is not yet. A tremendous movement
has been launched unconsciously.

At the State Fair entries were made
for every five minutes of the four
days, but so many mothers wanted to
enter their babies that they had to

166

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

be admitted every two minutes.
Nearly four hundred entries were
made. Cold weather and heavy rain
kept over one hundred babies from
attending. Requests for entry next
year have already been made.

The arrangements at the Fair
Grounds, while the best to be had,
were, of necessity, crude and woe-
fully inadequate. Furthermore, no
one connected with the contest had
ever had similar experience. Every-
one who assisted with the work did it
out of goodness of heart, without a
cent of pay or the hope of reward.

Of course, with such a rush and
under such conditions, errors were
made and the work was of necessity
superficial, but now that something
is known about such contests we are
confident that next year the contest
will be much larger and much better
in every w^ay. For instance, as it
was, many different people assisted
at different times, and of course this
necessitated the loss of much valua-
ble time and many opportunities for
valuable work in learning just what
each person was to do. Next year,
as far as possible, the same persons
will help throughout the entire con-
test. We wish it might be possible
to pay at least the doctors and nurses.
This would insure more uniform work,
and work w-hich could be done under
strict uniform supervision.

But a beginning had to be made,
and judging from the enthusiasm of
the Fair visitors, the public press, and
especially from the mothers, even the
beginning was a first-class success.
Many mothers have written since in
regard to remedying some of the de-
fects pointed out at the contest. In
many instances doctors and nurses
were able to offer, at various points in
the contest, valuable advice and sug-
gestions in regard to the care and
feeding of the babies, which might

have been strongly resented at other
times.

A few pessimistic persons were heard
to prophesy that such a contest would
engender the hardest kind of feelings,
as every mother thought her baby
was the prettiest baby in the State.
Of course, these people were mistaken.
They knew absolutely nothing about a
health contest. They had nothing to
base their opinion on but the old-
fashion beauty show and voting con-
test. Of the nearly three hundred ba-
bies judged, only two inquiries were
mrde in regard to why a baby was not
scored higher, and in only one instance
was the question of unfairness raised.
We are glad to say that in each case
the score card plainly set forth the
facts of the case, and when defects
were found the score card indicated
the amount to be deducted.

In the case of a health contest,
nearly every mother comes not with
the expectation of having the prettiest
baby in the State, which she is still
free to believe if she cares to, but to
have her baby's physical defects point-
ed out; to learn how he measures up
with normal babies of that age, and,
so far as possible in the short space
of time permitted, to learn just what
to do to remedy these defects.

Those entering the contest had the
graciousness to recognize that as they
had paid no entry fee, as all those
assisting in the work were doing it out
of the kindness of their hearts, and as
the prizes were just so much more
that there was a chance of winning,
they had little room for complaint,
and much reason to be grateful. Ex-
pressions of thanks have been received
from a great many parents whose
babies were examined and from those
who won prizes at the contest. We
cannot refrain from quoting just one
at this point, as it is typical of many
others: ,

THE HEAXTH BULLETIN.

167

FIRST PRIZE BABY

Robert Royal Smithwick

Wendell
Age, 33 months. Score, 99.9.

Dear Sib: — I am just in receipt of
letter informing me that my baby
won a prize in the Better Babies Con-
t St at the State Fair, and inclosing
check. Please accept my sincere
thanks, which I desire to extend to
all who helped make this good fortune
possible.

Much as the prize is appreciated,
however, I am still more grateful for
the physical examination which was
given my baby.

I can partially understand the dif-
ficulties with which your department
liad to contend, and feel that you de-
serve great credit for the work done.

Before knowing that my boy won
a prize, I was wholly satisfied; now
I can only say that 1 am delighted,
indeed. Most sincerely,

Mrs. * * *

So much interest was manifested in
th-^ prize winners that we reprint
herewith the complete list of prize

winners and their scores, as well as
the pictures of the four champion
babies.

CHAMPION BABIES

1st, Robert Royal Smithwick, Wendell.. 99.9

2d, Dick Hester Frazier, Bahama ..99.8

3d, Charles Aycock Poe, Raleigh 99.7

4th, Calvin Nelson Murray, Raleigh 99.0

The regular prize winners and their scores are
as follows:

Raleigh Division

Class 1. — (Boys over 6 months and under 24
months of age.)

1st, Charles Aycock Poe 99.7

2d, David Graham McLeod 99.5

ill, Henry Hadley Dalton, Jr 99

4th, R. Horace Porter. .98.5

Class 2. — (Boys over 24 months and under 36
months of age.)

1st, Calvin Nelson Miirray 99.6

2d, Junius Earl Goodwin, Jr 98

3d, Alston Grimes 97

4th Hyman Mewborn Bizzell .96.8

SECOND PRIZE BABY

Dick Hester Frazibb
Bahama
Age, 18 mcnths. Score, 99

168

THE HEALTH BULLETIISr.

THIRD PRIZE BABY

Charles Aycock Poe

Raleigh

Ags, 6 months. Score, 99.7.

Class 3.— (Girls over 6 months and under 24
months of age.)

Ist, Annie Katherine Riddle 99

2d, Martha E. Castlebury 9t*

3d, Lucile Johnson "7-

4th, Eleanor Kennedy 97

Class 4.— (Girls over 24 months and under 36
months of age.)

1st, Jean Powell Farabee 97..5

2d, Allie Mcllwain Scott 97

3d, Jeanie K. Brown 96

4th, Dorothy Fooshe _.93.o

Wake County Division

Class 1. — (Boys over 6 months and under 24
months of age.)

1st, James Henry Mitchell, Wake Forest 99

Raymond Wingate Allen, Apex 97.5

Theo. Bunyan Davis, Jr., Cary... 97.5

(These two babies tied for second prize.)
4th, Vernon Woodrow Sherron, Morrisville 96

Class 2.— (Boys over 24 months and under 36
months of age.)
Ist, Robert Royal Smithwick, Wendell. .-1----99. 9

2d, William A. Green, Morrisville 96.5

3d, Wayland Seagroves, Holly Springs --95.5

4th, Stanley Hamerick, Wendell - 93.5

Class 3.— (Girls over 6 months and under 24
months of age.)

Dorothy M. Tilley, Fuquay Springs 95

Virginia Green, Raleigh, R. 5 95

(These two babies tied for first prize.)

Doris Whitaker, Cardenas 94.5.

Minnie Gladys Simpkins, Raleigh, R. 5 94.5

(These two babies tied for third prize.)

Class 4.— (Girls over 24 months and under 3&
months of age.)

1st, Mary Jones Ragsdale, Fuquay Springs 95.5

2d, Rachel Frances Whitley, Wendell 94.S

3d, Marj- Hudson House, Cary 94.2

(Only three examined in this class.)

Eastern Carolina Division

East of Wake County.

Class 1. — (Boys over 6 months and under 24
months of age.)

Ist, Edwin McHenry Norton, Maxton --98

2d, Walter Graham Lynch, Roanoke Rapids..97. S
3d, Samuel Parvin HoUowell, Goldsboro, R. 4.97
4th, Selby Lawrence Turner, Pink HilL- 96.5

Class 2. — (Boys over 24 months and under SB'
months of age.)

Turner Battle Bunn, Jr., Rocky Mount.-- 96.5

Haughton Randolph, Washington 96.5

(These two babies tied for first prize.)

FOURTH PRIZE BABY

Calvin Nelson Murray,

Raleigh
Age, 29 months. Score, 99.6.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

169

3d, Boyce Brooks, Enfield ---95

4th, Ronald Jefferson Matlock, Hookerton..-94

Class 3.— (Girls over 6 months and under 24
months of age.)

Ethel Inez Lee, Garner, R. 1 96.5

Elizabeth Moore McRimmon, Rowland 96.5

(These two babies tied for first prize.)

3d, Kathleen Kimmell Miller, Oriental.-- 96

4th, LaVenia Mitchener, Franklinton 95.5

Class 4.— (Girls over 24 months and under 36
months of age.)

1st, Eunice Smith, Kenansville 95

2d, Katherine F. Herring, Wilson- 94.5

3d, Mattie McCuUen, Henderson - 94

4th, Delia McRimmon, Maxton - 91

Western Carolina Division

West of Wake County.

Class 1.— (Boys over 6 months and under 24
months of age.)

1st, Dick Hester Frazier, Bahama 99.8

2d, Paul E. Russell, Biscoe 99.4

Robert May nard Hobgood, Jr., Durham 97.5

Harvey Clegg Womble, Moncure, R. 2... 97.5

(These two babies tied for third prize.)

Class 2.^(Boys over 24 months and under 36
months of age.)

William Allen Kindel, Jr., Asheville - 98

Robert Worth Wilson, Durham 98

(These two babies tied fox first prize.)

3d, William B. Morris, Gastonia 96

4th, Zalpheus Lakey Rochelle, Durham 94

Class 3. — (Girls over 6 months and under 24
months of age.)

1st, Lillie B. Bynum, Goldston-- 96.5

Elizabeth Elaine Baucom, Carthage ..94.5

Alice Irma Hawkins, Oxford 94.5

(These two babies tied for second prize.)
4th, Dorothy May Holt, Durham 93

Class 4. — (Girls over 24 months and under 36
months of age.)

Ist, Virginia Adams Douglas, Greensboro 98

2d, Mary Frances Wagstaff, Chapel Hill 97.5

3d, Frances Elizabeth Carlton, KernersviUe..97
4th, Ruth F, PhilUps, Sanford 96.5

Even the briefest report of the con-
test would be incomplete without ex-
pressing publicly the debt of gratitude
of the mothers, the babies, and those
promoting the contest to all those
who assisted so generously with their
financial means, time, talent and serv-
ices. "We cannot enumerate all, but
certainly the following contributors of
prizes and prize funds should have
prominent mention:

The Woman's Home Com,panion, of

New York City, which contributed $100
in cash, besides valuable medals, cer-
tificates, scbre cards, literature on the
care and feeding of infants, and much
other assistance; the State Fair As-
sociation, which contributed $100;
the State Department of Agriculture,
which contributed $57 in prizes for
country babies; and the following list
of Woman's Clubs and personal con-
tributors to the cause throughout the
State :

Raleigh Woman's Club.

Wake County School Betterment

Association.
Goldsboro Woman's Club.
Southern Pines Civic Club.
Southern Association of College

Women, Raleigh Branch.
Mrs. M. T. Norris, Raleigh.
Carthage Civic Club.
Community Club, Chapel Hill.
Oxford Civic League.
Southport Civic Club.
Wilmington Sorosis.
Whiteville Civic League.
Greensboro Friday Afternoon Club.
Henderson Woman's Tuesday Club.
Henderson Civic League.
Greenville End of the Century

Club.
Wadesboro Woman's Club.
Farmville Ladies' Magazine Club.

Besides this list of cash contribu-
tions, the following Raleigh merchants
contributed special prizes for the Ra-
leigh babies:

Tyree's Studio.

J. P. Hayes.

Hunter-Rand Company.

H. Mahler's Sons.

Jolly & Wynne Jewelry Company.

Dobbin-Ferrall Company.

Cross & Linehan Company.

Raleigh Banking and Trust Com-
pany.

Merchants National Bank.

Citizens National Bank.

Commercial National Bank.

Goodwin-Smith Furniture Com-
pany.

Boylan-Pearce Company.

Barber & Towler.

Weathers Furniture Company.

Ellington's Studio.

G. L. Vinson Company.

170

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

But the prizes were only the sugar
coating. The feature that really
counted most of all was the personal
services and sacrifices of those who
stood the burden of the work. Promi-
nent among the workers were the va-
rious physicians throughout the State
who made the examinations, the mem-
bers of the Raleigh Nurses' Association
who assisted the physicians, the Ra-
leigh club women, who served on the
reception committee, the young ladies
from the Educational Department of
Meredith College, who recorded the
physicians' findings and kept the score
cards, the Raleigh Boy Scouts, who

were ever on the job as pages to run
errands and be generally useful, the
band from the Institution for the
Blind, which rendered music at the
presentation of the prizes, and a great
many others whose deeds of kindness
cannot here be enumerated.

Many of those who rendered the
most assistance with the contest have
remarked to the writer that they felt
will repaid when they saw the good
that was being accomplished and saw
how gladly many of the mothers re-
ceived simple suggestions and advice
in regard to bringing up "Better Ba-
bies."

THE PHILOSOPHY OF COLD FEET

Rev. George W. Lay, Rector of St. Mary's School, Raleigh, N. C.

"He got cold feet" is a colloquial
phrase involving several logical steps
of cause and effect. These few words
suggest the ideas that a person whose
feet get cold has his vitality lowered,
and that this has an effect on his
nerves, and that when his nerves are
affected his courage oozes out.

There is no more important point in
personal hygiene than keeping the
feet warm. There are several ways
in which we ward off attacks of dis-
ease, but the most important of all is
the very simple method of keeping the
whole body in a very high state of
health. We are continually sur-
rounded by the germs of disease, and,
in fact, our bodies frequently con-
tain them. We do not succumb to
these diseases, because the body has
sufficient resisting power to overcome
their attack. The stronger the body,
the more temperate and healthy the
mode of life, the more sanitary our
surroundings, the less likely are we to
give in to attacks of disease. One-
quarter of all of us have pneumonia

germs in our mouths all the time. We
do not have pneumonia because we
are able to resist the attack of these
germs, but if we become thoroughly
chilled in any way we have pneu-
monia, not because we obtain the
germs at that time, but because the
germs we already had in our system
are able to get in their deadly work.
The same thing holds true of such
germ diseases as our common colds,
and some of the forms of indigestion.
Plenty of exercise in the open air,
abundance of fresh air at night, cold
baths in moderation, and the right
amount of simple and nourishing
food, are all of them means to keep
our bodies in their best state of
strength to ward off the attacks of dis-
ease.

If we are not sufficiently clothed,
our circulation may be strong enough
to keep us apparently warm and make
us feel comfortable, but the system
has had an extra strain put upon -t,
and our vitality is thereby lowered.
If all the windows and doors of a

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

171

house are left wide open, where the
house is heated by steam, the radia-
tors may still be hot, and the circula-
tion of steam continuous, but if we
go down to the boilerroom we will
find a fireman using extra exertion to
keep the fire in the boiler up to the
proper state of efficiency. The sys-
tem of steam heating is apparently in
its normal condition, the difficulty we
find to lie in the overtaxing of the
furnace and boiler, and especially the
overworking of the fireman. Any
waste of heat places an extra burden
on the heating system. It is for this
reason that boilers and steam pipes
are surrounded by an asbestos cover-
ing which corresponds exactly to the
clothing we put around our bodies.
If we clothe ourselves properly our
boilers, so to speak, will have less
work to do and we can lay up an extra
supply of vital energy, while a dif-
ferent course taxes our system to the
utmost point of strain.

The feet are in the most unfavor-
able position to retain heat. They are
on the floor or ground where the tem-
perature is the coldest. They are also
in contact as a rule with cold sub-
stances which quickly withdraw the
heat from the body. We frequently
see shoes and other garments on
people, especially on the ladies, which
as far as protection from cold is con-
cerned are the mere symbols of cloth-
ing. A thin white slipper with a sole
one-sixteenth of an inch in thickness
is a mere symbol of a shoe. Other
garments frequently worn are no bet-
ter. The savage tattoos his body to
look like clothes, but he is not pro-
tected thereby from the cold. These
symbolic garments may look like
clothing, but as far as protecting
from cold is concerned they are en-
tirely useless, and simply deceive us
into misplaced confidence.

If I put my hand on something

wooden I do not feel cold. If I put
the same hand on a metal object in
the same room, it seems distinctly
cold. The temperature of the wood
and the metal is exactly the same, but
the metal is a better conductor of heat
and takes away heat faster from my
body, thereby giving the hand the
sensation of cold. In like manner
if I place my finger on a dry piece of
cloth it does not feel cold, but if the
cloth be wet it feels very cold, be-
cause the wet cloth, being a good
conductor of heat, abstracts the heat
from my body very rapidly.

It is for this reason that wet shoes
are generally recognized as being a
cause of illness. The same leather
which would be a poor conductor
when dry, becomes a good conductor
when wet, and rapidly takes away
the heat from the feet, and in turn
reduces the temperature and vitality
of the whole body. There is no par-
ticular danger in getting the feet wet,
and in fact all of the clothes wet, if
one keeps in motion and immediately
thereafter changes one's clothes en-
tirely. But a person whose shoes are
wet in the morning, as in going to
school, and who sits for several hours
in a room where the feet are in the
coldest air and next to a cold floor,
thereby takes the best means possible
to abstract heat from the body and
add to the task to be performed by
the internal boiler, and thus so weak-
ens the system as to make it likely to
give in at its tvcakest point.

The general idea is that this is
bound to give one a cold. As a matter
of fact, getting the feet wet or chilling
oneself suddenly is quite as likely lo
give a bad headache or some indiges-
tion as it is to give a cold. It merely
makes us more likely to get ill in the
way to which we are at the time most
liable. Rubber overshoes keep the
ordinary shoes dry, and when the

172

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

former are removed the feet are pro-
tected by dry shoes which are non-
conductors of heat, and therefore pro-
tect the body.

Even though the soles of the shoes
are not completely wet so as to make
the best conductors of heat, the pres-
ence of a layer of wet leather next
to the ground constitutes a refriger-
ating apparatus which rapidly absorbs
heat. Salt on the ice in an ice-cream
freezer causes the ice to melt and
thereby abstracts the heat from the
ice-cream holder and causes the ice
cream in turn to freeze. The army
canteen is a metal holder for water
surrounded by a cotton or woolen cloth.
By dipping the whole canteen in water
this cloth is made wet, and then
when hung in the air the water evap-
orates, and in doing so becomes a
refrigerating apparatus causing the
water within the canteen to become
cool and fit to drink. A similar
arrangement is very common in the
west, and possibly other parts of the
country, especially among those who
use automobiles. It is a bag about
twelve by eighteen inches, usually
made of strong, thick canvas. This
hag is thoroughly soaked in water, and
when it is filled with about two gal-
lons of water, sufficient water leaks
through to evaporate and keep the
water within at a temperature suita-
ble for drinking purposes. This same
result is obtained in various parts
of the world by the use of a porous,
earthenware jar, which will allow
sufficient moisture to escape through
the pores to evaporate and cool the
water within.

We are more familiar with this
cooling effect in the case of alcohol,
or cologne, which is largely alcohol.
We know that if we put cologne on

our foreheads when we have a head-
ache, it has the effect of cooling the
forehead and giving relief. This is
because the cologne evaporates more
rapidly than water does. Also the
provision of nature by which we per-
spire in hot weather is for the same
purpose, namely, that the slight mois-
ture on the skin, by continual evapo-
ration, shall cool the skin and thereby
reduce the temperature of the body.

When even a part of the soles of
our shoes is wet we have a refrigerat-
ing apparatus which rapidly reduces
the temperature of the whole body. It
is not necessary that the feet or stock-
ings themselves be wet, because the
same results to a certain degree will
be accomplished even though the
whole sole of the shoe may not be
wet. There is nothing in water that
gives a cold or reduces temperature.
If we kept our feet in water that was
of the temperature of the body it would
not abstract any cold from us and we
would not suffer thereby. But the
temperature of the damp earth or of
the rain is lower than that of our
bodies, and, as shown above, the wet
shoe by evaporation reduces the tem-
perature even lower.

Everyone should wear in damp and
cold weather sensible shoes with fairly
thick soles; the thicker the sole, the
thicker the layer of dry, nonconducting
leather. Care in the protection of our
lower extremities may seem too simple
a thing to think much about, but it
will prevent a very large proportion
of the ordinary headaches, indiges-
tions, and colds that we have, and will
also make us far less liable to attacks
from other diseases, including tuber-
culosis, to which our systems are
likely to succumb.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

173

OUR WHOLE TIME COUNTY HEALTH OFFICERS
What Outsiders Think of Them

p. W. Covin
With Rowan and Nash, whose com-
missioners at a recent meeting made
an appropriation for the employment
of a whole time county health officer,
we have now twelve counties in the
State which belong to the whole time
county health officer group. The
other ten are Columbus, Sampson,
Johnston, Robeson, New Hanover, Dur-
ham, Guilford, Forsyth, Rockingham,
and Buncombe. It is expected from
time to time that others of our pro-

GTON, M.D.

ment: a member of President Wil-
son's Cabinet writes:

Department of Agbiculttjbe,
Washington, D. C.
Db. p. W. Covington,

State Board of Health,
Raleigh, N. C.
Dear Doctor: — I was glad to get
your letter saying that you are push-
ing a plan to give each county a full-
time health officer. I know of no more
important step for any state to take
than this. I think it is time that the
great mass of people living in the

The shaded counties have a whole-time health officer
and an active county health department, while the
counties in white have an inactive county board of
health and no whole-time health officer.

gressive counties will join this group
when more of our county officials
realize that public health is purchas-
able and that, within natural limita-
tions, a community can determine its
own death rate, and that the greatest
advertisement any community can
have is that of a low death rate. This
will be brought out all the more
forcibly in that now we have the en-
forcement of the vital statistics law.
Soon every community will realize
that its greatest asset is the health
of its citizens and that it is wise
economy to spend money in conserv-
ing this.

The following is what a few of
OUR leading men think of the
Whole Time Health Officer move-

rural districts be induced to provide
adequate local arrangements. Cer-
tainly nothing is more important than
that they should have a thoroughly
competent man giving his entire time
to the care of the public health. I think
such an arrangement will be an invest-
ment. It will pay in dollars and cents,
and immeasurably in physical comfort
and peace of mind. I think every coun-
ty in the Union should have a full-time,
well paid, competent health officer,
with adequate authority, financial sup-
port and assistance.

Sincerely yours,

D. P. Houston,
Secretary.

William F. Snow, of California, one
of the most intelligent commissioners
of health, says, among other things,
in a recent letter to Dr. Rankin:

174

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

"I want to congratulate you on the
very valuable and practical bulletin
which you have recently issued and
"Which contains an article on the full-
time county health oflBcer. You are
striking at the very heart of our ad-
ministrativ problem, I think."

Dr. Chas. 8. Prest, of the State
Charities Aid Association of New
York, says in a recent letter:

"The marked copy of the recently
amended health laws of North Caro-
lina and the pamphlets giving argu-
ment for the employment of the
whole time county health officer are
at hand, and I thank you for them. I
am particularly interested in the
whole time county health officer, for
New York State is about to inaugurate
the employment of district health of-
ficers which were intended to be
whole-time men * * * i would
appreciate it if you would send me

one-half dozen copies each of the
pamphlets on the whole time county
health officer, as well as an additional
copy of your Compilation of Public
Health Laws. I wish to transmit the
copies of the pamphlets to the mem-
bers of the State Board of Health
Council."

Dr. Dinsmore. of the Alabama
State Board of Health, tvrites:

"Dr. Sa^c'ers is busy in the field
and has asked me to write a letter for
him seeking certc'.in information
about the whole time county health
officer. North Carolina seems to be
leading the other states in this mat-
ter and I feel that you are in a posi-
tion to give us valuable information.
We are making a si ecial effort just
now to secure whole time county
health officers in two counties in our
State, and the prospects for doing so
are very good."

FACTS ABOUT GOLDS

Colds are the commonest malady we
have. Everybody should know the A
B C's about colds. Here they are, put
in practical form by an authority on
the subject:

"1. Colds are shown to be conta-
gious and, therefore, caused by germs
by the simple fact that they are 'catch-
ing'; one can take cold from another
person who has a cold.

"2. Severe colds always begin with
a sensation of chilliness, followed by
more or less of a fever — chills and
fever. That is the identical manner
in which practically every infectious
disease caused by microbes begins its
career.

"3. Like all germ-caused diseases,
colds have a tendency to run a more
or less definite course. They are self-
limited; that is, after a certain time
they usually begin to recover of them-
selves. In this way a cold behaves ex-

actly as do measles, chicken pox, scar-
let fever, pneumonia, etc.

"4. Like other infectious diseases,
colds may be followed by inflamma-
tions in various internal organs, pro-
ducing a congestion of the stomach,
lungs, liver, spleen, or kidneys. These
secondary results are due to the irri-
tating effects of the poisons (toxins)
of the germs circulating in the blood
stream of the patient. These symp-
toms of secondary poisoning follow
in the wake of colds and influenza,
ju£t as they follow attacks of diph-
theria and scarlet fever.

"5. Colds are shown to be infectious
by the fact that they are usually,
sometimes highly, contagious; when
we have a severe cold, we can give it
to others, to those individuals who
are susceptible.

"6. Colds, like other contagious mal
adies, can be prevented, controlled,

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

175

and regulated by isolation and quar-
antine; and we should hasten the
time when they will be thus sensibly
regarded and scientifically treated.

"7. Colds are shown to be more or
less infectious by the fact that they
can generally, in their earlier stages,
be successfully treated and effectually
aborted by the use of antiseptic nose
washes and germicidal throat gargles.

"8. That common colds are of an in-
fectious nature is further suggested

by the well known fact that a severe
cold seems to confer a short-lived
immunity upon its victim. That is,
a healthy, robust person, who Is just
recovering from a very bad cold, is
not likely to have another such at-
tack for several months, maybe not
for a full year. Some folks have their
regular colds once each winter; then
they are seldom bothered for another
year."

PROVIDENCE NOT TO BLAME

We often see resolutions of condo-
lence beginning with: "Whereas it
has pleased an All Wise Providence
to remove from the scene of his earthly
suffering, and after a long and pain-
ful illness, our beloved friend, John
Smith, whose death from typhoid
fever occurred on the blank day of
blank," etc. Some day in the not far
distant future a death from typhoid,
the king of filth diseases, will in-
voke a resolution from the mourning
friends of the deceased which will
read something like this:

Whereas, through the criminal neg-
lect, carelessness and incompetency
of our city officials, our water supply
was permitted to be polluted with
sewage and other dangerous filth, to
the extent of making it unsafe to use;
and,

Whereas, as a result of such crimi-
nal carelessness, neglect and incompe-
tency of our city, our beloved friend
and fellow townsman, John Smith,
was killed with typhoid fever; there-
fore,

Be it Resolved, That we condemn the
lack of care and vigilance shown by
those whose business it is to safe-
guard the public health and whose

negligence and disregard of their oflB-
cial duties have caused the death of
our friend and brought sorrow to his
family; and,

Be it further Resolved, That we
earnestly urge upon the public prose-
cutor that he take immediate steps
to bring before the bar of justice the
men who in their official capacities
are responsible for the death of our
friend and for the presence of a dan-
gerous and loathsome disease in our
city.

In the light of sanitary science we
are becoming less and less inclined
to place the blame on Providence for
the sickness and suffering that are
due to our ignorance or carelessness,
or both. God's agencies, if left to
work unmolested, make the waters of
our lakes and rivers pure. Men de-
file and pollute them. So, when an
epidemic of typhoid breaks out In a
community and is traced to a polluted
water supply, the resulting sickness
and loss of human lives should not be
charged against an all wise and mer-
ciful Providence, but rather to an ig-
norant, unenlightened and careless
community. — Chicago Health Depart-
ment.

176

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

WHEN AND HOW TO BATHE

If you want health, a clear complex-
ion, a system well toned, you should
make it an invariable rule to take
some kind of a bath not fewer than
365 times a year.

The temperature of the bath? That
depends. If you are of a vigorous
constitution — or wish to be — I would
advise a cold water bath, provided you
have enough vitality for the necessary
reaction; if not, begin with lukewarm
water, and have it less warm each
day, as the body gradually becomes
accustomed to the change. The water
should be of a temperature to suit
tV body rather than the mind.

A certain Chicago doctor claims that
bathing of any kind, especially with
soap, is detrimental. He further claims
that consumption may be cured and
also prevented by non-bathing. There
are thousands of people (lazy people)
who will rise up and call that doctor
blessed. His legitimate sphere is
among the "Weary Willies."

Bathing, daily bathing, is necessary
to obtain the very best bodily condi-
tions. Health requires that the four
eliminating agents of the body (lungs,
kidneys, bowels, skin) should be kept
normally active. Deep breathing is
essential to the first; water, Inside and
outside, for the three remaining
agents.

A cold bath is always stimulating,
and has no detrimental reaction for
one who is sufficiently robust to take
it. If you are obliged to exercise after
bathing for the purpose of getting
warm, it is a sure indication that your
vitality is too low for such a bath.
This applies with equal force to the
matter of dressing immediately after
bathing.

When the cold water comes in con-
tact with the skin, the superficial
blood vessels contract, the blood is

driven to the internal organs, and the
t mperatu-e there is raised, while the
temperature at the surface is tempo-
rarily lowered. Then when the reac-
tion takes place (a healthful reaction),
the skin vessels dilate, the blood rushes
back to them, and the bather experi-
ences a pleasant glow over the entire
body. A cold water bath in a cold
room is a positive luxury — for one
whose vitality is high.

A hot water bath, as a rule, should
be avoided, especially by those that
are nervous. While it is a powerful
stimulant of the nervous and vascular
system, it is usually followed with
strong reaction. The fibrous ends of
the nerves, extending over the surface
of the body, are thrown into a state of
excitement, and so-called nervous leak-
age follows. Should you insist upon
taking a hot water bath, it should be
taken immediately before retiring. If
taken during the day, do • not fail to
follow it with a plunge or, at least, a
dash of cold water. Be neither over-
warm nor chilled when passing from
the bath to the outer air. A hot water
bath being a reducer, it may be de-
sired by the very obese, but the thin,
spare person should avoid it.

A warm water or tepid bath is
highly recommended for those that
can not take a cold bath. The effect
is soothing, the blood flowing into the
relaxed superficial vessels of the skin,
and thereby increasing its functions.
As heat facilitates the bodily func-
tions, a warm bath will often do more
to freshen a fatigued person than si
longer time spent in sleep. If the bath
be only moderately warm (tepid) ii
acts as a sedative to the nervous sys-
tem. Those who take the cold bath
daily should take a warm bath, with
soap, at least once a week, for the
sake of cleanliness. — Idaho State Board
of Health.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

177

THE PRESS ON THE OXYPATHOR

In commenting on the exposure of
the Oxypathor fraud, the State Journal
gives voice to the following:

"If the State Board of Health is
correct, then it is unquestionably the
duty of the press to lend its aid by
giving as wide publicity as possible
to the exposure. The fact that the
Oxypathor pays certain papers large
sums for advertising should not alter
the case. Until the State Journal is
ready to attack the State Board of
Health as a useless department of
government, or call for the retirement
of those now composing that Board
as unworthy public servants, it stands
ready to cooperate with it in protect-
ing the health and lives of the people.
This course may lose us much money,
which we might otherwise get from
advertising of a questionable character,
but we say frankly that if this paper
can not be published without being a
party to defrauding the people and
endangerirg their health and lives, it
will cease publication."

Lack of space forbids our quoting
freely from state papers in regard to
this matter, but to show what we be-
lieve to be the general attitude of
the press in regard to exposing such
frauds, w quote the following from
Charity and Children:

"We are especially fortunate in
North Carolina in having a State

Board of Health that stands between
the people and the fakes and frauds
that abound in the practice of medi-
cine and the selling of 'remedies' by
quacks and rascals. The people are
helpless in defending themselves from
impostors who advertise freely and
make glowing promises, but our State
Board of Health scans the whole field
with eagle eyes, and suffers no fraud
to escape. They have recently picked
up one or two of these clever pro-
moters who proposed to trade on the
necessity and distress of those who
do not know, and we are constantly re-
ceiving wholesome advice from the
gentlemen as to what is spurious and
what is genuine in the field of medi-
cine. There is much for this Board
to do, and they are faithfully per-
forming their duty, but in our judg-
ment nothing in all the broad domains
of their activity surpasses in impor-
tance this matter of protecting the
public from frauds and deceivers."

While we appreciate the nice things
said about the work of this Board,
and feel that perhaps we are given
more credit in this direction than we
deserve, yet it should be borne in
mind that frauds and fakes are hard
to reach at best, and that no laws
whatsoever exist to back up the efforts
of this Board in such matters.

TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL

The question is frequently asked,
"Have you any statistics on the effect
of tobacco and alcohol on the length of
life?" No, we have none here in
North Carolina. In fact, we just be-
gan gathering our first general birth
and death certificates on the 15th of
last November, and it will be several
years before they begin to show very
much. However, we have just run

across some interesting facts and fig-
ures compiled by life insurance com-
panies along these lines. Certain life
insurance companies, particularly in
Great Britain, have found the mor-
tality rate so much lower among ab-
stainers that they are quoted a lower
life insurance rate than others. The
most striking figures, however, are fur-
nished by a New England company.

ALMANAC NUMBER

E)i]ill(g§5)

Publi3lYedb4 Tni. ^°Km C^^LI/^A STATE. B9ARD s^rtEMJA
1 Thi5 Bul'lelin will be sqy\\ free to arwj citizen of Ihe State upo:\ request, j

Published monthly at the office of the Secretary of the Board, Raleigh, N. C.
Entered as second-class matter at Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, under Act of July 18, 1894.

Vol. XXVIII.

JANUARY, 1914.

No. 10

THE WOMEN'S WARD

State Sanatorium for the Treatment of Tuberculosis

^^^^^^^^^B^^Br MU^^i^^Br

■ r^ '^^J

*' Here's to the land of the longleaf pine,
The summer land where the sun doth shine ;
Where the weak grow strong and the strong grow great ;
Here's to down home, the old North State."

o
u

-3 0
> "X

■^ r
cd r
o •-

o
^ 0

• t-
c

miTHuaion m-scfooi. iPineirr ncoicife

sflnir/iRY imncnai

ZODIAC OF HEALTH

The many good points about the zodiac of health
require that we republish it. No almanac is quite
con: J lete without a zodiac, hence our health zodiac.

A DIRTY CUSS

"Who for the public has no better use
Than to smear clean walks with to-
bacco juice,
Expecting others to clean his muss,
Can be justly termed a 'dirty cuss.' "
* * *

"The nation with the keenest sense
of justice and the highest standard
of intelligence and morals is the one
which should place the highest value
upon human life and surround it
with the greatest protection."

Roll on thou stiff and dark old towel,
roll—
A hundred hands are wiped on thee
each day;
Thou leavest mystic records, like a
scroll,
And finger prints of all who pass thy
way;
And where be those who saidst thou
should not stay?
They pass, but thou rollest thy length
immense.

FREE PUBLIC HEALTH LITERATURE

mail.
No. 9. Medical Inspection of Schools

and School Children.
No. 10. Care and Feeding of Babies.
No. 11. The Plague of Flies and

Mosquitoes.
No. 12. Residential Sewage Disposal

Plants.
No. 13. Sanitary Privy.
No. 14. Hookworm Disease,
No. 15. Malaria.
No. 18. Tuberculosis Leaflet.
No. 19. Compilation of Public Health

Laws of North Carolina.
No. 20. Tuberculosis Bulletin.
No. 21. Fly Leaflet.
No. 22. Baby Leaflet.
No. 23. The Vital Statistics Law.
No. 25. Typhoid Fever Leaflet.

No. 27. The Whole Time County

Health Officer.
No. 28. Typhoid Fever.
No. 29. Rules and Regulations for

County Boards of Health.
No. 30. Measles.
No. 31. Whooping Cough.
No. 32. Diphtheria.
No. 33. Soarlet Fever.
No. 34. Smallpox.
No. 35. Some Light on Typhoid.
No. 36. County Health Work on an

Efficient Basis.
Anti-Spitting Placards (11

inches by 9 inches).
Anti-Fly Placards (11 inches

by 19 inches).

TtS?

Kmrni

Q)M

I PUBLI5AED &YTML HPf^TA CAIgOLIhA 5TATL BOAIgP 5-^M£ALfal|[°]

xxvm.

JANUARY, 1914.

No. 10.

yiTAL STATISTICS REMINDERS.

Physicians, midwives and parents
are required to report each birth
within ten days to the local regis-
trar in whose town or township the
birth occurs. If you don't know
who is the local registrar in your
town or township, ask your mayor,
the chairman of your Board of
County Commissioners, or write the
State Board of Health.

Failure to report births may de-
prive the individual of personal,
social or property rights, and is a
violation of law.

Undertakers, or persons acting as
such, are required to furnish a com-
plete death certificate to the local
registrar in the town or township
in which the death occurs.

Failure to secure a certificate of
death which gives the cause of death
and family history may deprive a
widow or orphan of a pension or
insurance fund, prevent the State
Board of Health from locating an
epidemic which it can stop, cause
the spread of disease, and is a vio-
lation of law.

Local registrars should inform
the State Registrar of violations of
the law, giving names and addresses
and the facts.

If an epidemic occurs in a com-
munity, local registrars should in-
form the State Registrar, that the
State Board of Health may take
steps at once to stop the spread of
the disease.

GOVERNOR TO COMPLIMENT
MOTHERS.

Will Write Personal Letter to Every

Mother Who Has Her Baby

Registered.

Governor Craig is greatly inter-
ested in JJ^orth Carolina babies and
in extending the full privileges of
the new vital statistics law to
every baby born in the State. To
this end he has just announced that,
in special recognition of every baby
whose birth is recorded under this
new law, he will write the mother
a letter and not only compliment
her on her motherhood, but express
his personal appreciation of her hav-
ing availed herself of the privilege
of the new law. Babies whose par-
ents do not think enough of them
to have their births recorded will of
course not hear from the Governor.

Along with the Governor's letter
the State Board of Health has asked
to be allowed to send some of its
best literature on the care and feed-
ing of infants, in this way endeav-
oring to reduce our tremendous in-
fant mortality.

The Governor fully appreciates
the great privilege the State affords
its citizens in making complete of-
ficial records of their births and
deaths. 'There is a provision in the
new law whereby births and deaths
that occurred before the law became
effective last fall may be registered,
and it is interesting to note that our
own Governor was the first citizen
of the State to avail himself of this
privilege and to file his birth certi-
ficate.

182

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

STOMACH TROUBLE.

How often we hear this term
"stomach trouble." Did you ever
have it? If you have, you know
what a humbler it is, how effec-
tually it humbles one's pride, how
thoroughly it dissipates one's ego-
tism. Yet stomach trouble is not
a wholesome discipline, for the
longer it continues the grouchier
and more impossible we become.
The stomach these days is a sort of
garbage can. It is suspended by
straps immediately south of the tho-
racic cavity, and being connected
with that funnel called the mouth
by a good strong tube, it readily
catches chunks of dead animals,
lumps of poorly baked bread, boluses
of vegetables, ices, pickles, soggy
pies, weinerwurst, booze, and muddy
coffee. The tobacco eaters add that
portion of tobacco juice which they
don't use for flooding sidewalks.

There is no more patient and
long-suffering organ in the human
body than the stomach. It is amaz-
ing how long it will stand abuse,
but once it kicks back, then look
out, for something is coming to you
sure. You may hit it with an un-
killed railroad sandwich, scorch and
burn it with pepper and mustard,
irritate it with salt and vinegar,
.»hill it with ice cream, ice water
and mint juleps, pour stinking min-
eral water into it, shrink it with
rotgut whiskey, assault it in any
old way, and it will work uncom-
plainingly for a long time ; until —
alas ! and alack ! some day it will
go on a strike, and then the doctor
for you, or you run to the drug store
and proceed t© souse the poor thing
with patent medicines. Of course
tbey do harm, although temporary
relief may be secured. So the world
becomes dark and lifp is a failure

to you, but you quit bolting and
gorging, that's sure; for that much
sense will come finally to any kind
of a fool. Oh, that we could have
the good sense to know, when young,
that the stomach should not be used
for a garbage can. Then we would
not load our tables with foods, some
good, some bad, and then chase them
half chewed down our gullets witb
black coffee or ice water.

"Full many a man has lost his head
Through eating soggy, half-cooked

bread,
And he who would his kidneys save
Had best avoid the whisky wave.
Your heart and nervous system, too,
Are surely worth a heap to you.
Why prod them, then, with nicotine.
And make believe all is serene?
In tobacco heart there is no wealth,
And what is more, there's weakened

health.
Oh! foolish man, when thus you

choose
Your soul and body to abuse;
You'll realize, some pleasant morn.
That you have raised an awful

storm." — Indiana Bulletin.

GIVE YOUR BABY A GOOD START
IN LIFE.

"The latest reports of the Bureau of
Census on mortality statistics show
that slightly more than 42 per cent of
the infants dying under one year of
age in the registration area in 1911
did not live to complete the first month
of life, and that of this 42 per cent, al- i
most seven-tenths died as a result of 1
conditions existing before they were i
born or of injury and accident at
birth."

In many instances the expectant
mother does not consult her physi-
cian until the child is about to be
born, if, indeed, she consults him
at all, presuming the condition to i
be a perfectly normal one that needs >
no assistance. This mistake is made,
frequently. In order that the ;
mother can intelligently prepare mid

1st Month.

JANUARY, 1914.

31 Days.

Th
Fr

Su
Mo
Tu
We

Th
Fr

Su
Mo

Tu
We

Th
Fr

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

New Year's Day. Start the year right.

Take a bath every day this year.

Ventilate — don't hibernate. Fresh air is cheap.

Gov. David L. Swain of North Carolina born, 1808,
An open window is better than an open grave.
Epiphany. Too much fresh air is just enough.
When grown people have "chicken pox," keep away

from them.
Battle of New Orleans, 1815.

The neglected cold is the season's greatest danger.
The best disinfectants — sunshine, soap and hot water.

Sir Hans Sloane, father of British Museum, died, 1753.
Warm rooms have killed more people than ever froze

to death.
Sunshine is God's best germ destroyer.
To avoid colds, keep your feet dry and warm, and

ventilate your house.
Fall of Fort Fisher, 1865. [kerchief.

Cough and sneeze on the Q. T. Get behind a hand-
Benj. Franklin born, 1706. Victory at Cowpens, 1781.

Don't cork up your house like a bottle.
Robert E. Lee's birthday. Paul Revere's ride, 1775.
Avoid patent medicines as you would a pestilence.
"Stonewall" Jackson born, 1824.
Wilmington captured by the Federal Army, 1865.
William Gaston died, 1844.

Edward Hyde appointed first Governor of North
Carolina, 1712.

Air your house thoroughly every day.

Jenner, discoverer of vacciaation, died, 1823.

Many a cough ends in a coffin.

Cuban independence, 1909. Don't spit.

Every careless consumptive infects at least four others.

A "stiff drink" makes the stomach warm but the

skin cold.
Thinly clad feet make for heavy colds.

Sun

Rises

3 First Quarter, 4
:2) Full Moon, 11

MOON'S PHASES
H M

7 55 morning
11 55 evening

7 11
7 10
7 10

7 10
7 10
7 10
7 10

7 10
7 10
7 10

Sets

4 58

5 0
5 1

Moon

Rises
or

Sets

7 9
7 9

5 5
5 6
5 6

5 9
5 10

10 00

11 2
11 57

morn

0 57

1 59
3 0

4
5
6

7
8

ises
5 32

6 44

7 58

7 9 5 11 9 13
7 9 5 12 10 24
7 8 5 13 11 36

7 2

14 morn

15 0 51

5 26

2 5

3 18

4 28

5 30

6 24

7 9
sets

6 44

7 48

8 49

9 44

10 45

C Last Quarter, 18
© New Moon, 26

H M

7 16 evening
1 20 morning

THINGS TO DO ON THE FARM IN JANUARY.

Take an inventory; see what you are worth; find out what you have on hand that you do not need
and arrange to dispose of it; find out what you need in the way of equipment for economical
farming and arrange to get it if possible.

Look after the live stock and poultry to see that they are comfortable and doing well; be sure espe-
cially that there are no lice on either.

Clear out the stumps, bushes and briers: get rid of needless ditches and terrace banks.

Start the garden; give it a coat of manure and plant the early hardy crops.

Take care of the manure: get it out on the fields as early as possible.

Get a good book on fertilizers and soil fertility and study this matter just as a boy studies a lesson
in school; it will be as profitable work as you ever did.

184

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

care for lier baby, she should select
and consult her physician early in
pregnancy. Those who are unable
to employ a physician should place
themselves under the care of the lo-
cal maternity societies.

A poorly fed or abnormal mother
can not give birth to a vigorous,
healthy infant and nurse it; hence,
the quantity and kind of food, the
methods by which constipation is
to be avoided, the importance of
bathing, the forms of exercise and
work which should be indulged in,
the style of clothing which should
be worn, pelvic deformities, and the
prevention of kidney complications
are vital topics which should be
discussed with the family physi-
cian.

A lower death rate among babies
can only be accomplished through
intelligent motherhood, maternal
nursing, cleanliness and fresh air,
and pure and properly prepared
milk for the babies who have to be
artificially fed.

ADD THESE TO TOUR RESOLU-
TIONS FOR THIS TEAR.

I will ventilate.

I will not wilfully spread conta-
gion among my fellow-men.

I will endeavor to make my
neighbors' front yards envious of my
back yard.

I will not drive hob nails into
my liver by the excessive use of
alcohol.

I will endeavor to get more of
God's good sunshine and pure air.

I will not patronize the dirty
milkmen, fly-infested markets and
restaurants, unprotected fruit and
candy stands, the "hokey-pokey
man" or other health-menacing
agencies.

I will hold health in higher es-

teem and will try so to live that I,

my family, my neighbors, my
friends, may be healthier, happier
and more content.

I will interest myself in securing
larger appropriations for public
health work in order that the health
and life of every member of my
family may be more efficiently safe-
guarded.— Chicago Bulletin.

DR. OSLER'S CHALLENGE TO THE
UNVACCINATED.

Dr. Osier, one of the greatest liv-
ing medical authorities, takes occa-
sion to lay down the strongest chal-
lenge to the unvaccinated -we have
seen for some time. Those timid
ones who are afraid of a sore arm
or those ignoramuses who do not
know the protecting power of vacci-
nation will do well to read Dr. Os-
ier's challenge.

A great deal of literature has been
distributed casting discredit upon the
value of vaccination in the preven-
tion of smallpox. I do not see how
any one who has gone through epi-
demics as I have, or who is familiar
with the history of the subject, and
who has any capacity left for clear
judgment, can doubt its value. Some
months ago I was twitted by the
editor of the Journal of the Anti-vac-,
cination League for "a curious si-
lence" on this subject. I would like
to issue a Mount Carmel-like challenge
to any ten unvaccinated priests of
Baal. I will go into the next severe
epidemic with ten selected, vaccinated
persons and ten selected unvaccinated
persons — I should prefer to choose
the latter — three members of Parlia-
ment, three anti-vaccination doctors,
if they could be found, and four anti-
vaccination propagandists. And I will
make this promise — neither to jeer nor
jibe when they catch the disease, but
to look after them as brothers, and
for the four or five who are certain
to die, I will try to arrange the funer-
als with all the pomp and ceremony
of an anti-vaccination demonstration. —
American Magazine.

2cl Month.

FEBRUARY, 1914.

28 Days.

o
>>

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

Sun

Rises

Sets

Moon

Rises

Sets

ISu

2JMo

sItu

4!we
5Th
6Fr

7Sa

; 8SU

9Mo

10 Tu

11 We
12iTh

13Fr

14 Sa

15Su
16jMo

17Tu
18lWe

IQTh

20 Fr

21 Sa

22 Su

23 Mo

24Tu
25We

Americans defeated by the British at Cowan's Ford,
1781.

Ground Hog Day. Don't be a ground hog. Come
out every day.

Wiley, North Carolina's first superintendent of pub-
lic instruction, born, 1819.

The man who dreads vaccination never saw smallpox.

Whiskey is the chief ally of pneumonia.

France concluded treaty with the United States, 1778.

Stamp Act passed by the British Parliament, 1765.

To avoid pneumonia — ^keep your windows open.

A stitch in the underwear may save a stitch in the

side.
Pneumonia is spread by intemperance, exposure and
Wake Forest College founded, 1834. [carelessness.
Abraham Lincoln born, 1809. First student entered

University of North Carolina, 1795.
Keep on being a fresh air fiend even if it is cold.
St. Valentine's Day. Don't spit.

Destruction of battleship Maine at Havana, 1898.

Safeguards against pneumonia — a temperate Ufe,
fresh air, ample clothing, abundant food.

Most colds are catching.

Richard H. Lewis, Secretary North Carolina State
Board of Health, born, 1850.

James Davis, first printer in North CaroUna, ap-
pointed pubUc printer to the province, 1754.

Sleep with your windows open — make health while
the moon shines.

Armed resistance to the landing of British stamps
at Brunswick, 1766.

George Washington born, 1732. Get vaccinated.

Thomas Fanning Wood, first Secretary North Caro-
lina State Board of Health, born, 1841. . .

Keep the indoor air pure and healthful.

Ash Wednesday. A large pock on the arm beats
small pocks on the face.

The best weapon against pneumonia — high body

Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge, 1776. [resistance.

North Carolina voted against calling a convention
to carry the State out of the Union, 1861.

7 1 5 27

11 45

7 0 5 28 morn

7 0

6 59
6 58
6 58
6 57

6 56
6 55

6 54
6 53
6 53

6 52
6 51

6 50
6 49

6 48
6 47

6 46

6 44

6 43

6 42
6 41

6 40
6 39

5 28 0 46

29
30
31
32

48
50
52
50

5 33

5 34:

5 35
5 36
5 37

5 38
5 39

5 42

6 28

rises
6 53

8 10

9 22
10 39

5 40| 11 54

5 41' morn

5 42 1 9

5 43 2 21

5 44 3 24

5 45 4 20

5 461 5 7

6 38

6 37

47
47

48
4S

5o;

5 43

6 15

sets

6 38

7 35

8 35

9 35

^ First Quarter,
© FuU Moon,

MOON'S PHASES.

D H M D H M

3 5 19 morning , ^ Last Quarter, 17 4 9 morning

10 0 21 evening [ (§» New Moon, 24 6 48 evening

TiirxGS ro DO ov the farm ix fehruary.

Buy your seeds, both farm and garden.

Get to work in the garden; manure and fertilize it; plant hardy crops, peas, radishes, onions, lettuce,

■potatoes, etc., outdoors; sow tomatoes, pepper, eggplant seed in hotbeds or boxes.
Prune the fruit trees; clean all trash out of the orchard; spray with lime-sulphur.
Look after the poultry houses; set the incubator or some hens; order needed stock and eggs.
Fix up about the house; plant shrubs; topdress the lawn; fix up the yard and garden fences.

186

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

GET WHAT'S COMING TO TOU.

There's twenty-four hours' worth
of fresh air due you every day, and
if you don't get it, the changes are
that you are to blame. Of course,
there are the close, stuffy, vile-smell-
ing "movies," and the churches but
little better. You are not altogether
responsible for the poison you
breathe there. There may be some
excuse for the "movies." They
have to be closed and darkened, but
church ventilation — well, someone
said, "the devil only knows" about
that. Even when a minister pours
out his very life itself before a
drowsy congregation, is it any won-
der that he doesn't get results ?

But it is not always up to the
"movies" or the churches, not by any
means. There is your own house,
the very room in which you are now
sitting. If you have a single win-
dow open six inches, don't read an-
other word of this article. It
doesn't concern you. But if you
haven't any windows open, the
chances are ten to one that you are
afraid of that "cold draft." No,
of course you are not a draft crank.
We didn't say you were. But, by
the way, did you ever notice how
that genus, of the set-you-know,
just not "our kind" — the "draft
crank," has his inning from about
the middle of October to the middle
of April? Then that hoary igno-
ramus gives way to that delightful
nymph we court on the verandas, in
the shade, or out in the summer
sleeping porch, whose maiden name
is Delightful Breeze, fairest daugh-
ter of Fresh Air.

But we must get back to the house,
and, in most cases, the stove heated
house in winter. There is where
we heat the same old air over and
OTer again, and breathe it over and

over again, until the wonder is that
the stuff doesn't wear threadbare.

What are we going to do about
it? Easy enough. In the first
place, we'll raise the window.
That's settled. 'No, we will not get
a "cold draft," either. That is a
vulgar phrase, never used except by
the unlettered. What will we do?

WINDOW VENTILATOR.
Aslanting piece of glass ( or a board ) placed in
a window frame diverts incoming fresh air upward
into the room without causing objectionable
"drafts."

We'll set a piece of glass, about a
foot high and as long as the window
is wide, in a slanting position across
this opening, as shown in the pic-
ture. Then those life-giving in-
coming zephyrs will be slanted up-
ward and diffused with some of
those vile emanations from excret-
ing lungs, to say nothing of decay-
ing teeth, offensive mouths, neglected
laundry or forgotten bath.

In the accompanying cut you see
such a glass placed on two slanting
cleats, with the lower part of the
sash above the top edge of the glass.
and no draft. That is the best and
cheapest window ventilator we have
found. When placed as shown, it
is as easily removed as a book from
the table. Try it. Tf you think

3d Month.

MARCH, 1914.

31 Days.

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

Rises

Moon

I Rises
Sets 1 or
I Sets

Su Ratification of the Articles of Confederation com-
pleted, 1781.

Mo Clean up and keep clean — and don't spit.

Tu Consumption can be cured, if taken in time.

We The undertaker comes seldom to the house with open

Th Boston Massacre, 1770. Dont' spit. [windows.

Fr The tubercular dairy cow is a menace to public
health. [consumption.

Sa Fresh air, rest and good food are the only cures for

Su Bath, first town in North Carolina, incorporated, 1705.

Mo Sleeping in the open air is insurance against con-

Tu Davidson College incorporated, 1837. [sumption.

We The best thing about a window — raising it.

Th To give other people consumption — spit on their

floors.

Fr Fresh air in the lungs is as helpful as money in the

Sa The only bad night air is last night's air. [bank.

Su Defeat of Greene by Cornwallis at Guilford Court

House, 1781.
Mo Fresh air is cheaper than drugs and better than doc-
Tu St. Patrick's Day. No spit, no consumption, [tors.
We Keep the windows open and the piU box shut.
Th It is better to sleep in a cold room than in a cold

grave.

Fr Fake consumption cures guarantee only one thing —
Sa Beginning of spring. [death.

Su It is easier to ventilate a room than to dig a grave.

Mo A fool and his health are soon parted.

Tu First charter of Carolina issued by King Charles II,

We Patent medicines never cure consumption. [1663.

Th Feed yourself plenty of oxygen.

Fr Fresh air is the prime factor in acquiring physical

perfection.

Sa I When you don't know what to eat, eat nothing.

Su j Don't spit on the floor or sidewalk.

Mo I The little brown jug is a poor doctor.

Tu The best nerve restorer — "keeping sweet."

6 34

6 32
6 30
6 28
6 26
6 24

6 23

6 22
6 20
6 18
6 17
6 16

6 14
6 13

6 12

6 11
6 9
6 8
6 6

6 4
6 3

D H

3 First Quarter, 4 11
© Full Moon, 11 11

5 54 10 35

56 11 36

57 morn
58, 0 39
59 1 38

0 2 35

6 1

3 31

6 6
6 6

6 7

6 8
6 9
6 10
6 11

6 12
6 12

5 53

6 16
6 17

6 18

6 19

6 20
6 20
6 21

rises

6 56

8 14

9 36

10 53

morn

0 8

1 17

2 17

3 6

3 46

4 18

4 43

5 5
5 22

sets

7 27

8 29

9 29

10 30

11 30

MOON'S PHASES.

M D

49 evening i ^ Last Quarter, 18

4 evening | @l New Moon, 26

25 evening

55 evening

THINGS TO DO ON THE TARM IN MARCH.

Get the land ready for the crops. Plow well; harrow and re-harrow until a perfect seed bed 13 ob-
tained. Remember that good preparation is half the battle.

Use good seeds. It will be cheaper to pay a good price for good seeds than to plant those of poor
quality. Then arrange some seed plants and grow your own seeds.

Make a start with pure bred poultry. Fix up houses and runways. Rid the premises of lice.

Put the spray pump to work in the orchard. Keep up the garden planting and cultivation.

Paint the house. Buy a lawn mower and start it running. Whitewash fences and outbuildings.

Give the boy an acre to work in corn or cotton, or a calf, or a litter of pigs. Interest the girls in
tomato growing or poultry raising.

188

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

baby may interfere, replace the
piece of glass with a thin board.
That's just as good, except that it
shuts out some of the light.

Yes, there's the bedroom, too. In
a bedroom, as elsewhere, one person
is enough, two are company, and
three are a crowd. Where there is
company, or less in a room, close
all the bedroom doors and all but
one window. Open that window
wide. Roll the bed alongside it,
place your pillow over as near the
window as you can, or even on the
window sill, if possible. Then
dress warmly, cover up well, and go
to sleep with your head as near the
window as possible. Where there is
more than company in a bedroom,
that is, where necessity requires
that there be more than one bed in
a room, it is best to open all the
bedroom door and windows and let
the fresh air circulate at will. In
other words, keep your windows just
as you do in the summer time, and
make up for the difference in tem-
perature by adding warmer clothing.
That's all there is to it. In the
morning you will feel like a three-
year-old, if you have had sense
enough to dress warmly. If you
haven't dressed warmly enough, you
will deserve the brand new cold you
will probably have.

Then, if you have dressed warmly
enough, and if you care to take out
an insurance policy against colds
and issue an injunction against grip
and consumption, just wring a
towel or wash cloth out of cold
water, and wash the neck, chest, and
abdomen. Don't neglect to rub fast
and furious. Follow this with a
good, stiff rubdown with the rough-
est dry towel you can find, and you
will be surprised to find how your
work looks like play.

THE EIGHT KIND OF MAN.

In the initial issue of the little
Health Bulletin being issued by Dr.
George M. Cooper, Whole Time
County Health officer of Sampson
County, we find the following,
which goes to show the altruistic
spirit shown by men who are tak-
ing up health work for the sake of
humanity, regardless of personal
conveniences, loss of income and
the uncertainties of public offices.
These are the kind of men that are
making the new North Carolina of
today. We quote the introduction
he gives in his bulletin :

In this, the first appearance of our
Bulletin, we want to try to explain
something of the task ahead of us. We
shall issue a record of our work from
time to time in order that the people
may know what is being done.

As is generally known, Sampson is
one of twelve North Carolina counties
which recently decided to spend some
of their money in trying to make a
better place for their people to live, by
endeavoring to prevent some unneces-
sary diseases, in other words, trying
to prevent sickness, among the chil-
dren especially, rather than spend it
all in caring for paupers later.

We realize that, like all reforms, it
is a departure from the usual, and as
such must fight ignorance and selfish-
ness, and prejudice, and greed, and,
worst of all, petty politics. We realize
fully that we shall, in all probability,
be kicked down and out for our trou-
ble, sooner or later, and we have en-
tered the work with our eyes wide
open, so to speak.

But we also realize that while re-
forms sometimes go backward for a
time, it is never for long. For exam-
ple, we well remember with shame that
the people of Clinton once ACTUALLY
VOTED DOWN HER GRADED
SCHOOL, but not for long; you see the
principle could not be voted down.
Again, we realize that we must have
the cordial co-operation of the people
if the work is to have the effect for
good we hope and expect it to have.
Therefore, we want to request here
and now the help of all the people in
the county.

4th Month.

APRIL. 1914.

30 Days.

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

Sun

jRises Sets

Moon

Rises

Sets

IWe
2Th
3Fr

4Sa

5Su

6 Mo
7Tu
8 We

9Th

10 Ft

ll|Sa

12Su

IBMo

14Tu

15We

16 Th

17 Fr

18 Sa

19Su

20 Mo

21 Tu

22 We

23 Th
24Fr
25|Sa

26 Su

27 Mo

28 Tu

29 We

30 Th

AU Fools' Day.

A city's most valuable asset is wholesome water.

Second Provincial Congress of North Carolina met

at New Bern, 1775.
Nothing is more important to health than good water.

The old oaken bucket was fine sentiment, but poor

sanitation.
The North Pole reached by Peary, 1909.
Polluted water is not purified by painting the pump.
Last General Assembly to meet under the auhority

of British crown dissolved, 1775.
Battle of Appomattox, 1865. The last volley was

fired by North Carolina troops under Gen. Cox.
Good Friday. A dirty well is more dangerous than

a dirty kitchen.
A healthy thirst is better than polluted water.

Easter Sunday. Provincial Congress at Halifax au-
thorized the North Carolina delegates to the Con-
tinental Congress to vote for a declaration of in-

Thomas Jefferson born, 1743. [dependence, 1776.

Assassination of Pres. Lincoln, 1865. Steamship
Titanic wrecked, 1912. [health.

Money spent on a good pump pays dividends in good

Every well should have a sound, tight top.

In the people's health lies the nation's strength.

The best spring tonic is pure air and sunshine.

5 47 6
5 46 6

5 44' 6

5 42 6

5 41 6

5 39 6
5 38 6
5 36 6

22 morn

23 0 28

23 1 22

24 2 10

25i 2 53

26' 3 29

27 3 57

28 4 23

5 35 6

5 34 6

5 33 6

5 31 6 31 9 46

4 53
rises
8 27

5 30
5 28

6 32

11 1

6 33 morn

5 27 6 34 0 6

5 25: 6 34' 1 1

5 24| 6 35' 1 45

5 23 6 36i 2 20

Battle of Lexington, 1775. Earthquake at San 5 22 6 37

Francisco, 1906.

Many a "pretty" spring has caused a dismal funeral. 5 21 6 38

Old Dr. Booze always collects his bills. 5 20 6 39,

Are you dull and stupid? Take a big dose of fresh air. 5 18 6 40

All the time is clean-up time. Keep a-scrubbin'. 5 17, 6 41

A good iron pump costs less than a case of typhoid. 5 15 6 41

A city is as clean as its people 5 14 6 42;

2 47

10
29
49
10
30

sets

8 22

9 23

Your backyard reflects your habits of cleanliness. 5 13 6 43

First expedition sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh 5 12 6 43

sailed from England, 1584.

A good blood medicine — work and a laxative diet. 5 11 6 44 10 22

A city is known by the streets it sweeps. 5 10 6 45 11 17

Washington inaugurated as first president, 1789. 5 9 6 46^ morn

^ First Quarter, 3
© FuU Moon, 10

MOON'S PHASES.

H M D

2 27 evening i^ Last Quarter, 17
8 14 morning ^ New Moon, 25

H M

2 38 morning
6 8 morning

THINGS TO DO OX TIIK FAUM IN' AI'KII>.

1. Plant cotton and corn — but not until your land is thoroughly prepared, and not until you have

secured good seed and seen to it that your planter does perfect work.

2. Plant seed patches of both cotton and corn so as to have good seed of your own next spring.

3. Plant some pasture lots for the hogs, rape early in the month; cowjjeas, soy beans and peanuts after

the ground becomes thoroughly warm.

4. Screen the house; drain all puddles near it; see that all garbage is removed from about it.

190

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

TREATMENT IN EMERGENCIES

While Waiting: for the Doctor to Come.

Suffocation from Inhaling Il-
luminating Gas ok Damp Gas in
Wells or Mines — Get into the fresh
air as soon as possible and lie down.
Keep warm. Take ammonia —
twenty drops to a tumblerful of
water, at frequent intervals; also,
two to four drops tincture of nux
vomica every hour or two for five
or six hours.

For Convulsions — Give nauseat-
ing doses of ipecac. Rub spirits of
turpentine on the stomach. If from
teething, give paregoric and mag-
nesia and a high enema. Bathe
the body in warm water; put cold
water on the head.

For Colic — One or two heaped
teaspoonfuls of common salt in cold
water will sometimes relieve ; repeat
if necessary. A teaspoonful of tur-
pentine and twenty drops of pepper-
mint is also good. Cover up warm
in bed and lie still. Wrap body from
neck to knees in blanket that has
been immersed in boiling water. Put
a mustard plaster on the chest.

For the Bite of a Snake — Bind
above the wound tight and suck
blood from wound. Give whiskey or
some liquor or give sweet oil, a wine-
glassful at once. Repeat, and bathe
the wound in sweet oil.

For a Fresh Cut — Draw the
sides together and bind with strips
of adhesive plaster and a cloth over
this kept wet with arnica.

Cinders in the Eye — Roll soft
paper up like a lamplighter, and
wet the tip to remove, or use a
medicine-dropper to draw it out.
Rub the other eye.

In Case of Poisoning.

First — Send for a physician.

Second — Induce vomiting, by

tickling throat with feather or fin-
ger. Drink hot water or strong
mustard and water. Swallow sweet
oil or whites of eggs. Acids are an-
tidotes for alkalis, and vice versa.

Special Antidotes and Poisons.

Acids — Muriatic, Oxalic, Acetic,
Sulphuric (Oil of Vitriol), :N"itric
(Aqua Fortis) — Soapsuds, mag-
nesia, lime-water.

Pkussic Acid — Ammonia in
water. Dash water in face.

Carbolic Acid — Flour and water,
mucilaginous drinks.

Alkalis — Potash, Lye, Harts-
horn, Ammonia — Vinegar or lemon
juice in water.

Arsenic — Rat Poison, Paris
Green — Milk, raw eggs, sweet oil,
lime-water, flour and water.

Bug Poison — Lead, Saltpetre.
Corrosive Sublimate, Sugar of Lead,
Blue Vitriol — Whites of eggs or
milk in large doses.

Chloroform — Chloral, Ether —
Dash cold water on head and chest.
Artificial respiration.

Carbonate of Soda — Copperas,
Cobalt^ — Soapsuds and mucilaginous
drinks.

Iodine — Antimony, Tartar Eme-
tic— Starch and water, astringent
infusions.

Blue or Antiseptic Tablets —
Whites of eggs, milk, mucilaginous
drinks.

Opium — Morphine, Laudanum.
' Soothing Powders or Syrups, Pare-
goric— Strong coffee, hot bath.
Keep awake and moving at any
cost.

Simple Home Remedies.

For Corns and Bunions — Burn
with caustic after bathing, and if
necessary repeat. Or, apply the
pulp of lemon until the hard part
can be easily removed.

5th Month.

MAY. 1914.

31 Days.

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

1 Fr Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet at Manila, 1898.

2 Sa Got your backyard cleaned up? Looks better,
doesn't it?

3 Su Nice, clean fly! Born and bred in the privy! Ugh!

4 Mo * The fly is the disseminator of dirt and disease.

5 Tu Night air is dangerous — if it's last night's air.

6 We Bedbugs are clean, compared with flies.

7 Th The insanitary privy is the fly's heaven.

8 Fr : Health and comfort demand that we keep out flies.
9Sa j Boundary line between North Carolina and South

Carolina surveyed, 1765.

10 Su I Memorial Day. Second Continental Congre.ss as-

! sembled at Philadelphia, 1775.

11 Mo I God bless the man who first invented screens.

12 Tu A fly in the milk often means a baby in the grave.

13 We 1st English settlement in America, Jamestown, 1607.

14 Th Vaccination first tried, 1796. Got your screens up?
15,Fr It costs less to build a privy than to shroud a corpse.

16 Sa Clean up — and keep clean.

17 Su Flies breed and live in filth.

18 Mo Cleanliness is a civic, social and health requirement.
19Tu The typhoid fly is a menace to public health.
20|We Mecklenburg Declaration, 1775. North Carolina

I Convention adopted Ordinance of Secession, 1861.

21iTh j First aid to the dyspeptic — a good laugh.

22 Fr I What we eat today is working and thinking tomorrow

23jSa 1 When flies come in at the door, health flies out of

! j the window.

24 Su I Gov. Martin, last of the royal governors, fled the

i province, 1776.

25 Mo j Eat in a hurry — die in the same way.

26 Tu ! The only good fly is a dead fly.

27jWe I Screens in the windows keep crape from the door.

28jTh North Carolina admitted to the Confederacy, 1861.

29 Fr "Civic pride" for a dirty city is false pride.

30iSa Federal Memorial Day.

31 Su - A grocer's best advertisement is cleanliness.

Sun

Rises Sets

Moon

Rises
or

Sets

6 47
6 48

6 49
6 49
6 50,
6 50

6 5l!
6 52]
6 53

0 7
0 52

4 59, 6 541 8 35

58
57
56'
55:
54!

6 54
6 55
6 56
6 57
6 58

53 6 59

4 53 7 0

4 52' 7 1

4 52: 7 1

4 511 7 2

4 50 7
4 49; 7
4 48| 7

4 48 7 5

48!

471
47,
46
46

4 45 7 11

9 48

10 50

11 40
morn

0 19

0 49

1 14
1 34

1 52

2 17

2 34

2 57

3 23

3 56

sets
9 13
10 4

10 50

11 29
11 59

morn

58 evening

21 evening

MOON'S PHASES.

D H M D

3 First Quarter, 3 1 15 morning li^ Last Quarter, 16

^ Full Moon, 9 4 17 evening I © New Moon, 24

THINGS TO TO DO OX THE FARM IN MAY.

1. Keep the cultivators going. Stay ahead of the grass by using harrows and feeders. Keep land

level and surface thoroughly fined.

2. See that the boys and girls have a share in the farm work. If the boys have not a corn or cotton

acre, give them a pig or a calf. Interest the girls in tomato growing or poultrv raising.

3. Look closely after the health of the chickens. Use disinfectants and whitewash freely. Market the

early cockerels as soon as large enough.

4. Keep on spraying. Use Bordeaux and Paris green on apple trees and Irish potatoes. Bordeaux on

gra' es and tomatoes, self-boiled lime-sulphur to prevent peach rot.
a. Fix up the kitchen for hot weather. See that the screens are in good working order. Make or buy a

fireless cooker or get an oil stove. Arrange to keep milk and butter cool.
6. Keep the grounds about the house in order. Use the lawn-mower. Keep chickens and pigs out of

the yard. Screen in one of the porches for a resting place.

192

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

For Chilblains — Bathe the sore
parts with crude oil each night be-
fore retiring. As this will make
grease strains on the bed-clothes it
is well to wrap in muslin and then
in oiled silk.

Struck by Lightning — When a
person is struck by lightning, dash
cold water over the face, neck and
breast. As they recover they should
be kept quiet. If the feet are cold
apply hot-water bag.

Care of Sick Room — Avoid loud
talking or whispering : either are ob-
jectionable to a sick person. Turn
the pillows frequently and arrange
the bedclothes quietly. Assist the
patients to change their positions
and anticipate their M'ants in giv-
ing drink, nourishment, etc., but
avoid being "fussy." A nervous
person would prefer neglect to be-
ing needlessly questioned. ISTever sit
upon a sick person's bed unless re-
quested especially to do so. Darken
the room to a mellow twilight, and
so ventilate the room that a draught
of air will not blow directly upon
the patient. Wear slippers or cloth
shoes and let everything about the
room be neat and your movements
quiet.

To relieve pain from bruises, and
prevent discoloration and subsequent
stiffness, nothing is more efficacious
than fomentations of water as hot
as can be borne.

Five or ten minutes spent every
morning during winter in rubbing
the body briskly with a flesh brush,
or piece of flannel over the hand,
will do much to keep the skin ac-
tive and prevent colds.

For frost bites, keep away from
the fire and rub the parts affected
with snow or iced ^ water until
thawed, then treat as you would a
bum.

When the eyes are tired, or in-
flamed from loss of sleep, apply an
old linen handkerchief dripping with
water as hot as you can possibly
bear it.

Every family should have a prep-
aration of flaxseed oil, chalk, and
vinegar about the consistency of
thick paint constantly on hand for
burns and scalds. The best appli-
cation in cases of burns and scalds
is a mixture of one part of carbolic
acid to eight parts of olive oil. Ab-
sorbent cotton, lint or linen rags are
to be saturated -nath the lotion and
spread smoothly over the burned
part, which should then be covered
with oil silk or gutta percha tissue to
exclude air. If none of these reme-
dies are available exclude the air
from the injured part by wrapping
it in cotton batting.

SOME BUYING DON'TS FOR
HOUSEWIVES.

Don't buy unprotected food ex-
posed to flies.

Don't buy unprotected food ex-
posed in dirty shops.

Don't buy food where employes
are unclean.

Don't buy food where cats and
dogs are allowed.

Don't buy food exposed to street
dust.

Don't buy food where careless
coughers and pitters are allowed.

Don't blame when you can
praise.

Don't fail to tell grocers why you
don't approve of their insanitary
conditions.

Don't fail to be constructive in
your criticisms.

Don't rest until your town has a
salaried inspector and health offi-
cers.

6th Month.

JUNE. 1914.

30 Days.

S ^

Sun Moon

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

Rises

Sets

Rises

Sets

IMo Bathe thirty times this month.

2Tu See that the baby gets fresh and pure milk.

3 We Jefferson Davis born, 1808. Starve the fly.

4Th I Convention for revising the Constitution met in

Raleigh, 1835.

5Fr Keep the baby in the fresh air as much as possible.

6Sa God made mother's milk for the baby and cow's

milk for calves.

7 Su Dirty mUk is death to babies. [Island, 1585.

8 Mo Sir Thomas Drake anchored his fleet off Roanoke
9Tu If the baby is sick, send for the doctor at once.

10 We Battle of Bethel, 1861. Henry L. Wyatt killed; first

Confederate soldier to fall in the Civil War.

11 Th Spare the ice and spoil the miLk. [babies.

12 Fr Puppies couldn't survive the treatment given some

13 Sa Keep the milk, the bottles and the baby away from

flies.

14 Su National Flag Day. Screen the kitchen.

15 Mo Magna Charta granted, 1215. Washington appoint-

ed Commander-in-chief of Continental forces, 1775.

16 Tu A nursing tube is a tunnel to death.

17 We Battle of Bunker HUl, 1775.

18 Th United States declared war against Great Britain,

1812. Battle of Waterloo, 1815.

19 Fr Dress your baby to keep him comfortable and happy.

20 Sa Community health is piu-chasable.

21 Su Summer begins. Capitol at Raleigh burned, 1831.

22 Mo Longest day in the year. Screen the dining room.

23 Tu Well kept alleys pay bigger dividends than well kept

24 We Bathe the baby every day. [cemeteries.

25 Th Gov. Tryon proclaims repeal of the Stamp Act, 1776.

26 Fr A dirty neighbor is a menace to neighborhood health.

27 Sa Dr. EUsha Mitchell perished while exploring the top

j of Mt. MitcheU, 1857.

28Su 1 Battle of Monmouth, 1778.

29 Mo Good health is wealth; iU health is poverty +

30 Tu Second charter of North Carolina issued by King

I Charles II, 1665.

4 44 7 11
4 44' 7 11
4 43| 7 12

0 28

0 51

1 19

4 42

4 41
4 41

7 12 1 42

7 13
7 13

2 12
2 46

4 41 7 14 3 31

4 41 7 14 rises

4 4i: 7 15 9 28

4 4lj 7 15' 10 14

4 411 7 16 10 48

4 41 7 16 11 15

4 41i 7 16 11 38

4 411
4 41'

7 17 11 56
7 17 morn

4 41 7 17i 0 19
4 41 7 18 0 3&
4 411 7 18 0 59

4 42
4 42l

4 44
4 44
4 44

19,
19|

19
19
19'
19
19;
19
20

24
55

2 32

3 18
sets

8 48

9 30
10 3
10 31

7 20 10 56
7 20 11 25
7 20 11 46

3 First Quarter,
© Full Moon,

D H

1 8
8 0

MOON'S PHASES

M I

49 morning
4 morning _

1 ^ First Quarter, 30

^ Last Quarter, 15
^ New Moon, 23

10
2

6 morning:
19 morning
10 evening

THINGS TO DO ON THE FARM IX JUXK.

1. Keep up rapid, shallow, level cultivation of the crops. If a dry spell comes, all the moisture in the

soil will be needed.

2. Cut the wheat and oats as soon as they have colored up well. Don't let them get "dead ripe."'

Make a special effort to get them under shelter or in stack without injury from rain.

3. Cut grass and red clover when in full bloom. Much hay ia allowed to get too ripe.

4. Keep an eye on the health of your hogs. If any get sick, or if cholera breaks out near you, get iui

touch with your State Department of Agriculture and prepare to inoculate against cholera.

194

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

HEALTH RULES.

FormuLited and adopted by the Association for
the Prevention of Tubercolosis, Washington, D. C.

1. Good air. Avoid badly ven-
tilated, badly lighted, dusty, dirty,
overheated, or crowded rooms.

2. Avoid bouse dust. Breathing
dust, notably house dust, often
causes disease. Have no tacked
down carpets and mattings. Have
loose pieces of rugs, and clean them
frequently outdoors. Keep lower
sashes closed while sweeping or
dusting. Open upper sashes.
Never sweep rooms with a broom
that raises dust.

3. Pure water. Drink pure Avater.
Avoid water from shallow and un-
protected wells, and from ponds and
streams. If in doubt boil the water.
Some corner pumps are dangerous.
Filtered river water is safe to drink.
Avoid public drinking cups.

4. Safe milk and cream. Tuber-
culosis, typhoid fever, and other dis-
eases are often caused by drinking
dirty raw milk and raw cream. In-
vestigate your dairyman. Patron-
ize the dealer with clean, up-to-date
methods.

5. Keep clean. Take a bath or
sponge daily, and a warm bath, fol-
lowed by a cold splash, plunge or
shower, once or twice a week or of-
tener. Use soap freely. "Wash your
hands before handling food. Don't
put fingers, money, paper or pencils
in your mouth. Don't bite your fin-
gei- nails. Clean your teeth morn-
ing and evening.

6. Food. Don't eat raw food
that was exposed to flies or dust or
touched by unclean hands. Fruits
or vegetables so exposed should first
be rinsed or washed thoroughly.
Chew your food well. Tea, coffee,
and alcohol are stimulants, not
foods.

7. Sleep. Get enough sleep.
Sleep with windows open, or better
still, outdoors.

8. Head up. Sit and stand erect.
Practice deep breathing. Breathe
through your nose.

9. Exercise. Take plenty of out-
door exercise, but avoid excess in
athletics. It may cause heart
trouble. Don't eat or drink when
overheated by exercise.

10. Liquor and tobacco. Avoid
tobacco and liquors. They are es-
pecially injurious to the young.
Alcohol is a preservative, but not
of the health.

11. Don't neglect colds. Don't
neglect coughs or colds. If you do
not get well soon, go to a doctor or
dispensary for treatment. Never
cough, sneeze, or breathe into an-
other person's face. Don't spit on
floors, sidewalks, or street cars.

12. Sunshine. Admit plenty of
sunshine into your houses and into
your lives. Cultivate cheerfulness
and kindliness; it will help you to
resist disease. Your mind acts on
vour bodv.

OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM, OR
NEW-BORN BABIES' SORE EYES.

New-born babies' sore eyes are due
to the gonococcic infection entering
the eyes of the baby at the time of
or shortly after birth. It may be
prevented by dropping into each eye
one drop of a one per cent solution
of silver nitrate. This is washed
out immediately with a saline solu-
tion. If such precautions are not
taken and the disease develops and
runs its course unchecked, the sight
is often totally destroyed in two
weeks.

7th Month. JULY, 1914.

31 Days.

IWe
2Th
3iFr

4Sa

Su
Mo
Tu
We

Th
Fr

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

Battle of Gettysburg began, 1863.
The first summer boarder — the typhoid fly.
Pettigrew's charge at Gettysburg, 1863.
Declaration of Independence, 1776.

First landing of Enghsh at Roanoke Island, 1584.
Kill all flies that get into the house.
No spit — no consumption; no filth — no flies.
Fhes in the dining room precede nurses in the sick

room.
Avoid the pubUc drinking cup. It spreads disease.
Christopher Columbus born, 1447.
"Dog Days" begin. Dirt is deadly.

Don't buy food where flies are tolerated.
Put a top to the well — a stop to the fever.
Beginning of French Revolution, 1789.
Eat clean food, drink pure water, and be merry.
Take a bath every morning and every evening.
Filth and health never make good bed fellows.
Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables in summer.

Patriots of the Cape Fear capture and burn Fort

Johnston, 1775.
Keep your temper cool and your body will not get so

hot.
Battle of Bull Run, 1861.
Wear thin, porous clothing in hot weather.
City of Raleigh founded on Roanoke Island, 1587.
If you can not work outdoors, sleep outdoors.
Keep your head cool and your heart warm.

The best hot weather drink — cool water.
Preventable diseases are born of ignorance.
The manure heap is the chief breeding place for flies.
$2 for a doctor is cheaper than $100 for a funeral.
Don't take medicine for sleeplessness— take a bath.
The city dump is a city disgrace.

Sun

Rises

D
© Full Moon, 7

C Last Quarter, 15

MOON'S PHASES

H M

8 46 morning
2 18 morning

_ New Moon, 22
J) First Quarter, 29

Sets

Moon

Rises
or

Sets

4 45
4 46
4 47
4 47

7 20 morn
7 20 0 12
7 2& 0 44
7 20j 1 22

4 48 7 19
4 48 7 19
4 49

4 50

4 50
4 51
4 52

4 57
4 57

2 11

3 10

7 19 1 rises
7 19 8 45

7 I9I 9 16
7 18! 9 39
7 18i 10 0

10 20

10 43

11 3
11 25
11 53

15! morn
15! 0 27

7 14
7 13

7 10
7 9

7 8
7 7
7 7
7 6

1 9

1 58

2 56
4 0

sets

8 34

9 0

9 23

9 51

10 16

10 44

11 21
morn

H M

9 24 evening
6 37 evening

THINGS TO DO ON THE FARM IN JUIA.

^'TJ^J's'orma'Lrditihes^'' '^^ ''°''' *° '"^''^^*' '^^""^ """^ '^^^^ *^« '^"^-^ level-don't cut the

^'"""orTeed'croi" '""^ ""' ^°" ^""''^ '*' ^'"^ ^^^""^ """ ^'''"^' '"'' otherwise employed to some manure

^""barn "°~*''^* '"' '^ ^"^ ^^''^ "'^'^^ ^°^' P^°'-''^''°^ *<> fi" it- Clean up and patch up about the

*^^* ^'itfr?Ll''°P^ """^^ f^^'*" °''/° ^?°^ ^^'"'^^- Take care of the straw after threshing Beein
Kee^on nlLt7n''.°fnTh''°'' ^°, '^'* '°y ^^^ ?°r "■i^'^"^^ ^^^ "^^^'e^^ '=»bor of fodder pulling^" ^

corn.^ ^ garden-and don't forget a patch of late roasting-ears and a patch of pop-

Have a consultation with the lady of the house and see that the screens are all right that she has a

fireless cooker and that she can get, water without carrying it.

196

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

THE OLD ROLLER TOWEL.

How dear to our hearts are the things
of our childhood,
When fond recollections present
them to view;
The old district schoolhouse, the pail
and the dipper,
The same cud of gum which in turn
we would chew.
No fear of a microbe forever beset us,
No state board of health interfered
then at all;
We bathed dirty faces in one common
Ixasin,
And turned to the towel that hung
on the wall.
The old roller towel, the stiff roller
towel.
The germ-laden towel that hung on
the wall.

Of crash was this towel, in gen'rous
proportion.
And never was changed more than
once in a week;
We turned it around and used it all
over.
And for a dry spot it was idle to
seek,
With use and abuse it grew grayish
in color,
Acquiring an odor exceedingly rank;
By Saturday night it presented a sur-
face
As hard and unyielding as any inch
plank.
The old roller towel, the stiff roller
towel,
From which the fastidious foolishly
shrank.

• But now it is gone, vanished out of ex-
istence.
By vir.tue of power which the Board
of*Health holds;
No more can we bury our streaming
wet faces
Within its bacterial, dangerous folds,
No longer we meet with the discolored
banner.
Which hung from a roller nailed up
on the wall;
On clean huckabuck, initial embroid-
ered.
We wipe away tears which intru-
sively fall
For old roller towels, the stiff roller
towels,
The germ laden towels that hung on

the wall.
— George White, in the Rnndoph
Herald.

THE WOMAN WITH THE HOE.

Last spring the press of the State
carried the following news item,
which is here changed only enough
to conceal the name and locality :

"Mrs. B. I. Avey, who lived about one
mile north of Axeton, was found dead
near her home yesterday afternoon at
about 4 o'clock. She had been plant-
ing corn and had fallen into a ditch in
the field. She leaves a large family,
all of whom are grown and living in
this community. She was about sev-
enty-five years old and a consistent
member of the Blank church of this
place. She was buried at Sunrise cem-
etery today."

They have told how she died —
this woman with the hoe. But no
one has thought it worth while to
explain why she died as she did —
why an old woman who has passed
her three-score years and ten, and
who had often trod the perilous path
of motherhood, should be digging in
the field for bread, as women did
thousands of years ago. We have
doubled the yield of corn, but a
withered old woman must still an-
swer the call of seedtime and go out
into the field with the hoe. Ten
thousand automobiles go back and
forth in this State, lifting the bur-
dens from the beasts of the field,
but no way was found to lift the
burden of the hoe from her bent
figure as it tottered over the broken
ground to a tragic death.

The burden of labor, like all other
burdens, follows the line of weakest
resistance, and it is resting heavier
and heavier on the shoulders least
able to bear it because least able to
resist it. Yet men marvel that wo-
men in England are moved to mad-
ness and women the world over are
protesting against the old order of
life — aa:ainst the woman with the
hoc. In this highly Christianized
commonwealth many can tell of the
child widows of India and the foot-
bound women of China, but they

8th Month.

AUGUST, 1914.

31 Days.

^1 ^

Q Q

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

Rises Sets

Moon

Rises
or

Sets

1 Sa Council of Safety at Halifax officially proclaimed
the Declaration of Independence, 1776.

2Su No mosquitoes — no malaria. [born, 1729.

3 Mo Richard Caswell, first governor after independence,

4Tu I A little ditch is sometimes better than pounds of

I quinine. Jterity.

5 We Money invested in health pays dividends to pos-

6Th ' A little tin can may breed a host of mosquitoes.

7Fr Good water is more to be prized than rubies, and
clean hands are better than much fine gold.

8 Sa Fight the mosquito bj'- destroying its breeding place.

9 Su A good housekeeper's house is free from flies.
10 Mo It is better to be healthy than pretty.

llTu Flies on the table are worse than bugs in the bed.

12,We Stale milk is poison to the baby.

13 Th Indian chief, Manteo, baptized at Roanoke Island,

1587. First baptismal service by English-speak-
ing people in the New World.

14 Fr Save your teeth and you save your digestion.

15 Sa I A fly in the kitchen is as dangerous as a rattlesnake.

16 Su • A barrel full of rain water — a house full of mosquitoes.

17 Mo You can't buy good health at the drug store.

18 Tu Virginia Dare born on Roanoke Island, 1587. First

child born of English-speaking parents in America.

19, We A little dirty milk can ruin a lot of clean milk.

20 Th Civic uncleanliness kills civic pride.

21 Fr Stick close to the simple life.

22 Sa Thomas Fanning Wood, first Secretary State Board

i of Health, died, 1892.

23 Su j Food left between the teeth ferments and causes

decay. [soul.

24|Mo Health is a normal functioning of body, mind and

25Tu First Provincial Congress of North Carolina met at

26|We Patronize the clean grocer. [New Bern, 1774.

27 Th Battle of Long Island, 1776.

28,Fr The first wealth is health.

29 Sa 1 A filling in time saves a tooth — and a digestion.

30Su j Tubercular dairy cows are a menace to the public.

31 Mo I If common hair brushes, why not common tooth
! brushes?

5 6 7 5

0 7

5 7 7 4 10

5 8 7 3 2 2

5 9 7 2 3 10

! I

5 10 7 1 rises

5 11 7 1 7 42

5 11, 7 0; 8 3

5 12 6 581 8 22

6 56
6 55
6 54
6 53
6 52

8 47

9 5
9 26
9 52

10 24

5 17
5 18

6 51 11 2
6 50, 11 47

19 6 49 morn
19! 6 48 0 41
6 46

5 21

6 45

5 21

6 44

5 22

6 43

5 23

6 42

5 24

6 40

5 25

6 39

26 6 38

26 6 36

27 6 35
6 33
6 32

1 42

2 49

3 59

sets
7 26

7 57

8 19

8 47

9 23
10 4

10 55

11 55

6 31 morn
6 30 0 58

MOON'S PHASES.

D H M I D H M

) Full Moon, 5 7 27 evening | © New Moon, 21 7 12 morning

Last Quarter 13 7 42 evening I ^ First Quarter, 27 11 38 evening

THINGS TO DO OX THE FAIfM IX AUGITST.

Keep up the cultivation of late crops and of the garden; chances are that all the moisture ia the soil

will be needed.
Make hay— cut the peavines as fast as the pods begin to turn and take care of everything that will

niake good feed.
Refrain from pulling fodder, and arrange to save the corn crop in a more economical manner.

198

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

have hardly heeded the burden-
bearer — the woman with the hoe — m
their own fair land of plenty.

So they laid her away — this old
woman, whose life was no less tragic
than her death — and in a thousand
churches they can tell how she led a
Christian life and how her soul now
rests in peace, awaiting the great
day when labor and sorrow shall
cease and she shall stand face to
face with her God to receive her
reward — as if Christ did not say,
"God is not the God of the dead,
but for the living." — State Journal.

FRESH AIR MAXIMS STOLEN AND
REHASHED.

Colds are easily "caught" but hard
to lose.

Coddle yourself and you invite
pneumonia.

Pure air makes pure blood; pure
blood makes you disease-resisting.

Don't hibernate ; ventilate.

Pure air for bodily and mental
vigor; impure air for inefficiency.

Fresh air is the certain means for
raising the limit for "Oslerization."

Coddling — preparing for con-
sumption and pneumonia.

Fresh air makes the fires of life
burn brightly.

Consumption comes with a hack
and cough and goes with a hack and
coffin.

Sleep with open windoAvs.
"Make health while the moon
shines."

Better keep on being a fresh air
fiend, even if it is cold.

THE STUDENT'S HEALTH CREED.

I believe my body and good health
are sacred. If I am sick it will
very probably he because I have vio-
lated one or more of Nature's laws
of health.

I will study J^Tature's laws of
health and will obey them for my
own sake.

I will not suck my fingers, or pick
my nose or wipe my nose on my
hand or sleeve, for these practices
are insanitary and very impolite.

I will not wet my fingers in my
mouth when turning the leaves of
books.

I will not put pencils in my mouth
or wet them with my lips.

I will not put pins or money in
my mouth.

I will not buy or use chewing gum
nor buy and eat cheap candies.

I will use my mouth only for eat-
ing good, plain food, drinking pure
water and milk, and for saying good
and kind words.

I will always chew my food thor-
oughly, and never drink whiskey or
wine.

I will strive against the habit of
"clearing my throat" because it is
nearly always unnecessary, and may
be disagreeable to others.

I will not cough or sneeze with-
out turning my face and holding a
piece of paper or handkerchief be-
fore my mouth. Polite people never
cough in public if they can prevent
it.

I will keep my face, hands, and
finger nails as clean as possible.

I will not spit on the floor, stair-
ways or sidewalks, and will try not
to spit at all; ladies and gentlemen
do not spit.

I will wash my mouth every
morning on getting up and at night
on going to bed, and will use a
toothbrush if I can get one.

I will be clean in body, clean in
mind, and avoid all habits that may
give ofi"ense to others.

I will get all the fresh air I can
and will open wide my bedroom Avin-
dows when T go to bed.

9th Month.

SEPTEMBER, 1 9 14.

30 Days.

Sun

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

Rises

Su
Mo

liTu Beware of ground itch.

2 We No soil pollution — no hookworm. JBritain, 1783.

3,Th I Peace of Paris between the United States and Great

4Fr j Wear shoes to prevent hookworm disease.

5jSa 1 First Continental Congress met at Philadelphia, 1774.

Constitutional Convention met at Raleigh, 1875.
Labor Day. Dr. Richard H. Lewis made Secre-
tary of State Board of Health, 1892.
The hookworm is about as thick and half as long as
a pin. [worm.

9|We The sanitary privy is the lasting enemy of the hook-
10|Th Victory of the Americans under Com. Perry on Lake
11 Fr i Battle of Brandywine, 1777. [Erie, 1813.

12 Sa I A hookworm in the body is a load on the back.

13 Su Use a sanitary privy and make others use it.

14 Mo Don't forget to bathe every day.

15 Tu Wm. A. Graham born, 1804. Wm. Taft born, 1857.
16jWe ' Hookworm disease is prevented by using a sanitary

I privy.

17Th The man who poHutes the soil deserves sickness.

18 Fr Constitution of the United States adopted, 1787.

19 Sa Hookworm disease can be cured by thymol.

20 Su If you want smallpox, don't get vaccinated.

21 Mo Beginning of autumn.

22 Tu Massacre of white settlers on Neuse River by Tus-

carora Indians, 1711. Beginning of the great
Indian wars of 1712-1715.

23 We Victory of Paul Jones off Flamborough Head, 1779.

24 Th A little thymol can transform a hookworm sufferer.

25 Fr A physic is a poor substitute for exercise and tem-

perance.

26 Sa Battle of Charlotte and defeat of Cornwallis, 1780.

27 Su This is the age of baths, not of perfumes.

28 Mo Ship with stamps for use in North Carolina arrived

j in the Cape Fear River, 1765.

29 Tu Chew your food — your stomach has no teeth.

30 We j Put nothing into the mouth but food and drink.

Sets

5 35
5 36

5 36

5 40
5 41
5 42
5 43

5 50

5 51
5 51

5 52
5 53

Moon

Rises

Sets

6 28
6 27
6 25
6 24
6 22

6 21
6 19

6 18

6 16
6 15
6 14
6 12

6 11
6 10
6 8
6 6

5 44 6
5 45 6
5 45 6

5 46
5 46 6
5 47 5

5 52

5 50
5 49

5 47
5 46

2 6

3 14

4 22
rises

6 52

7 54

8 23

8 57

9 39

10 29

11 25
morn

0 29

1 36

2 48

4 2

5 19

sets

6 47

7 20

8 0

8 50

9 47

10 51

11 59
morn

19 evening^

49 morning

MOON'S PHASES.

D H M I D H

(^ Full Moon, 4 8 47 morning © New Moon, 19 4

C Last Quarter, 12 0 34 evening I Jl First Quarter, 26 6

TFIIVGS TO DO OX THE FARM IX SKPTKMBER.

1. Save feed— cut and shock the corn if you have no silo, shredding or cutting it up later if you can-

harvest everything that will make good hay, and store and stack it so that it will keep

2. Save seeds— select cotton and corn for next year's planting if you do not exppct to buy from s'omc

one who has better than you have; don't put it off till next spring and then plant poor seed
i. bow oats if land can be made ready; keep land intended for wheat well stirred: use a grain drill to

put in oats if possible. ^ '■^

4. Sow rape, crimson clover, turnips, etc., for pasture and winter cover.

0. Get in the winter's wood and store it in the dry; fix a walk to the woodshed if there is none
b. figure a little and see if you cannot afford to put in a water supply system before cold 'weather

comes; if you find you can do it at all, go ahead— it will pay.

200

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

BABY.

What is a baby?

"About twenty-two inches of coo
and wriggle, writhe and scream,
filled with suction and testing ap-
paratus for milk, and automatic
alarm to regulate supply."

"It's a sweet and tiny treasure,

A torment and a tease.
It's an autocrat, an anarchist.

Two awful tilings to please.
It's a rest and peace disturber,

With little laughing ways.
It's a wailing human night alarm.

And terror of your days."

"The bachelor's horror, the
mother's treasure, and the despotic
tyrant of the most republican house-
hold."

"A stranger with unspeakable
cheek, that enters a house without a
stitch to his back, and is received
with open arms by every one."

"A bold asserter of the rights of
free speech."

"A diminutive specimen of per-
verse humanity that could scarcely
be endured if he belonged to any
one else, but, being our own, is a
never-failing treasury of delight."

by the average man. Did Adam smoke?
Did Eve wear a corset? Did Solomon
chew tobacco? Did the children of
Israel make for a beer garden after
crossing the Red Sea? Did Rebecca
chew chocolate bonbons and ice cream
and call for soda water?

Adam was the first man, and was
made perfect from head to heel — how
long would he remain so after eating
pie before going to bed? Suppose he
had slept in a bedroom five-by-seven,
with the windows closed down, the
doors shut, and two dogs under the
bed?

Suppose Eve had been laced up in
a corset, worn tight shoes, hobble fig-
leaves, and sat up all hours of the
night eating chicken salad and Welsh
rarebits and trying to keep on four
pounds of dead people's hair? — Kansas
City Star.

IS IT ANY WONDEE?

Out in Kansas we find a newspa-
per that starts back at the root of
things. They don't mince words
either, and when you get through
reading what they have to say you
will agree that it is no wonder some
of us have to die:

Man drinks whiskey that clogs the
valves; he drinks beer and that clogs
the wheels; he downs lemonade, ginger
ale, buttermilk, iced tea, coffee, and
what not, and then wonders why the
boilers do not burst. If you should
take an ox and put him through a like
performance, he would be dead in a
month. The simplest and plainest
laws of health are outraged every day

WHY BLAME PROVIDENCE?

How long will it be before the us-
ual resolutions of condolence, which
now begin "Whereas, it has pleased
our Heavenly Father to remove from
our midst our beloved Brother or

Sister who surrendered this

life after a long illness from typhiod
fever," shall be changed to read,

"Whereas, another case of criminal
negligence has occurred in this com-
munity, through the death of Mr. or
Mrs. , resulting from the drink-
ing of water from a polluted public
supply. A coroner's jury has aflBxed
the blame on certain careless private
parties and some public officials, and
recommends that they be held for man-
slaughter. The county attorney has
determined that such shall not occur
again, and will push prosecution.

This is the headline in case of au-
tomobile accidents — why not in the
latter instance? It's a poor rule
that fails to work both ways. Any-
how, why blame the Lord ? He has
enough charged to him by short-
sighted and unthinking mankind.
— Bulletin of the Kansas State
Board of Health.

10th Month.

OCTOBER. 1914.

31 Days.

§! ^

ITh
2Fr
3Sa

4Su

5Mo

6|Tu

ylwe

8Th

9Fr
lOSa

11 Su
12Mo
13'Tu
14We

15 Th

16 Fr

17;Sa

18 Su

19 Mo

20 Tu

21 We

22 Th

23 Fr

25
26
27
28
29
30
31

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

Sun

Rises

Cool weather does not call for closed windows.
The best guide to dress is the weather.
Keep the children at home when there is diphtheria
in the neighborhood.

Battle of Germantown, 1777.

Prevention is better than cure, and far cheaper.

Laying of cornerstone of Salem Academy, oldest
school for girls in the South, 1803.

Defeat of British at Kings Mountain, 1780.

Antitoxin destroys the poison generated by diph-
theria germs.

Keep the screens up another month.

Antitoxin is a sure cure for diphtheria, but there is
danger in delay.

Great epidemics from little sore throats grow.

Columbus landed in America, 1492.

Antitoxin is to diphtheria what sunshine is to snow.

Morning eye-opener — a pint of water — inside.

Have your cows tuberculin tested.

A syringe of antitoxin is better than volumes of

advice.
Burgoyne's surrender, 1777. Rockefeller Hospital

opened, 1910.

A dirty home is a dangerous home.

Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, 1781.

Sunshine will keep you yovmg.

Rockefeller creates Hookworm Commission, 1909.

To cure consumption — begin early.

Don't overwork your digestion if you would keep

healthy.
A light overcoat is better than a heavy cold.

Wash your neck — inside.

Every cold weakens the system.

Theodore Roosevelt born, 1858.

A little forethought is the best ally of common sense.

Never stay in a close room.

Common sense is the best protection from colds.

Hallowe'en. Have you been vaccinated?

Sets

Moon

Rises

Sets

5 54
5 55
5 56

5 44
5 43
5 41

5 57' 5 40 rises
5 58 5 39 5 57
5 59. 5 38 6 25

3 18

4 20

5 18

5 36
5 35

5 34
5 32

6 58

7 37

8 22

9 14

10 15
29 11 18
28 morn
27 0 26

25
24

1 37

2 49

5 23 4 4

6 12;
6 13;
6 14

6 15 5 14

5 19
sets

5 52

6 39

7 35

8 41

9 49

6 16
6 16
6 17
6 18
6 19
6 21
6 22|

12 10 58
11 morn
0 4

1 11

2 15

3 14

4 13

4
12

MOON'S PHASES.

M ! D H M

45 morning i © New Moon, 19 1 19 morning

19 morning ' 3 First Quarter, 25 5 30 evening

THINGS TO DO ON THE FARM IN OCTOBEU.

1. Sow wheat and oats; get the oats in as soon as possible; treat seed of both crops with formalin or

biuestone if smutty, and look out for cheat and other weed seeds.

2. Keep on sowing cover crops; still time to sow rye , vetch, crimson clover; also rape and winter turnips.
3! Put the turning plows to work, especially on clay soils; if you subsoil, this is the time for it.

4! Take special care of the land to prevent winter washing; fix up terraces, open out ditches, etc.; under-
drain where it is needed. •,, i r j

5. Get the corn and corn stover under shelter early; look after all late crops that will make feed.

6. Store the cotton under shelter; and keep it picked off as closely as practicable.

2U2

THK HKALTH i!ULI.KTK\.

HEALTH HINTS WORTH BEMEM-
BERING.

That a bag of hot sand relieves
neuralgia.

That warm borax water will re-
move dandruff.

That a little soda water will re-
lieve sick headache caused by indi-
gestion.

That a cupful of strong coffee will
remove the odor of onions from the
breath.

That well-ventilated bedrooms
will prevent morning headaches and
lassitude.

That a cupful of hot water drunk
before meals will sometimes relieve
nausea and dyspepsia.

That one in a faint should be laid
flat on the back, the clothes loosened
and let alone.

That the best time to bathe is
just before going to bed, as any
danger of taking cold is thus avoided
and the complexion is improved by
keeping warm for several hours af-
ter leaving the bath.

STARTLING NEWS FOR THE
UNMARRIED.

If you were asked the question,
"Who live longer, married or single
people?" you would very likely re-
ply, single, because they have less to
worry about.

Yet such is not the case, it seems.
Professor W. L. Wilcox of Cornell
University has been making com-
parisons between the number of
married and unmarried people dying
in the State of ISTew York, not in-
cluding Buffalo and ?^ew York City,
and he found the death rate among
unmarried men, from 20 to 29 years
inclusive, to be fifty-seven per cent
greater than among married men.
and that, from 30 to 49 vears. more

than twice as many unmarried men
die.

Also, among unmarried women
over 30 years, the death rate is
higher than with their married sis-
ters, reaching thirty-seven per cent
greater between 50 and 59 years,
inclusive.

THAT OLD OIL STOVE.

At this time of the year, wheji
many feel that it is not cold enough
to use the general heating system
of the house, but is too cool to be
entirely without heat, the use of
portable gas or oil heating appa-
ratus is a great convenience.
Cleanliness and comparative low
cost, of operation make this type of
heating deservedly popular. Un-
fortunately, many of these heaters
are used without a flue pipe to carry
off the products of combustion.
The use of such heaters is to be de-
precated. This is especially true of
those devices of low efficiency that
make it practically imperative that
the doors and windows be kept
closed if the object sought — that of
raising the temperature of the room
— is to be obtained. These heaters
put a premium on insufficient ven-
tilation. The current issue of a
high-class monthly magazine carries
a full-page advertisement of a gas
heater that is specifically recom-
mended for use in the children's
play room. It is advertised as "the
ideal heater for the nursery," and
in heavy type the claim is made that
it "will not vitiate the air." Sucli
advertisements are dangerous, says
the Journal of the American Medi-
cal Association. There may be
times when one is willing to sacri-
fice health for comfort for a short
time ; when an increase of tempera-
ture in the room is sought, even at

Ith Month.

NOVEMBER. 1914.

30 Days.

iSu

2|Mo

3iTu

4|We

5Th

e'Fr

7Sa

s'Su

9!Mo

lOiTu

ll|We

12jTh

ISFr
14Sa

l5Su
I6M0

17jTu
18We
l9|Th
20|Fr

2lSa

22!Su
Mo
Tu
We
Th
Fr

Sa
Su

30;Mo

Important Days. Dates and Healthgrams

All Saints' Day.

All Souls' Day. Be a fresh air crank.

As the weather grows colder, take more exercise.

Sunlight and fresh air kill the germs of consumption.

Pure air promotes comfort and safeguards health.

Abraham Lincoln elected President of the United

States, 1860. [1811.

Indians defeated by Gen. Harrison at Tippecanoe,

A little ventilation is better than much quinine.
It's good for what ails you. What? Fresh air.
Consumption is difncult to cure but easy to prevent.
The tighter your house the tighter your colds.
Convention to form a State Constitution met at

Halifax, 1776.
It is better to have faded carpets than faded cheeks.
Regulate your clothing according to the weather.

Congress adopts Articles of Confederation, 1777.

It is better to sleep in a cold room than in a cold
grave.

Suez Canal opened, 1869.

If war is hell, what is consumption?

A stuffy room is the germ's best ally.

Convention at Fayetteville adopted the Federal Con-
stitution, 1790.

Drink plenty of water every day.

Whiskey never cured consumption.

A little ventilator is a great protector.

Don't make a junk shop of your stomach.

Evacuation of New York by the British, 1783.

Thanksgiving Day.

What you don't eat seldom hurts you; what you do

eat, often does.
We need as much fresh air in winter as in summer.

Andrew Jackson, seventeenth President of the United

_ States, born at Raleigh, 1808.
Signing of preliminarv treaty of peace with Great
Britain, 1782.

Sun

Rises

6 22
6 23
6 24
6 25
6 26
6 27

Sets

Moon

Rises
or

Sets

6 28' 4 59

6 28
6 29
6 30
6 32
6 33

6 34
6 35

6 36
6 37

6 38
6 39
6 40
6 41

6 42

6 43
6 44
6 45
6 46
6 47
6 48

6 49

6 50

6 51

4 54
4 53

4 53i

4 521

5 12

6 13
rises

5 35

6 21

7 9

9 8

10 12

11 19
morn

0 30

1 41

2 51

51| 6 51

51} sets

50 6 20

50 7 30

4 49 8 42

4 47

9 52
10 59
morn

0 6

1 9

2 o

3 5

4 46: 4 6
4 46: 5 6

morning

mornmg

MOON'S PHASES.

D H M D

) Full Moon, 2 fi 35 evening ^ New Moon, 17

Last Quarter, 10 6 23 evening J) First Quarter, 24

THINGS TO DO ON THE FARM TX NOVEMBKIf.

Get ready for winter; see that everything is snug about the house, the barns and poultry houses.
Get the crops in; put the cotton out of the weather; see that the roughage is under shelter or well

stacked; store the apples, potatoes and late vegetables carefully.
Keep the plows going, breakins; deep and thoroughly, and keep on sowing rye.
Set out fruit trees, shade trees, grape vines, berries, etc.; make a lawn if you liave not a good one

already.
If you are not following a rotation of crops, get to work and lay out one suited to your farm and

circumstances, and get down to business farming.
Arrange for a supply ot reading matter lor yourself, your wif<r and the children — see that good

lights are provided.

204

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

the expense of vitiated air. When
this is done with a full knowledge
of possible danger, it may not be
too severely criticised. But to lead
people to believe that any room can
be heated healthfully for any length
of time by means of flueless gas or
oil heaters is dangerous doctrine.

An efficient gas or oil heater with
a flue attachment is an admirable
piece of household apparatus; a
flueless heater — except for the most
temporary of uses, and then used
with a full knowledge of the dangers
involved — is an abomination.

"WHERE THE WEAK GROW STRONG"

How North Carolina is Going After Tuberculosis

North Carolina has decided to
handle her tuberculosis problem in
a good, vigorous style. Down at
Montrose, in the very heart of the
sand hill region, and high up on a
sand ridge amid the long leafed
pines, is where '^the weak grow
strong" and the consumptives get
well. The little sanatorium up there
was reopened under the management
of the State Board of Health only
a few weeks ago, but already appli-
cations have been made for some-
thing like 35 or 40 of the fifty beds
now available.

Within a few weeks more the pres-
ent buildings will be filled. For-
tunately, an extension to the present
institution is well under way, and
about the last of February it will
be ready to take in 75 additional
patients.

Sanatorium life is made as attrac-
tive for the patients enrolled as it
is possible to make it, and infinitely
better in every way for sick folks
than the average home. The pa-
tient is informed when he arrives
that his entire business for the next
few months is to get well. He is
shown how and why people get tu-
berculosis, and is also shown how
the disease is combated, very largely
by just the reverse methods of living

from those which brought about the
condition. It is explained how foul
air and closed bedroom windows tend
to foster tuberculosis. From the ac-
companying cuts, as well as that
shown on the front cover page, it
will be seen how the patient is shown
by example, as well as precept, about
the marvelous curative power of
fresh air.

The food given the patients is the
very best that money can buy. Con-
sumption is a wasting disease. In
fact, loss of weight is one of the very
first symptoms. A competent dieti-
tian is in charge of the kitchen and
dining room, and the diet of every
patient is carefully watched and su-
pervised. In fighting consumption,
good, first class food, plenty of it,
properly cooked and served in an
appetizing way, counts for a tre-
mendous lot.

The subject of very careful per-
sonal hygiene is taught every pa-
tient, not only by means, of regular
lectures by the medical director, but
also according to careful personal
supervision of the nurses. A recent
visit to the sanatorium showed such
scrupulous cleanliness and a degree
of carefulness on the part of the pa-
tients that one could not help feel-
ing that, so far as the danger of con-

12th Month.

DECEMBER, 1914.

31 Days.

u-^

Important Days, Dates and Healthgrams

Moon

Rises
Rises Sets or
I I i Sets

Tu
We
Th

4Fr

5Sa

6jSu
71M0
8;Tu
9We
10 Th
ll.Fr

Swat consumption — buy Red Cross seals.

Monroe Doctrine declared, 1823.

Publication of first book ever printed in North Caro-
lina, "The Yellow Jacket," a revisal of the laws,
1751.

Whooping cough is highly contagious. [dertakors.

Measles and whooping cough make business for un-

Pneumonia frequently follows measles. ]smallpox.
Scarlet fever causes four times as many deaths as
It is criminal to expose children to whooping cough.
If you never have measles you'll never miss it.
Many a cough ends in a coffin.

Constitution of North Carolina drafted by Conven-
tion at Halifax, 1776.
Whooping cough in children is a "grave" disease.

Measles in a school is like fire in the tall grass. [1911.
Death of Washington, 1799. South Pole discovered.
Measles often paves the way for consumption.
Boston "Tea Party", 1773. [Rights, 1776.

Convention at Halifax adopted the Declaration of
Convention at Halifax adopted first Constitution of

the State of North Carolina, 1776.
Measles causes 11 deaths to 1 from smallpox.

Cheap candy, expensive funeral. WTiy take chances?
Landing of Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth, 1620.
First day of winter.

Christmas wiU be merrier if you don't over eat.
Treaty of Ghent between the United States and

Great Britain, 1814.
Christmas Day.
Battle of Trenton, 1776.

Your nose is Nature's dust strainer. Breathe through it.
Woodrow Wilson born, 1856.

Don't let your palate get your stomach into trouble.
General Assembly held first meeting in Raleigh, 1794.
Get th« fresh air habit.

6 51 4 46

6 52 4 46
6 53 4 46

6 54
6 55

6 561
6 56
6 57
6 58

6 59

7 0

46
46

46
46
46
46
46
46

6 (

rises

6 2

7 1

8 5

9 11

10 18

11 26
morn

0 33

7 1 4 46 1 45

3 2

4 21

5 41

6 57
sets

6 17

7 6

4 48 7 30

7 9

4 51

7 9

4 52

7 10

4 52

7 10

4 53

7 10

4 54

7 11

4 55

7 11

4 56

8 42

9 51

10 56

11 53
morn

0 56

1 56

2 56

3 56

4 57

5 54

6 60

21 evening
11 morning

MOON'S PHASES.

D H M D H

J Full Moon, 2 1 7 evening ^ New Moon, 16 9

^ Last Quarter, 10 6 18 morning ' ^ First Quarter 24 3

THIXGS:tO do ox the farm IK DECEMBEIJ.

Find out what your year's work haa profited you; take an inventory andTfind out what yon are

worth, and if j-our farming has paid.
Get ready for next year's work; lay out the crops; find out what you need in the way of tools, stock,

fertilizers, etc.; and arrange to farm on a business basis.
Take at least one day off and visit your school and encourage the teacher and pupils a little; help

the children with their studies and keep them enthusi: stic
Make that splitlog drag and put it to work now while you have time; fix up the farm roads and the

walks about the house.
Look after fences; clean up stumps; dig ditches; fill gullies; drain wet lands.
Make the winter evenings pleasant; provide plenty of fuel, good lights, good books and papers and

some games and music.

2U6

THE HEALTH BULLETIJ!?.

tracting tuberculosis is concerued,
the average person who goes to
churches, moving picture shows, or
who occasionally finds himself in
company with people who cough or
sneeze without holding handker-
chiefs before their faces, is in far
greater danger of contracting the
disease than a person would be who

lived, ate and alept- right among the
patients at the sanatorium.

Any mention of this institution,
however brief, would certainly be
incomplete without at least a word
in regard to those in direct charge
of the patients, the medical direc-
tor and the nurses. It is not neces-
sary to mention personalities in this

THE MEN'S WARD-

-STATE SANATORIUM FOR THE TREATMENT OF
TUBERCULOSIS.

A small house completely surrounded with porches. The windows are never closed
except during storms, and then only on one or two sides.

connection, but the vitally important
facts as regards the staff is that the
medical director and every one of
the nurses has had tuberculosis and
been cured at a similar institution.
They know the trials, the difficulties
and discouragements of their pa-
tients as no one else does. They can
feel for and sympathize with pa-
tients in their every effort to get
nell. and. best of fill, the patients in

their charge look upon these people
as elder brothers and sisters who
sympathize with them and are will-
ing to go the limit in helping them
recover. Last of all, backed by such
experience, such a staff not only
knows all the ins and outs of curing
tuberculosis, but with their personal
knowledge and experience their pa-
tients have vastly more confidence
in them than thev would have in a

TJiii HEALTH BHLLETIK.

20"

similar staff who have never had the
personal experience of having con-
sumption and recovering from it.
Under such direction we may rea-

highly essential that treatment be
undertaken as soon as possible.

For detailed information regard-
ing the sanatorium or admission to

SIDE VIEW OF WOMEN'S WARD
State Sanatorium for the Treatment of Tuberculosis
sonably expect the cure of fully it, inquiries should

eight-tenths of all the cases of in-
cipient or early tuberculosis, and of
half the moderately advanced cases.
As the chances for recovery decrease
rapidly as the disease advances, it is

be addressed
either to W. S. Kankin, Secretary
of the State Board of Health, Ra-
leigh, or to the Medical Director,
State Sanatorium, Aberdeen, N. C.

THE STORY OF TUBERCULOSIS

What Everybody Should Know About Consumption
Told in Simple Language

For many of us there is too much
said about tuberculosis that is too
technical or long drawn out, and not
enough that is written in a simple
straightforward style, giving just the
plain, everyday facts that every-
body should know. The Missouri
Association for the Relief and Con-
trol of Tuberculosis say just about
enough and say that right. Here is
their story :

Tuberculosis is an infectious and
communicable disease caused by the

growth of the tubercle bacillus within
the body. This bacillus is a vegetable
parasite, rod-shaped, and of such
length that it would require ten thou-
sand of them laid end to end to meas-
ure an inch. It lives a strictly para-
sitic life, which signifies that under
ordinary circumstances it does not live
indefinitely and propagate its kind out-
side of its living host, which may be
man, almost any domestic animal, or
one of the many animals that have not
been brought under domestication.
Though incapable of propagating itself
outside of its living host, it is capable
of living for a long period of time

208

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

under favorable conditions outside of
the body.

These conditions which most favor
the prolongation of its life outside of
the body are darkness, moisture, and
ordinary temperatures. It dies in a
few minutes when exposed to direct
sunlight, when not deeply imbedded
in the albuminous discharges from
the lesions which are characteristic
of the disease. In the human body
the commonest form of tuberculosis is
consumption, or tuberculosis of the
lungs, but it may occur in any part
or organ of the body, especially in the
bones, joints and lymph glands of chil-
dren, in which structures it is known
respectively as white swelling of bones
and joints, and scrofula. It is a very
common cause of hunchback and of
meningitis in children.

The tubercle bacillus in the body
stimulates the growth of cells which,
under the influence of toxins or pois-
ons which are elaborated by the ba-
cillus, die, disintegrate, and are given
off from the body in the form of dis-
charges that are peculiar to the organ
or tissue in which the lesion is located,
e. g., from the lungs as sputum, from
scrofulous glands and white swelling
as pus, and from the intestines in the
feces. All these discharges are capa-
ble of starting the disease in the
healthy, whether by being taken into
the stomach, inhaled in the lungs, or
by the inoculation of open superficial
cuts and wounds.

Predisposing Causes.

Approximately ten per cent of all
cases of tuberculosis occurring in
children have resulted from the inges-
tion of milk or meat from tuberculous
animals. Tuberculosis is not inherited
as was formerly supposed. It is al-
ways acquired through infection from
some other case by the transmission
of the tubercle bacillus either directly
or indirectly. Because it is a germ
disease it is preventable and curable,
not unavoidable and fatal as until re-
cently it has been regarded. All peo-
ple are not equally susceptible to the
disease. Those who are in a weak-
ened physical condition, or who lack
proper and sufficient food, or who are
addicted to the use of alcohol, or who
have suffered from grippe, colds,
measles, typhoid, pleurisy, etc., or who
take insufficient rest, or exercise too

little in the open air, or sleep in close
rooms, or work in a moist, dark or
d sty atmosphere, are predisposed to
the disease.

While tuberculosis is not essentially
a disease of the poor and destitute, it
is with this class of people that it is
most prevalent.

Commonest Early Symptoms.

The commonest early symptoms of
the disease are persistent cough or
cold lasting a month or longer, hoarse-
ness, loss of weight and appetite, run-
down feeling, slight fever in the after-
noons, night sweats, spitting of blood
or streaks of blood in the sputum.
Any one, or any combination of these
symptoms, should lead one to suspect
tuberculosis, and he should consult a
physician immediately. If the physi-
cian can not find a cause for these
symptoms, in nine cases out of ten
they should be attributed to tubercu-
losis. It is most important that the
disease be recognized early so that
timely treatment may be begun. Most
cases of tuberculosis that have been
diagnosed in the incipient or very early
stage, under modern methods of treat-
ment, are cured.

Tuberculosis in Cliildren.

Tuberculosis is a house disease, a
disease of the home. It runs in fami-
lies, not because inherited, but because
of home association. It is probable
that most infections occur in child-
hood, though the disease may not de-
velop to the point of recognition until
late in life. It is acquired by children
through kissing, caressing, use of
common eating utensils, and from
playing on an infected floor. A con-
sumptive in the family may be the
means of transmitting the disease not
only through spitting, but by cough-
ing, sneezing, and even by- speaking
into the face of another.

How Tuberculosis May Be Prevented.

The sputum wiiich a consumptive
raises should be received in a cuspidor
containing an antiseptic solution, or
he should cough or spit into a napkin
or on to a paper held before his face,
and these should then be thoroughly
disinfected or burned. The prevention
and treatment of tuberculosis rest up-
on the principles that have been set
forth above. They are:

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

209

1. Early and frequent examination
in suspected cases and of all individ-
uals of a family in which tuberculosis
is known to exist or to have existed.

2. The control and destruction of
all tuberculous discharges.

3. Living and sleeping in the open
air as much as possible.

4. No tuberculous patient should
sleep in the bed or even in the room
with an unafflicted person.

5. Proper food in sufficient quantity.

6. Plenty of sleep.

7. Absolute rest in bed when the
temperature is over 99 degrees, or the
pulse is over 100.

These conditions are best obtained
in the early stages of tuberculosis in
a sanatorium, in the advanced stages in
a hospital. All treatment of tubercu-
losis should be under the direction of
a physician, whether at home or in an
institution. All patent medicines and
alcohol must be avoided.

An important adjunct to the treat-
ment at home of incipient tuberculosis
in children is the open-air school; in
adults, the day camp or the night
camp.

^Vliat is Being' Done to Prevent Taber-
cnlosis.

In its broader aspects the campaign
against tuberculosis includes popular
and systematic school education and
social or visiting nursing. Under pop-
ular education are included free lec-
tures, exhibits, whether local or trav-
eling, moving picture plays, lantern
demonstrations, special popular edu-
cational literature in the form of cir-
culars or magazine articles, and news-
paper publicity and visiting nursing.
Under systematic school education may
be included lectures, natural science
lessons, recitations, the organization
of Red Cross Seal selling campaigns,
and the employment of school nurses
and the medical inspection of school
children. This systematic educational
work should be graded in adaptation
to the age and maturity of the pupil,
and should be illustrated and demon-
strated in the various ways employed
in the teaching of natural science, so
far as possible.

The general movement against tu-
berculosis includes also the securing
of proper state and municipal legisla-
tion, as well as co-operation with all

movements for the betterment of liv-
ing and working conditions.

How You Can Help.

1. Teachers. — By instructing pupils
as to the nature, prevention and care
of tuberculosis; teaching children sim-
ple rules of health, how to breathe
deeply, etc.; keeping the classroom
well ventilated, and by insisting upon
the medical inspection of school chil-
dren.

2. Parents. — By keeping the home
clean and well ventilated; teaching
children to sleep with windows open,
to eat proper and nourishing food, to
observe the laws of health, to keep
the teeth clean and in repair.

3. Children. — By keeping clean; by
not putting anything into your mouths
except food; by staying as much as
possible in the fresh air and sunshine;
by eating only wholesome and nourish-
ing food; by always washing the hands
before eating.

4. Everyone. — By taking care of
your own health; by stopping indis-
criminate spitting; by joining in the
movement to stamp out tuberculosis;
by buying and otherwise promoting
the use of the Red Cross Christmas
Seal; by insisting upon the employ-
ment of county-paid tuberculosis visit-
ing nurses; by promoting the organi-
zation of a county or district tubercu-
losis hospital in your community.

Here Are Some of the Things That
Must be Done.

1. Every city and village must have
an ordinance, and enforce it, forbid-
ding spitting in public places or in
public vehicles.

2. When a case of tuberculosis is
found in a family, other members must
be examined to learn if they be in-
fected.

3. Every city and county must have
a well organized health department
and a tuberculosis visiting nurse.

4. All living cases of tuberculosis
must be reported to the State Board
of Health.

.5. Every living case of tuberculosis
must be sent to a hospital, to the
State sanitorium, or must be under
proper care at home.

6. Every county must have a tuber-
culosis hospital for advanced cases.

310

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.

A Big Name for an Easily Prerentable
Disease.

Do you know what ophthalmia
neonatorum means ? It is the scien-
tific name for baby's sore eyes. It
means a pus discharge from the eyes
and lids of little new-born babies.
It means that the baby's eyes have
been infected at the time of birth
or soon afterward. There are over
one hundred thousand blind people
in the United States today, over ten
thousand of them have been made
blind by this disease. Enough peo-
ple are made blind by this disease
alone every few years to populate a
fair sized city, because of the care-
lessness or neglect of some one in
caring for the little new-born babies.
Doctors have been trying for years
to stop this unnecessary blindness
by educating nurses to recognize it
in its beginning and by getting laws
passed which require midwives,
nurses and others to report at once,
anything wrong with the little one's
eyes or lids, so that proper treat-
ment may be given before it is too
late. But so far the public is not
sufficiently educated to appreciate
the importance of preventing this
dreadful disease, nor the danger of
the neglect of these cases. There
are still many such cases occurring
every day in which life-long blind-
ness follows for want of precautions
on the part of parent, midwife or
nurse, or some one else who has
charge of the little bnby. It is nn

awful responsibility when through
such carelessness or neglect, a baby
is allowed to become blind for life.
This disease progresses rapidly
when once contracted. Some doc-
tors make it a rule to have every
baby's eyes cleansed carefully imme-
diately after birth and preventive
methods used, to destroy any possi-
ble infection that may have entered
during birth. But doctors are not
always present, and it is for this
reason it is necessary that every pa-
rent, every midwife, every nurse,
or whoever has charge of a new-born
baby should report to the health
officer, any trouble with a new-born
baby's eyes, for on prompt action
may depend whether the baby must
be blind through life or not.

AIR LINES.

The cold snap is more of a "snap"
for the undertaker than it is for the
life insurance companies.

* * *

The best way to avoid doing busi-
ness with an undertaker nowadavs
is to ventilate.

* * *

Ventilate now, if never before.
Pneumonia and tuberculosis are dis-
eases chiefly of improper house con-
dition.s — of impure house air.

* * *

Pure air is your best protection
against diseases of the respiratory
organs.

H: * ^

Ventilate! you lobster! Ventilate'

PuHs^edbLi Tn£./^°KmCAK9LI/iA aiML D9AR.D s^AmU7\

Thi5 Bullelinv/illbe 5er\t free to arwj citizen of fh.e StcrteuporNrequeatj

Published monthly at the office of the Secretary of the Board, Raleigh, N. C.
Entered as second-class matter at Postoffice at Raleigh, N. C, under Act of July 16, I8B4.

Vol. XXVIII.

FEBRUARY, 1914.

No. II.

HEALTH

" Health is a state of physical, mental and moral
equilibrium, a normal functioning of body, mind and
soul. It is the state when work is a pleasure, when
the world looks good and beautiful, and the battle of
life seems worth while. Health is the antithesis of
disease, degeneration and crime.

" The laws of health are as inexorable as the law
of gravitation, as exacting as eternal justice, as relent-
less as fate, and their violation is the beginning and
cause of all disease, suffering and sin.

" Health is the most desired of earthly blessings.
When finally lost it cannot be purchased by un-
counted millions, restored by the alienist, or returned
by the pulpit.

" Health is that state of happiness, faith and love
whose prototype was the hrst man— Adam ; whose

ideal is the CHRIST."— 5. J. Cmmbim, M.D., Topeka, Kan.

o
o

^-^^'^M^i^vt'^a%^'^^'^^n'H>rfi"^" CAROLINA

aoi aaj.Ni anx ao
'SMaaM

•i,daa
a • s

HVi

CONTENTS

The Gist of It 213

County Hrat.th Officers 214

A New Awakening 215

Let Patent Medicines Alone 216

Uncle Walt on the Early Fly 216

The Doctor's Dbeam '^■^'

The Educational Value of a Medical Society ...... 222

Who's Your Registrar? 224

Cartoon ^^^

FREE PUBLIC HEALTH LITERATURE

State Board of Health, at Raleigh,
mail.
No. 9. Medical Inspection of Schools

and School Children.
No. 10. Care and Feeding of Babies.
No. 11. The Plague of Flies and

Mosquitoes.
No. 12. Residential Sewage Disposal

Plants.
No. 13. Sanitary Privy.
No. 14. Hookworm Disease.
No. 15. Malaria.
No. 18. Tuberculosis Leaflet.
No. 19. Compilation of Public Health

Laws of North Carolina.
No. 20. Tuberculosis Bulletin.
No. 21. Fly Leaflet.
No. 22. Baby Leaflet.
No. 23. The Vital Statistics Law.

A post card will bring it by return

No. 25. Typhoid Fever Leaflet.

No. 27. The Whole Time County

Health Officer.
No. 28. Typhoid Fever.
No. 29. Rules and Regulations for

County Boards of Health.
No. 30. Measles.
No. 31. Whooping Cough.
No. 32. Diphtheria.
No. 33. Scarlet Fever.
No. 35. Some Light on Typhoid.
No. 36. County Health Work on an

Efficient Basis.
Anti-Spitting Placards (11

inches by 9 inches).
Anti-Fly Placards (11 Inches

by 19 inches).

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I PUBU.5AE:D SY TML HQI^TM CA^UhA 5TATL BOAIgP °^MFAI ^[R

Vol. XXVIII.

FEBRUARY, 1914.

No. II.

THE GIST OF IT

It costs less per year to raise a baby
than to bury it.

Better be a fresh air crank than a
canned air corpse.

Sudden changes in the weather
should be met by sudden changes in
clothing.

It is folly to follow the fashions or
the almanac as an index when to
change from light to heavy clothing.

Public health is purchasable. With-
in natural limitations, a community
can determine its own death rate.

You can not consistently pray, "Thy
kingdom come on earth," with a fly-
breeding place in your back yard.

A little attention to the quality of
the air you breathe for the next month
or two is likely to save you a lot of
trouble.

This is the height of the smallpox
season. If you go about unvaccinated,
you do so at your own risk, and if you
contract smallpox you have no one to
blame but yourself. If you are vacci-
nated you can give smallpox the
laugh. You need be no more afraid of
smallpox than you are of a Mexican
invasion. If you have been vaccinated
within the last five years, you can
nurse a smallpox patient without any
more danger of contracting the disease
than in nursing a case of toothache.

The permanent foundation for the
general prosperity of the State must,
in its final analysis, rest on the gen-
eral health of the people.

The sleeping porch is not only a
matter of comfort in the summer, but
it is fast getting to be a necessity all
the year round.

The Chicago Department of Health
has inaugurated an excellent plan of
inspecting the ventilating system of
their moving picture and other thea-
ters. If the ventilating system is
found satisfactory, a certificate for
good ventilation is granted, which is
displayed at the ticket window.

This is an excellent idea. It puts a
premium on good ventilation and dis-
counts the "canned air" house. Why
not extend it to all places of public
meeting including churches and
schools?

Until your local health department
or the state health authorities can in-
spect theaters and public halls, remem-
ber that unventilated theaters and
halls are little more than incubators
of disease. If the air seems "close"
when you enter such a place, or if the
outside air "smells fresh and good"
when you come out, consider yourself
lucky if you don't contract that other
fellow's cold or grippe. Pneumonia,
consumption and other diseases spread
In just such places, too.

2 It

THE HEALTH BULLETIX.

COUNTY HEALTH OFFICERS

What They Are Doing, According to
Their Own Reports

Like all Gaul, the monthly reports
of the physicians employed by the va-
rious counties can, for the purpose of
comparison, be conveniently divided
into three parts:

I. Reports From County Physiciaxs.
Under the recently amended health
laws it is no longer required of the
county physicians to mail to the State
Board of Health reports covering their
activities, as they are entirely in the
realm of curative medicine— visiting
county dependents— and a record of
such work is of no value to a depart-
ment whose activities are devoted en-
tirely to preventive medicine.
II. Reports Not Subject to Check.
Certain reports from the whole-time
health officers are vague, indefinite,
and not subject to check. As an illus-
tration of this, we have reports stating
that "many children have been exam-
ined"; "many defects found"; and that
"there is a great deal of typhoid in our
county." Other reports give the num-
ber of schools visited and the numbe.-
of children examined, but omit the
names and addresses of the principals
of such schools and the names and ad-
dresses of the children examined. Such
reports as these are not only vague
and indefinite, but inasmuch as it is
absolutely impossible to check them,
they are utterly worthless.
Ill Ideal Reports.
Buncombe Report.
As an example the accompanying cut
is used. This cut is a reproduction of
the report of Dr. Sevier, the V/hole-
Time County Health Officer of Bun-
combe. The report covers his activ-
ities during the first month of office.
It will be seen that during the last
eight days of this month Dr. Sevier

visited nine rural schools and lectured
on sanitation and hygiene at each of
them. The total enrollment is 539;
the number examined is 279. Each
pupil received a careful physical ex-
amination, as well as an examination
of the special organs, such as the nose,
throat, eyes and ears. Of the 279 chil-
dren examined, he found 112 children,
or a fraction more than 48 per cent, to
be defective; or, in other vv^ords, to
need medical attention so that they
might develop into healthy and happv
men and women, not physically handi
capped in the struggle for life, health,
happiness and usefulness. The 112
children who proved to be defective
were so from the follo^Aing causes:
Forty-four had astigmatism (near
sightedness) ; eleven had defectiv.-^
hearing as a result of adenoid.^ and
diseased tonsils ; thirty-eight had teeth
that were so defective as to seriously
affect their health; thirty-six had en-
larged tonsils, producing a suscepti-
bility not only to diphtheria, but to
other contagious diseases common to
childhood; thirty-one had adenoids:
two had skin defects; three had en-
larged glands of such a character as
to arouse a suspicion of consumption;
six children v,-ere excluded from
school on account of contagious le-
sions. Each child that proved to be d?-
fective was given a card upon which
was printed an important message to
the parents calling their attention to
the nature of the defect and urging
that the child be placed in the hands
of a competent physician so that the
defect might be remedied. This report
further shows that the parents of nine
of these children carried out the doc-
tor's instructions and had the defects
promptly removed during the month
in which they were examined. Others
have doubtless followed since.
Sampson Report.
Another example of a good report-
one from Dr. George M. Cooper, Whole-

THE HEALTH BULLETIK.

215

216

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

Time Health Officer of Sampson, for
the month of December, shows that he
gave eleven lectures on public health,
at various points in his county, to an
aggregate audience of 1,575 people,
and, further, that during that month
he examined 721 rural children, find-
ing 376 of them seriously defective in
teeth, vision, or hearing, or because of
adenoids or diseases of the tonsils.
There were also several incipient cases
of tuberculosis. Of those found defec-
tive, his report show-s that fifty were
treated and cured of their defects. To
accomplish these results Dr. Cooper
traveled 505 miles on the public roads
of his county during that month.

A NEW AWAKENING

Health and Child Welfare Coming to
'the Front

Three years ago no one ever thought
of asking the State Board of Health
about how to raise babies. People
thought then that health work con-
sisted in pensioning off some good old
soul in every town and calling him
the "health officer." It was understood,
of course, that this pension should be
very modest, and his duties, if possible,
even more modest. Sure enough, they
were. About all he ever did was to
tack up yellow placards aroun i small-
pox cases and condemn dead horses,
hogs and cattle as "a public nuisance
and a menace to health." Great health
work, wasn't it! Such work looks like
child's play now, compared to the real
life-saving work being done by whole
time county health officers.

As a matter of fact, there is at the
present time a hundred times as much
volunteer health work going on in the
State as was done by most of the so-
called "health officers." To illustrate,
the writer reproduces herewith the first
two letters he opened in this morning's
mail. The first is from a mother in a
little village that never was able to

pension off a health officer, and it is
just about as well off, anyway. The
letter reads as follows:

State Board of Health, Raleigh, N. C.
Gentlemen: — Please send me some
literature, about a half dozen copies, to
distribute to some poor, ignorant moth-
ers on the care and feeding of babies
from birth to two years of age.
Very truly yours,

Mrs. J. P. P

The next letter was from a very busy
physician. His letter is brief and to
the point, but he still has time to do
more than deal out pills and render
bills. His letter, with the names
slightly changed, is as follows:

State Board of Health, Raleigh. N. C.
Gentlemen:- — Please send Miss Hat-
tie Roberts, of Doesville, your litera-
ture on tuberculosis.

Sincerely,

C. L

These are not special or selected let-
ters, but they represent the general run
of requests for literature and informa-
tion on public health and sanitation.
Three years ago not as many such re-
quests were received by the State
Board of Health in a month as are
now received daily.

All this represents the dawn of the
health age and a special movement in
the direction of child welfare. Chil-
dren are beginning to come into their
own. It certainly argues well for a
state when we begin paying more at-
tention to the health and well-being of
our babies, when we are taking our
children out of factories and when we
give them longer school terms. Re-
member, these little children will be
the citizens of North Carolina in the
future, and the greatness of a state is
no greater than that of her citizens.

Let the good work go on. Where
you know of a case of tuberculosis ask
the State Board of Health to send a
bulletin on tuberculosis; where you
know of a baby whose mother might
profit by receiving free literature on

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

217

the care and feeding of babies send a
postcard to the Board and the desired
literature will go forward.

LET PATENT MEDICINES
ALONE

1. There may be any one of a hun-
dred things the matter with you. You
can't tell which trouble you have.

2. There are a hundred different con-
coctions advertised. You can't tell
which one you need. This again is
guess work — mere guess work when
life and health are in the balance.

3. In either case, if you guess wrong,
positive injury is done; for any medi-
cine strong enough to do good work
when needed will do harm when not
needed.

4. A remedy useful in one stage of a
disease may be positively injurious at
some other stage of that disease. With
the patent medicine there is no dis-
crimination.

5. Because you get well after using a
certain preparation is no reason you

• get well because of it. When you are
sick there are fifty chances to one that
you will get well anyhow, and if you
take a patent medicine, the chances
are that you recover in spite of taking
it, and not because of taking it.

6. The recuperative powers in the
body — the natural tendency to throw
off disease, readjust our physical ma-
chinery, and get things back in good
order— these are your greatest helps
in getting well again, and a drug
which is not needed by your system
hinders and checks these recuperative
powers— and if you use patent medi-
cine, there are a hundred chances to
one that you will get a drug that 's not
needed for your particular malady and
your particular stage of that malady.

7. Right living will make it unneces-
sary to drug yourself except at very
rare intervals, but if you do get sick
enough to really need treatment, better

try a negro conjure doctor than take a
concoction of drugs prepared by a man
who probably has no medical train-
ing, has never seen you, knows noth-
ing of your case, and whose mixture
has ninety-nine chances of missing
you to one of hitting. The negro con-
jure doctor will at least do you no
harm; the patent medicine almost cer-
tainly will. — Progressive Farmer,

UNCLE WALT ON THE EARLY
FLY

The early fly's the one to swat. It
comes before the weather's hot, and
sits around and files its legs, and lays
at least ten million eggs, and every
egg will bring a fly to drive us crazy
by and by. Oh, every fly that skips
our swatters will have five million sons
and daughters, and countless first and
second cousins, and aunts and uncles,
scores of dozens, and fifty-seven bil-
lion nieces; so knock the blamed thing
all to pieces. And every niece and ev-
ery aunt — unless we swat them so
they can't — will lay enough dcdgasted
eggs to fill up ten five-gallon kegs,
and all these eggs, ere summer hies,
will bring forth twenty trillion flies.
And thus it goes, an endless chain, so
all our swatting is in vain unless we do
that swatting soon, in Maytime and in
early June. So, men and brothers, let
us rise, gird up our loins and swat the
flies! And sisters, leave your cozy
bowers where you have wasted golden
hours; with ardor in your souls and
eyes, roll up your sleeves and swat the
flies! — Walt Mason..

An average of six months' treatment
will cure four-fifths of the early cases
of tuberculosis. That costs only $180
at the State Sanatorium for the Treat-
ment of Tuberculosis. Statistics show
that the value of the average person
cured of tuberculosis is $7,000. A
pretty good investment, is it not?

•JIS

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

THE DOCTOR'S DREAM

A Graphic Picture of a Doctor's Duties As They Are and
As They Should Be

By Dr. Victor C. Vaughan, President American Medical Association, Ann Arbor, Mich.

The Dreamer.
Dr. Smith is a practitiontr in one
of the large cities of the Middle West.
He is a man of good training, a classi-
cal graduate, took his professional
course in one of our best schools, and
did hospital service both at home and
abroad. He is a general practitioner
and keeps well posted in all that he
does. He makes no claim to universal
knowledge or skill, but is conscien-
tious in all his work, and when he
meets with a case needing the service
of a specialist he does not hesitate to
call in the best help. He has made a
good living, demands fair fees from
those who are able to pay, and gives
much gratuitous service to the poor.
He is beloved by his patients, held in
high esteem by his confreres, and is
respected by all who know him. He
is a keen observer, reads character for
the most part correctly, and is not eas-
ily imposed upon. While he recognizes
the value of his services, he is not in
the practice of medicine with the ex-
pectation of getting rich, and his in-
terests are largely human and scien-
tific. He has deep sympathy for those
whose ignorance leads them to sin
against their own bodies, but he is de-
void of weak sentimentality and does
not hesitate to admonish and even de-
nounce the misdeeds of his patients
whatever their social position. Dur-
ing twenty years of practice in the
same locality he has become ac-
quainted with the vices and virtues of
many families.

He is not looking for the coming of

the millenlum, but he is often impa-
tient of the slow pace with which the
race moves toward physical, mental
and moral betterment. One of his pa-
trons is a large manufacturer employ-
ing many unskilled laborers. Dr.
Smith has often pointed out to this
man that the efficiency of his working
force would be multiplied many times
were the men paid better wages, the
work done in rooms better lighted and
ventilated, and in general with a little
more humaneness shown them. An-
other is at the head of a big mercantile
house which employs clerks at the
lowest possible wages and makes the
conditions of life well nigh unendur-
able. A wealthy woman gives largely
to church and charity from her rev-
enues, which come from the rental of
houses in the red light district. An-
other of the doctor's patrons is a gro-
cer who sells "egg substitutes" and
similar products "all guaranteed un-
der the pure food law."

We will not continue the list of the
doctor's patrons, and it must not oe in-
ferred that all are bad, for this is not
true. The majority are honest, con-
scientious, people as is the case in all
communities. Our country has a pop-
ulation of nearly one hundred millions.
Millions of these are decent, respecta-
ble citizens, not altogether wise, but
for the most part well intentioned.
Thousands are brutal in their in-
stincts, criminal in their pursuits, and
breeders of their kind. We claim to
be civilized, but there are those among
us who would be stoned to death were

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

219

they to attempt to live in a tribe of
savages.

The Day Bei ore the Dream.

But I must stop these parenthetical
excursions and get back to Dr. Smith
and his dream. On a certain day in
November of the present year he had
been unusually busy, even for one
whose working hours frequently
double the legal limit. During his
office hours he had seen several cases
which gave him grave concern. There
was William Thompson, the son of his
old classmate and college chum, now
Judge Thompson. William finished at
the old University and is now an em-
bryo lawyer promising to follow in the
footsteps of his honored and honor-
able father, but William belonged to a
fast fraternity at college and came to
Dr. Smith this morning with copper-
colored spots over his body and a lo-
cal sore. The doctor easily diagnosed
the case and pointed out to William
that he was a walking culture flask of
spirochetes, a constant source of dan-
ger to all who should come in contact
with him, and that years of treatment
would be necessary to render him
sound again. On the lip of a girl, the
daughter of another old friend, the
doctor had found a chancre caused by
a kiss from her fiance, a supposedly
upright man prominent in church and
social circles. He had seen a case
of gonorrhea in a girl baby contracted
from her mother, the wife of a labor-
ing man. A case of gonorrheal oph-
thalmia in a young man, whose only sin
was that he had used the same towel
used by an older brother, next de-
manded his attention. Several cases
of advanced tuberculosis among those
who had been told by less conscien-
tious physicians that the cough was
only a bronchial trouble made Dr.
Smith lament the standard of skill and
honor among some of his professional
brethren. Rapid loss in weight in an

old friend who had been too busy to
consult him earlier was diagnosed as
neglected diabetes. In another in-
stance dimness of vision and frequent
headaches persisting for months had
not sufficed to send an active business
man to the physician. This proved to
be an advanced case of Bright's dis-
ease, which should have been recog-
nized two years earlier. Urinary, oph-
thalmoscopic and blood pressure tests
demonstrated the seriousness of the
present condition. A breast tumor on
the wife of an old and respected friend
showed extensive involvement of the
axillary glands and the operation de-
manded promised only temporary re-
lief, while had it been done months
before, complete removal of the dis-
eased tissue would have resulted.

In making his calls for the day Dr.
Smith had experienced both among the
well-to-do and the poor many things
which had brought within the range
of his vision more and darker clouds
than those which floated in the dull
November sky. More than a year be-
fore he had become estranged from
the family of one of his oldest and best
friends. The breaking of this rela-
tionship, which had continued from
his earliest professional service and
had been filled with the common joys
and sorrows shared only by the family
physician and those under his charge,
had cast a deep shadow over the doc-
tor's life. He had officiated at the
birth of each of his friend's five chil-
dren, and he felt a parental love and
pride in them as he saw them grow
into healthy womanhood and man-
hood. A little more than a year ago
he learned that the eldest of these
children, a beautiful and healthy girl
of eighteen, was engaged to a young
man whom he knew to be a rake. In
a spirit of altruism he had gone to the
father and mother, and protested
against the sacrifice of the daughter.
This kindly intended intervention was

220

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

met with a stormy rebuff, and the doc-
tor was rudely dismissed from his
friend's house. But when the young
woman, whose life with her unfaithful
husband had made her deeply regret
her fatal infatuation, felt the first
pains of childbirth, she begged of her
parents that her old friend might be
sent for, and that morning he had de-
livered her of a syphilitic child. How
unlike the previous births at which he
had officiated in this friend's house!
It had been the custom to have the
doctor at every birthday dinner given
the five children, and one of the boys
bore his name. There would be no
birthdays for this, the first grandchild,
and what could the future promise the
young mother? Surely, the November
day was overcast with clouds for Dr.
Smith before its gray light awoke the
slumbering city. As he walked the
few short blocks from his friend's
to his own home, he cried in deepest
sorrow how many thousands of daugh-
ters must be sacrificed before their par-
ents will permit them to walk in the
light of knowledge and not in the
shadow of ignorance. After breakfast,
which was scarcely tasted, he read in
the morning paper that the announce-
ment that "Damaged Goods" was to be
given in his University town had met
with such a storm of protest from
the learned members of the faculty
that the engagement had been can-
celled. "Surely," he said, "the fetters
of prudery and custom bind both the
learned and the unlearned."

After his morning office hours Dr.
Smith visited his patients at the city
hospital. Here is a wreck from co-
caine intoxication, the poison having
been purchased from a drug store
owned by a prominent local politician.
In a padded cell is a man with deli-
rium tremens, a patron of a gilded sa-
loon run by another political boss. In
the lying-in ward are a dozen girls se-
duced in as many dance halls, with

drinking alcoves. Time will relieve
these girls of the products of concep-
tion, a longer time will be required to
free them from the diseases which
they have contracted, but all time will
not wash away the stains on their
lives, and what of the fatherless chil-
dren to be born? Thirty beds are filled
with typhoids, who under the best con-
ditions must spend long weeks in the
bondage of a fever which day by day
gradually but inexorably tightens its
grasp. The furred tongue, glazed eyes,
fiushed cheeks, bounding pulses, ema-
ciated frames, delirious brains were
all due to the fact that a large manu-
facturer had run a private sewer into
the river above the water works. The
greed and ignorance of one business
firm had been permitted to endanger
the lives of half a million of people.

In his family calls the doctor met
with conditions equally lamentable.
A fond mother in her ignorance had
nursed a sore throat in one of her chil-
dren with domestic remedies. The
membranous patches on the tonsils,
extending upward into the nasal pas-
sages and downv/ard into the larynx,
and the cyanotic face with labored
breathing showed that even the mag-
ical curative action of diphtheria an-
titoxin, that wonderful discovery of
modern medicine, would be of little
avail in this individual case. The other
children were treated with immuniz-
ing doses, and the doctor had the con-
solation of knowing that death's har-
vest in that household would be lim-
ited to the one whom the mother's ig-
norance had doomed.

The next call brought Dr. Smith to
a home in which the condition was
equally deplorable and still more inex-
cusable. One of the children some
months before had been bitten by a
strange cur, which soon disappeared
in the alley. The wound was only a
scratch and was soon forgotten. Now,
the child was showing the first symp-

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

221

toms of that horrible disease, hydro-
phobia. But dogs must not be muz-
zled. Women with plumes, torn from
living birds, in their hats, formed a so-
ciety for the prevention of cruelty to
animals and so declared.

It must not be inferred that all of
Dr. Smith's experiences on that No-
vember day were sad. Men are mor-
tal; all sickness is not preventable;
accidents will happen and distressing
Injuries result. This world is not an
Eden and no one expects that all sor-
row will be banished from it. Decay
and death approach with advancing
years. Strength and weakness are
relative terms, and those possessed of
the former must help bear the bur-
dans of those afflicted with the latter.
Dr. Smith being a hard-headed, rea-
sonable, scientific man, is no Eutopian,
and he frequently meets in sick rooms
experiences which greatly increase
both his interest and his confidence in
man. He finds the young and vigor-
ous denying themselves many pleas-
ures in order to brighten the pathways
of the old and infirm, the fortunate
lending a helping hand to the unfor-
tunate, and the wise leading the un-
wise. No one, more than the family
physician, can measure and appreci-
ate the innate goodness that springs
without an effort from the heart of
humanity. It is difficult for the physi-
cian of large experience to unreserv-
edly condemn anyone, and he is in-
clined to regard all sins as due to
either heredity or environment. How-
ever, it must be admitted that on this
day Dr. Smith had seen but little sun-
shine, and the clouds that had gath-
ered about him had hidden the virtues
and magnified the vices of his com-
munity. Especially was this true
of the vice of ignorance, for ignorance
which results in injury to one's fel-
lows is not only a vice but a crime, a
moral, if not a statutory one.

The Deeam.

Late that night as the doctor sat be-
fore his grate he fell asleep, and now
he is busy among his patients in a way
hitherto quite unknown to him. His
waiting-room is filled with people, old
and young, of both sexes, who have
come to be examined in order to ascer-
tain the exact condition of their
health. A young man before propos-
ing marriage to the woman of his
choice wishes a thorough examination.
He wishes to know that in offering
himself he is not bringing to the M'om-
an any harm. He desires to become
the father of healthy children and he
is not willing to transmit any serious
defect to them. He tells the doctor
to examine him as carefully as he
would were he applying for a large
amount of life insurance. The doctor
goes through the most thorough physi-
cal examination and tests the secre-
tions and blood with the utmost care.
He understands his own responsibility
in the matter and appreciates the high
sense of honor displayed by his pa-
tient. A young woman for like rea-
sons has delayed her final answer to
the man who has asked her hand in
order that the doctor might pass upon
her case.

Here is the doctor's old friend, Wil-
liam Stone. Mr. Stone is in the early
fifties. He has been a highly success-
ful, honorable business man, has ac-
cumulated a sufficiency and enjoys the
good things which his wife prepares
for the table. A careful examination
of the urine leads the doctor to cau-
tion Mr. Stone to reduce the carbohy-
drates in his food. Mr. Perkins, a
lawyer who throws his whole strength
in every case he tries, and of late has
found himself easily irritated, shows
increased urinary secretion and a
blood pressure rather high. A vaca-
tion with light exercise and more rest
is the preventive prescription which

TH£ JIEALTH BULLETIN.

he receives. Mrs. Williams, after be-
ing examined by Dr. Smith, undergoes
a slight operation under local anes-
thesia, and is relieved of the first an:]
only malignant cells found in her
breast. Richard Roe, who is preparing
for a long journey, is vaccinated
against typhoid fever, a disease no
longer existent in Dr. Smith's city,
since pollution of the water has been
discontinued. John Doe, who is a
miueralogical expert and wishes to do
some prospecting in high altitudes,
has his heart examined.

There are numerous applicants for
pulmonary examinations. This is
done by Dr. Smith and his assitants in
a most thorough and up-to-date man-
ner, and advice is given each accord-
ing to the findings. It has been many
years since Dr. Smith has seen an ad-
vanced case of pulmonary tuberculosis,
and the great white plague will soon
be a tiling of the past. Everybody
goes to a physician twice a year and
undergoes a thorough examination.
The result of this examination is
stated in a permanent record, and no
two consecutive examinations are
made by the same physician, in order
that a condition overlooked by one
may be detected by another. Cases of
doubt or in which there is difference
of opinion are referred to special
boards.

The average of human life has been
greatly increased and the sum of hu-
man suffering has been greatiy de-
creased. Preventive has largely re-
placed curative medicine. Tenements
are no longer known; prostitution, and
witli it the venereal diseases, has dis-
appeared; institutions for the feeble-
minded are no longer needed, becauss
the breed has died out; insanity is
rapidly decreasing, because its chief
progenitors, alcoholism and syphilis,
have been suppressed.

These and many other pleasing
visions come to Dr. Smith in his
dream, from which he is startled bv

tlie ring of the telephone at his elbow.
The call says: "Come quickly to Pat
Ryan's saloon at the corner of Myrtle
and Second. There has been a
drunken row. Bring your surgical in
struments." Then the smiles which
had played over the face of the doctor
in his dream were displaced by lines of
care, and he went forth into the dark-
ness of ignorance and crime.

There are many Dr. Smiths and
they have been seeing pleasing visions
in their dreams and meeting with
stern realities in their waking hours.
Nearly fifty thousand Dr. Smiths con-
stitute the American Medical Associa-
tion, which is expending thousands oi
dollars annually in trying to so edu-
cate the people that unnecessary dis-
ease will be prevented. The doctors are
asking that the work of the national,
state, municipal and rural health or-
ganizations may be made more effec-
tive, that the knowledge gained in th-^
study of the causation of disease may
be utilized. The world has seen what
has been done in Havana and in the
Canal Zone, how yellow fever and ma-
laria have been suppressed, and hovr
the most pestilential spots on earth
may be converted into healthful habi-
tations for man. Scientific medicine
has made these demonstrations, and
the world applauds, but seems slow to
make general application of the rules
of hygiene.

The unvaccinated are the dangerous
people. They are the ones, and the
only ones, that perpetuate this loath-
some disease, that cause gullible pub-
lic officials to erect "pesthouses" at
public expense. And, by the way, pub-
lic expense usually means at the ex-
pense of the vaccinated, for the best
and most intelligent people of today
are vaccinated. Only the careless, the
ignorant, and particularly the negroe?,
are unvaccinated. To which class di
you belong?

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

223

THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF A MEDICAL SOCIETY

Presidential Address Before ihe Wake County Medical Society, January 9, 1913
By Hubert A. Rotster, A.B., M.D., Raleigh, N. C.

It is quite unnecessary to enter
upon an argument to demonstrate tlie
benefits to be derived from -member-
ship in a medical organization. It
goes witlicut saying that, in order to
be effective in the world, each profes-
sion, trade or business must be or-
ganized and that the individual mem-
bers must stand together. The medi-
cal profession is no exception to this
principle. When we club together into
societies, we are helping to cement
closer the whole profession every-
where into a homogeneous body so
that v/e may act as a unit on questions
which concern all of us. Cooperation
is a vital thing in these days and
physicians particularly need it, to pro-
mote their own social and professional
uplift, to secure adequate sanitary
laws in their communities, and to pro-
tect themselves against impostors, de-
linquents and quacks. Surely none
can deny that these are worthy aims
and righteous prerogatives.

But these purposes, excellent as they
are, do not represent all that the or-
ganized profession stands for. I most
emphatically believe that the highest
function of a medical society is edu-
cational. Its chief reason for exist-
ence is to make better doctors of its
members. Mutual relations hold here
as well. We can all teach each other
something and we all learn from each
other. After all, we are on earth only
for this — to do our work each day as
v.ell as we can and to give humanity
the advantage of our knov\iedge and
labor. The differences between us as
physicians consist not in the incomes
we make, or in the number of patients
we see in a day, but rather in what we
know and how industriously and con-
'icientiously we use what we know.
"The knowledge which we can use is
the only real knowledge All else

hangs like dust about the brain or
dries up like rain drops off the
stones." When we acquire knowledge
it is our privilege to pass it on to oth-
ers. In doing so we strengthen our
own store and inspire thoughts in
those who receive it. Great is the re-
ward of the man who causes two ideas
to grow where only one grew before.
No man can possibly master a subject
unless he either talks it or writes it.
When a paper is prepared it means
that the author has got hold of his
subject matter and improved himself
to that extent: when it is discussed
the thoughts are scattered broadcast
and some kernel is certain to spring
up fourfold. Without debate there can
be no progress; if we all agree, the
wheels stand still. And this is what
the medical society does — it causes us
to progress in knowledge, it takes the
kinks out of our thought waves, it
makes for a breadth of ideas that all
the reading, all the schools and all the
clinical experience can never give.

The most interesting thing about a
medical meeting is. the feeling that we
have come both to receive and to im-
part that which will be of service. I
have sometimes wondered if we real-
ized that the most important part of
our program each month is that which
relates to the actual professional
work — clinical reports and the reading
of papers — and that whatever else
comes up is purely incidental. The
framers of the by-laws for county so-
cieties over the country evidently had
this in mind, for they wisely placed
the scientific portion first and then
arranged for the business side. In so-
cieties which have the opposite rule,
I have seen the time so taken up with
parliamentary proceedings and un-
finished business that the appointed
subject for discussion was actually

224

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

postponed to the next meeting. De-
bate on the fee-bill will at any time
bring a large attendance, while hardly
a corporal's guard may be mustered
to hear a paper.

No objection can possibly be offered
to the consideration of business af-
fairs, to the question of cooperative
collections or to conferences for benefi-
cent legislation; but these matters
can never be paramount. Somehow I
feel that it is abhorrent to look upon
our society as a trades-union or a pro-
tective association. We are not in the
profession to keep somebody out or to
secure laws for our own aggrandize-
ment. We need cooperation, truly, but
only with those who are striving for
the same ideals as we are: we need
protection, but chiefly to protect our-
selves against ignorance in our own
ranks. This can be done solely by
teaching each other and learning from
each other. The public part and the
business side of the profession will
take care of themselves, if we but
strive every day to know more than
we did the day before. And remember
that in medicine, knowledge, not
money, means fame; and that fame
will bring fortune, if rightly directed.
This is the reverse of a trade or a
business, where money means fame
and special knowledge counts for so
little.

The value of membership in a medi-
cal society is exactly what each indi-
vidual member himself sets upon it.
Those who go the oftenest, pay the
strictest attention and do their best
work get the most out of it; while
those who absent themselves, take
small interest in the proceedings and
never engage in them get very little
out of it. I have heard men say that
they got nothing out of any society
meeting, that they could read it up at
home, that they never saw one more
dollar come to them by virtue of their
membership. Such remarks make me
feel sad and hopeless. I should think
the social contact would appeal to

those men, if nothing else. It is a fine
thing to rub elbows and swap jokes
wath your colleagues. We do not en-
joy this as much or as often as we
should. There is no reason why we
should not be as hearty and well-met
as men in other departments of the
world's work. But we are much im-
proved over ten years ago. The petty
jealousies and unjust bickerings are
fast disappearing, — are almost gone.
And it is the medical society that has
done it. Show me the man who never
attends his local meeting and I will
point out to you a man who is practi-
cally unknown to his professional
brethren. He is aloof and alone. More
than this, he is not keeping abreast of
his profession. He is tested by his
work (or lack of it) in the society.
There are some doctors who are
always too busy to learn how to do it
better.

The surest way to show one's inter-
est in a society is to attend its meet-
ings regularly. Whatever else one
may or may not do, being present is
the essential thing. No church, lodge
or club ever succeeded unless its mem-
bers were enthusiastic in att- 'dance.
That is the spirit to infuse here. It
would be a splendid sight to find at
least two-thirds of our members
in their seats at each session dur-
ing the coming year. Shall not all of
us take the pledge that nothing ex-
cept extraordinary circumstances will
keep us away from the regularly ap-
pointed hours? It will mean perhaps
a sacrifice of comfort to many, a strain
on the memory of some and a fancied
smaller purse to others; but nothing
is done without sacrifice and we may
afford it once a month.

I crave your indulgence and ask
your support for the program which is
herewith submitted. I thank you from
the bottom of my heart for the honor
of presiding over your deliberations
for 1913. Be assured that I feel very
close to you all as brothers of the
same household of faith.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

225

WHO'S YOUR REGISTRAR?
Where and How to Register Births and Deaths

Now that the new State law requires
that every birth and death be regis-
tered, a great many people want to
know where to have such matters re-
corded, and how.

It is all very simple. There is one
person, known as the Local Registrar,
appointed in each incorporated town
by the mayor, and in each township in
the county by the chairman of the
Board of county Commissioners. This
local registrar is supplied with all
blank forms for recording births and
deaths, and reports all such records
each month to the State Registrar at
Raleigh.

In the case of a birth the doctor or
midwife who attends the birth reports
the facts to the local registrar, and
a birth certificate is made out giving
the date of birth, sex of the child, and
other statistical particulars regarding
the names and address of the parents,
and so on. Where there is no doctor
or midwife in attendance, the parents
are required to attend to this matter.

In the case of a death the doctor
fills out the medical cause of death on
the death certificate furnished by the
undertaker, and the undertaker se-

cures the other statistical items, such
as age, date of birth, occupation, and
so on, from any one competent to fur-
nish such information. Where there
is no undertaker, the person who sells
the casket at retail is required to place
a blank death certificate and a printed
instruction sheet (both of which are
furnished by the State Board of
Health) in each casket. Then the per-
son acting as undertaker is required
to fill out and file the death certificate
with the local registrar.

The local registrar therefore be-
comes a very important personage in
every town and township. For this
reason we give below a complete list
of all local registrars in the State. Be
sure to look up your own local regis-
trar, in order to get in touch with him
in case of a birth or death in the
neighborhood. As every town and
township in the State wants complete
registration of every birth and death
occurring within its borders, it is a
very good idea to keep the local regis-
trar posted about all births and deaths
occurring in your neighborhood, in or-
der that none may be omitted.

List of Local Registrars of Vital Statistics in North Carolina by
Counties, Towns and Townships*

ALAMANCE COUNTY.

Towns.
Burlington — G. L. Amick.
Elon College — Mrs. J. N. Newman.
Graham — W. J. Nicks.
Mebane — Miss Jennie S. Lasley.

Townships.
Albright — Geo. P. Thompson, Graham,
No. 1.

Boon Station — Mrs. J. N. Newman,
Elon College.

Burlington — G. L. Amick, Burlington.

Coble — Green A. Nicholson, Burling-
ton, R. P. D.

Fai'cett — C. A. Wilson, Burlington.

Graham — W. J. Nicks, Graham.

Haw River — J. H. Blackman, Sr., Haw
River.

Melville — Miss Jennie Lasley, Mebane.

Morton — D. M. Ireland, Altamahaw.

' Every incorporated town and every township in North Carolina conatitutes a registration district.

THE HP:aLTH Bl'IXETIN.

Newlin — J. M. Foust, Graham, No. 1.
Patterson — June Hornady, Liberty.
Pleasant Grove — J. E. Sellars, Mebane,

No. 3.
Thompson — Chas. A. Thompson, Svvep-

sonville.

ALEXANDER COUNTY.
Towns.
Taylorsville — R. K. Moose.

Townships.

Ellendale — G. C. Keller, Taylorsville.

Gwaltneys — J. A. Lowrence, Hiddenite,
No. 1.

Little River — •

Millers — L. Dagenhart, Stony Point.
No. 2.

Sharpes — W. C. Lackey, Hiddenite,
No. 1.

Sugar Loaf — Peter Daniels, Taylors
ville.

Taylorsville — R. K. Moose, Taylors-
ville.

Wittenberg — J. L. Hammer, Taylors-
ville.

ALLEGHANY COUNTY.
Townships.
-C. C. Thompson, Cherry

F. Upchurch, Laurel

Cherry Lane-
Lane.

Cranberry — S.
Springs.

Gap Civil — John C. Roup, Sparta.

Glade Creek — E. C. Edwards, Eunice.

Piney Creek — F. N. Roup, Piney Creek.

Prather's Creek — C. M. Sanders, Strat-
ford.

Whitehead— W. B. Reeves, Whitehead.

ANSON COUNTY.

Towns.

Ansonville — Dr. O. W. Shell um.
Lilesville — J. D. Morton.
McFarlan— Dr. T. F. Misenheimer.
Morven — Dr. T. F. Meisenheimer.
Peachland — S. L. Thomas.
Polkton— W. T. Edwards.
South Wadesboro— G. W. Huntley.
Wadesboro — G. W. Huntley.

Townships.

Ansonville — Dr. O. W. Shellum, Anson-
ville.

Burnsville— R. H. Thomas, Marshville.

Gulledge— Dr. J. E. Hart, Wadesboro.
No. 2.

Lansboro —

Lilesville — Dr. J. E. Kerr, Lilesville.

Morven — Dr. T. F. Meisenheimer,

Morven.
Wadesboro — Dr. J. M. Covington, Jr.,

Wadesboro.
White Store— C. H. Rivers, White

Store.

ASHE COUNTY.

Townships.

Chestnut Hill — J. E. Gamble, Grump-
ier.

Clifton — J. A. Jones, Clifton.

Creston — W. J. McEwen, Creston.

Grassy Creek — Wiley P. Colvard,
Weaversford.

Helton — Cleveland Francis, Helton.

Horse Creek — Arthur Sheets, Lansing.

Jefferson — W. E. Gentry, Jefferson.

Laurel — Hugh Hagaman, Hemlock.

North Fork — W. F. Lewis, Ashland.

Obids—

Oldfields— F. G. Ray, Bald-A-in.

Peak Creek — J. C. Miller, Laurel
Springs.

Pine Swamp — W. H. Owens, Idlewild.

Piney Creek — Roby Blevins, Brandon.

Walnut Hill— A. R. Vail, Grumpier.

AVERY COUNTY.
Towns.
Elk Park— J. R. Patton.
Minneapolis— C. C. Burleson.
Newland — Harry B. Burleson.
Montezuma — W. S. Sudesth.

Townships.

Altamont — A. A. Johnson, Crossnore.

Banners Elk — T. L. Lowe, Banners
Elk.

Beech Mountain — S. N. Hodges, V/ha-
ley.

Cranberry — H. T. Norman, Elk Park.

Linville — C. C. Johnson, Crossnore.

Roaring Creek — Robt. Burleson, Val-
ley.

Toe River.

Wilsons Creek— (Colif ax) Clarke, Na-
oma.

BEAUFORT COUNTY.

Towns.
Bath— W. A. Tankard.
Belhaven— J. W. Ricks.
Chocowinity — M. G. Peele.
Edward— Dr. O. 0. Kafer.
Pantego— J. P. Clark.
Pinetown— F. L. Morris.
Washington — W. C. Ayers.

Townships.

Bath — D. D. Harrison, Bath.
Chocowinity — J. E. Taylor, Chocowin-
ity.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

227

Long Acre — J. G. Mixon, R. F. D. 4,

Washington.
Pantego — Thos. Green, Pantego.
Richland — Dr. W. T. Potter, Aurora.
Washington — W. M. Cooper, R. P. D.,

Washington.

BERTIE COUNTY.

Towns.

Aulander^ — J. Lawrence Harrington.
Colerain — Carl B. Sessoms.
Kelford— J. H. Prichard.
Lewiston — H. G. Harrington.
Roxobel — W. J. Watson.
Windsor — E. W. Gray.

Townships.

Colerain — C. B. Sessoms, Colerain.

Indian Woods — D. C. Outlaw, Windsor.

Merry Hill-
Mitchell—

Roxobel —

Snakebite — T. T. Speight, Windsor, R.
F. D. 1.

Whites— P. F. Cobb, Merry Hill, R. F.
D.

Woodville — H. G. Harrington, Lewis-
ton.

BLADEN COUNTY.

Towns.

Abbottsburg — R. K. Craven.
Bladenboro — W. W. Hester.
Councils— Dr. A. B. Holmes, Box 78.
Clarkton — Neil Siugletary.
Elizabethtown — H. H. Barnhill.

Townships.

Abbottsburg — R. K. Craven, Abbotts-
burg.

Bethel— W. F. McNeill, Doublin.

Bladenboro — W. W. Hester, Bladen-
boro.

Brown Marsh — • N. M. Singletary,
Clarkton.

Carver Creek — Dr. A. B. Holmes,
Council.

Central— J. O. Ellis, Yorick.

Colby — D. A. Marshburn, Elizabeth-
town, R. P. D.

Cypress Creek — G. W. Howard, Par-
kersburg.

Elizabethtown — Hasley H. Barnhill,
Elizabethtown.

French Creek — L. R. Lyon, Kelly.

Hollow— B. C. DeVane, Tar Heel.

Turnbull — L. D. Melvin, Parkersburg,
R. F. D.

White Oak— Geo. H. Smith, White Oak.

Lake Creek —

White's Creek — I. A. Register, Rosin-
dale.

BRUNSWICK COUNTY.

Towns.

Bolivia — J. P. Cox.
Shallotte— L. C. Tripp.
Southport— S. P. Tharp.

Townships.

Lockwoods Folly — L. H. Phelps, Sup-
ply.

North West — F. M. Williams, Phoenix.

Shallotte — Dalton Edwards, Shallotte.

Smithville — S. P. Tharp, Southport.

Town Creek — R. S. McKeithan, Town
Creek.

Waccamaw — D. B. Edwards, Exum.

BUNCOMBE COUNTY.

Towns.

Alexander— W. R. Tillery.
Asheville — Miss L. G. Williamson.
Biltmore — Mrs. Lillian Dowtin.
Black Mountain — Guy H. Dobbin.
Jupiter — W. W. Crowder.
South Biltmore— H. V. Miller, Bilt-
more.
Weaverville — E. V. Merrill.

Townships.

Asheville — Miss Lula Gay Williamson,
Asheville.

Black Mountain — Guy H. Dobbin,
Black Mountain.

Every's Creek — Geo. B. Glenn, Arden,
R. F. D.

Fairview — Pinkney O. Merrell, Fair-
view.

Flat Creek — Frank Blackstock, Stock-
ville.

French Broad — James Hunter, Alexan-
der.

Ivy — Lee Arrowood, Democrat.

Leicester — J. E. Triplett, Leicester.

Limestone — Chas. O. Case, Skyland.

Lower Hominy — W. E. Fletcher, Can-
dler, R. F. D.

Reems Creek — E. V. Merrell, Weaver-
ville.

Sandy Mush — G. T. Anderson, Sandy
Mush.

Swannanoa — T. L. White, Swannanoa.

Upper Hominy — W. E. Brooks, Can-
dler.

BURKE COUNTY.

Towns.

Glen Alpine — L. F. Brinkley.
Hildebran — G. L. Stine.
Morganton — R. W. Pipkin.

228

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

Townships.

Icai'd — G. L. Stines, Hildebran.

Jonas Ridge — Jake Teems, Jonas
Ridge, R. F. D. 4.

Linville — A. H. Giles, Fonta Flora.

Lovelady — J. A. Perry, Rutherford
College.

Lower Creek — W. B. Berry, Morganton.

Lower Fork — A. J. Wacaster, Con-
nelly Springs, R. F. D. No. 3.

Morganton Xo. 1 — Jacob Williams,
Connelly Springs, R. F. D. No. 4.

Morganton No. 2— J. S. Jlnl", Morgan-
ton, R. F. D. No. 4.

Quaker Meadow — T. W. Drury, Mor-
ganton, R. F. D. No. 5.

Silver Creek — L. F. Brinkley, Glen
Alpine.

Smokv Creek— E. H. Tilley, Morgan-
ton, R. F. D. No. 2.

Upper Creek — Alphonso McGimsey,
Table Rock.

Upper Fork — S. L. Denton, Morganton,
R. F. D. No. 4.

CABARRUS COUNTY.

Towns.

Concord — Jas. C. Fink.
Mount Pleasant — L. S. Shirey.

Townships.

Baptist Church— W. H. Stallings, Har-
risburg, No. 5.

Bethel Church— E. P. Black, Harris-
burg, No. 4.

Concord— Jas. C. Fink, Concord.

Cooks Cross Roads— J. A. Winecoff,
Glass.

Deweese — Mack Bradford, Concord,
No. 2.

Faggarts — A. H. Penninger, Concord,
No. 4.

Mount Gilead— M. J. Shinn, Concord,
No. 3.

Mount Pleasant— Oscar Walker, Con-
cord, No. 5.

Poplar Tent — Davis Brumby, Concord,
No. 1.

Reed Misenheimers— J. H. Moose, Gold
Hill.

Rocky River— C. L. Sims, Harrisburg.

Smith — R. F. Widenhouse, Mt. Pleas-
ant, R. No. 1.

CALDWELL COUNTY.
Towns.

Granite Falls— Dr. J. O. Deal.

Lenoir — A. A. Kent.

Mortimer —

Patterson — J. R. Parker.

Rhodhiss— Dr. O. J. Corpening, Granite

Falls.
Hudson— H. E. Austin.

Townships.

Globe — J. L. Gragg, Globe.

Hudson — H. E. Austin, Hudson.

Johns River— C. P. Clark, Adako.

Kings Creek— J. T. Parlier, Kings
Creek.

Lenoir — Charlie Mitchel, Lenoir.

Little River — Rev. James Shaver, Le-
noir, No. 2.

Lovelady — J. O. Deal, Granite Falls.

Lower Creek — Charlie Ballew, Lenoir,
No. 2.

North Catawba— W. M. Smith, Granite
Falls, No. 2.

Patterson — A. E. Nelson, Patterson.

Wilson Creek— T. R. Caudill, Morti-
mer.

Yadkin Valley— W. W. Turnmire, Yad-
kin Valley.

CAMDEN COUNTY.
Towns.
South Mills— W. R. Dozier.

Townships.
Court House — W. E. Whaley, Camden.
Shiloh— J. C. Wright, Shiloh.
South Mills— J. Logan Sawyer, Lily.

CARTERET COUNTY.

Towns.

Beaufort— Dr. C. S. Maxwell.
Morehead City— B. F. Royal.
Newport — A. L. Wilson.

Townships.

Beaufort — C. S. Maxwell, Beaufort.
Hunting Quarter — W. T. Paul, Wit.
Merrimon — C. S. Nelson, Merrimon.
Morehead — B. F. Royal, Morehead City.
Newport — A. L. Wilson, Newport.
Portsmouth —

Smyrna— D. S. George, Marshallburg.
Straits— M. F. Willis, Straits.
White Oak— J. W. Saunders, Ocean.
White Oak— P. A. Koonce, Stella.

CASWELL COUNTY.

Towns.

Milton — W. E. Reagan.
Yanceyville — Dr. S. A. Malloy.

Townships.

Anderson — J. S. Roscoe, Union Ridge.

Dan River — Wilbur Watklns, Blanch.

Hightowers — Dr. R. F. Warren, Pros-
pect Hill.

Leasburg— J. A. Stephens, Leasburg.

Locust Hill— Dr. J. F. Badgett, Ruffin,
No. 1.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

229

Milton— F. P. Tucker, Milton.
Pelham — Thos. Pierce, Pelham.
Stoney Creek — Mrs. W. A. Maynard,

Altamahaw.
Yanceyville — R. L. Graves, Yancey-

ville.

CATAWBA COUNTY.

Towns.

Breckford — Robt. A. Lovelace.
Catawba — J. H. L. Coulter.
Conover — Rev. C. O. Smith.
Claremont — R. M. Carpenter.
Hickory— J. W. Shuford.
Longview— T. C. Carpenter, Hickory,

R. P. D. No. 4.
Maiden — G. L. Harbinson.
Newton — J. H. McLelland.
West Hickory — W. P. Austin.

Townships.

Bandy — R. P. Havner, Henry.
Caldwell — Samuel Jones, Newton.
Catawba— J. H. L. Coulter, Catawba.
Clines— R. M. Carpenter, Claremont.
Hickory— J. W. Shuford, Hickory.
Jacob's Fork— P. R. Yoder, Newton.
Mountain Creek— D. P. Smith, Terrell.
Newton— J. H. McLelland, Newton.

CHATHAM COUNTY.

Towns.

Goldston — O. D. Barber.
Haywood— E. E. Walden.
Moncure — J. W. Wumble.
Pittsboro — S. D. Johnson.
Siler City— J. B. Marley.
Merry Oaks— T. C. Lawrence.

Townships.

Albright— S. P. Teague, Siler City,
No. 1.

Baldwin — Dr. Ben. H. Hackney, By-
num.

Bear Creek— Dr. W. L. McManus, Bon-
lee.

Cape Fear — T. C. Lawrence, Merry
Oaks.

Center— Dr. L. E. Farthing, Pittsboro.

Gulf— Dr. R. W. Palmer, Gulf.

Hadley— W. M. Lindsay, Roscoe.

Haw River — Stephen Harmon, Mon-
cure.

Hickory Mountain —

Mathews— J. B. Marley, Siler City.

New Hope— Dr. C. G. Upchurch, Apex,
R. F. D.

Oakland— J. C. Williams, Moncure,
No. 2.

Williams— J. B. Council, Apex, R. F. D.

CHEROKEE COUNTY.
Towns.
Andrews — Dr. W. C. Morrow.
Murphy — S. W. Davidson.

Townships.

Beaver Dam — Mrs. Lillie Dockery,

Unaka.
Hothouse — J. M. Moore, Guy.
Murphj^— H. B. Elliott, Murphy, No. 1.
Notla— S. A. Hughes, Cobbs.
Shoal Creek — J. J. Rose, Suit.
Valley— W. B. Parker, Andrews.

CHOWAN COUNTY.

Towns.

North Edenton— Miss Abscilla Bunch
Edenton— C. T. Hollowell.

Townships.

Edenton— Dr. H. M. J. Cason, Eden-
ton.
Middle— Z. W. Evans, Cisco.
Upper— Dr. F. A. Ward, Ryland.
Yeopin — I. J. Morson, Edenton, No. 2.

CLAY COUNTY.
Towns.
Hayesville — D. B. Ketron.

Townships.

-W. J. R. Anderson, Ogden.
Robert Crawford, Hayes-

Brasstown
Hiwassee -

ville.
Shooting Creek— W. H. Hogshed,

Shooting Creek.
Tusquitee — J. V. A. Moore, Hayesville,

No. 1.
Hayesville— D. B. Ketron, Hayesville.

CLEVELAND COUNTY.
Towns.
Grover— Dr. Geo. Gates.
Kings Mountain — D. H. Houser.
Lattimore — R. L. Hunt.
Lawndale — Dr. W. T. Grigg.
Mooresboro — E. W. Gibbs.
Shelby— Lee B. Weathers.
Waco — A. J. Beam.

Townships.

No. 1— J. A. McCraw, Gaffney, S. C.

No. 2.
No. 2— W. C. Hamrick, Shelby, No. 2
No. 3— W. D. Earl, Earls.
No. 4— D. H. Houser, Kings Mountain
No. 5— A. J. Beam, Waco.
No. 6— Lee B. Weathers, Shelby.
No. 7 — J. B. Lattimore, Lattimore.

230

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

No. 8— S. S. Mauney, Shelby, No. 5

No. 9— Joe G. Hoyle, Fallston.

No. 10— L. Z. Hoffman, Cleveland

Mills, No. 1.
No. 11—

COLUMBUS COUNTY.
Towns.
Acme — T. V. Moore.
Boardman — R. L. Fields.
Cerro Gorda— E. A. Moffitt.
Chadbourn — J. R. Blake.
Clarendon — J. D. Frink.
Evergreen — W. C. Thomas.
Fair Bluff— J. L. Lawson.
New Berlin — Mrs. Martha M. Apple-
white.
Tabor — Hartford Fowler.
Whiteville — W. E. MacDaniel.

Townships.

Bogue — J. R. Pierce, Hallsboro.

Polton — J. D. Strauss, Bolton.

Bug Hill— C. P. Gore, Bug Hill.

Chadbourn — J. R. Blake, Chadbourn.

Fair Bluff-
Lees — B. A. Marlow, Old Dock.

Ransom — S. B. King, Armour.

South Williams— Hartford Fowler, Ta-
bor.

Tatums — E. K. Brown, Chadbourn.

Waccamaw — Miss Lou Haney, ^^'anan
ish.

Welch Creek— H. S. High, Whiteville.

Western Prong — R. V. Owens, Clark-
ton.

Whiteville— R. E. Powell, Whiteville.

Williams — J. D. Frink, Clarendon.

CRAVEN COUNTY.
Towns.
Bridgeton — W. R. Hopewell.
Cove City — 0. C. Eubanks.
Dover— W G. Rouse.
New Bern — Dr. Walter Watson.
Vanceboro — H. C. Butler.

Townships.

No. 1 — H. C. Butler, Vanceboro.

No. 2 — Noah Fulcher, New Bern, R.

F. D.
No. 3—

No. 5 — Jno. S. Morton, N. Harlowe.
No. 6 — E. A. Armstrong, Havelock.
No. 7 — J. S. McGowan, New Bern, R.

P. D.
No. 8 — Dr. Walter Wrtson, New Bern.
No. 9 — O. H. Weatherington, Tusca-

rora.

CUMBERLAND COUNTY.

Towns.
Godwin — W. M. Pope.

Hope Mills — Jno. H. Rogers.
Stedman — Dr. O. L. McFadyen.
Fayetteville — C. P. Overby.

TOWNSHIPo.

Beaverdam — E. E. Fisher, Roseboro,
No. 3.

Black River — W. M. Pope, Godwin.

Carvers Creek — J. E. Lucas, Lane.

Cedar Creek — Dr. K. G. Avritt, Cedar
Creek.

Cross Creek — C. P. Overby, Fayette-
ville.

Flea Hill— W. G. Holmes, Fayetteville,
No. 2.

Gray's Creek — R. L. Butler, Fayette-
ville, No. 8.

Pearce's Mill — A. E. McLean, Fayette-
ville, No. 7.

Rockfish — Dr. S. S. Hutchinson, Hope
Mills.

Seventy-first — Joe A. Graham, Fayette-
ville, R. No. 3.

CURRITUCK COUNTY.

Townships.

Atlantic— W. J. Fait, Otila.

Crawford — L. Walker, Currituck.

Fruitville — Dr. Maynard, K n o 1 1 s
Island.

Moyock — Dr. F. W. Ritter, Moyock.

Poplar Branch — Dr. W. T. Griggs, Pop-
lar Branch.

DARE COUNTY.

Towns.
Manteo — James A. Evans.

Townships.
Chicamacomico and Kennekeet — T. P.

Gray, Avon.
Croaton and Stumpy Point — J. V.

Mann, Mann's Harbor.
East Lake — M. D. Sawyer, East Lake.
Hatteras — B. B. Dailey, Buxton.
Nag's Head — J. A. Evans, Manteo.
Hatteras — Wm. L. Gaskill.

DAVIDSON COUNTY.
Towns.

Denton — W. W. Russell.
Lexington — A. L. Fletcher.
Thomasville — F. E. Sigman.
Yadkin College — John T. Williamson.

Townships.
Abbott's Creek — J. B. Motsinger, Wall-
burg.
Alleghany — W. M. C. Surratt, Newsom.
Arcadia — Isaac P. Fishel. Arcadia.
Boone — R. K. Williams, Linwood, No. 1.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

231

Conrad Hill— A. S. Miller, Thomasville.
No. 3.

Cotton Grove — D. M. Feezor, Linwood,
No. 2.

Emmons —

Hampton — C. Spencer Davis, Clem-
mons.

Healing Springs — C. G. Doby, High
Rock.

Jackson Hill — Jno. M. Glover, Jackson
Hill.

Lexington — G. E. Leonard, Lexington,
No. 1.

Midway — J. M. Nifong, Wallburg, No. 1.

Reedy Creek^ — J. S. Hege, Clemmons,
No. 2.

Silver Hill— A. S. Miller, Thomasville,
N . 4.

Thomasville — S. E. Sigmon, Thomas-
ville.

Tyro — H. C. Fritts, Lexington. No. 3.

Yadkin College— J. T. Williamson, Yad-
kin College.

DAVIE COUNTY.
Towns.
Mocksville — W. C. P. Etchison.

Townships.

Calahaln — A. A. Anderson, Calahaln.

Clarksville— Dr. J. M. Cain, Calahaln,
No. 1.

Farmington — R. D. Griffin, Farming-
ton.

Fulton —

Jerusalem — J. M. Blount, Cooleemee.

Mocksville — W. C. P. Etchison, Mocks-
ville.

Shady Grove— Dr. T. T. Watkins, Ad-
vance.

DUPLIN COUNTY.
Towns.

Magnolia — George Edwards.
Kenansville — Dr. J. W. Farrior.
Rose Hill— Dr. R. L. Carr.
Faison — Dr. B. F. Butler.
Wallace— J. D. Southerland.
Teacheys — W. B. Rivenbark.
Warsaw — J. B. Cox.

Townships.

Albertson — Jones R. Smith, Kenans-
ville.

Cypress Creek — Dr. J. F. Landin, Chin-
quepin.

Faison— Allen Bowden, Calypso.

Glisson — Stacey R. Chestnut, Aloin.

Island Creek — L. N. Savage, Wallace.

Kenansville — D. N. Brock, Kenans-
ville.

Lime Stone — Dr. G. W. Kennedy, Bula-

ville.
Magnolia — Geo. Edwards, Magnolia.
Rockfish — N. E. Johnson, Wallace
Rose Hill— Dr. R. L. Carr, Rose Hill.
Smith — LaFayette Smith, Kenansville.
Wolfscrapp— A. H. Whitfield, Mt. Olive.
Warsaw — Dr. J. M. Williams, Warsaw.

DURHAM COUNTY.

TOW^NS.

Durham — Mrs. Ethel G. Cheatham.

Townships.
Carr — D. H. Stallings, Gorman, No. 1.
Cedar Creek — A. J. Burgess, Morris-

ville. No. 2.
Durham — R. T. Howerton, Durham.
Lebanon — H. J. Pope, Durham.
Mangum — A. R. Copley, Bahama.
Oak Grove— W. E. Ferrell, Durham,

No. 6.
Patterson — -Josiah Atkins, Durham,

No. 1.

EDGECOMBE COUNTY.
Towns.
Pinetops — R. R. Langley.
Princeville — J. W. Leathers.
Rocky Mount — C. H. Harris.
Tarboro — J. H. Jacocks, No. 1.
Conetoe — W. J. Mayo.
Whitakers— B. A. Strickland.

Townships.
-J. H. Jacocks, Tarboro.
-Julian B. Warren, Conetoe.
-Louis Knight, Tarboro.
-R. C. Laurence, Speed, R. F.

-W. J. Wholess, Whitakers.

-W. G. Harrell, Tarboro, R. F.

-J. Walter Edwards, Maccles-

-R. R. Langley, Rocky Mount,
D.

-W. T. Gorham, Tarboro, No. 3.
-E. Y. Pleasants, Rocky Mt.
-J. D. Lancaster, Pinetops.
-O. B. Proctor, Elm City, R.

FORSYTH COUNTY.
Towxs.
Kernersville — J. M, Greenfield.
Winston-Salem — Dr. V. M. Long.

Townships.
Vienna— C. F. Mickle, Pfafftown, No. 1.
South Fork — A. E. Hire, Winston-Sa-
lem.

No.

3.-

No.

field.

No.

10-

. F,

No.

11-

No.

12-

No.

13-

No.

14-

232

THE HEAJLTH BULLETIN.

Oldtown — Joe Pratt, Winston-Salem.

Old Riclimond — A. B. Hendricks, To-
baccoville.

Middle Fork — C. W. Jones, Walkerton.

Lewisville — Jas. Wagoner, Lewisville.

Clemmonsville — Frank Cook, Clem-
mons.

Belew Creek — R. S. Linville, Kerners-
ville, R. No. 3.

Salem Creek — R. S. Linville, Kerners-
ville, R. F. D. No. 3.

Broad Bay — T. A. Sparrow, Winston-
Salem.

Abbott's Creek — J. H. McKaughan,
Kernersville.

Kernersville — J. M. Greenfield, Ker-
nersville.

Bethania — R. O. Butner, Bethania.

Winston — Dr. V. M. Long, Winston-
Salem.

Salem Chapel — Joe F. Grubbs, Rural
Hall, R. F. D. No. 1.

FRANKLIN COUNTY.
Towns.
Bunn — Dr. B. C. Johnson.
Franklinton — J. W. Daniel.
Louisburg — S. P. Boddie.
Yuungsville — George N. Stall.

Townships.

Cedar Rock — S. H. Boone, Louisburg.

Cypress — B. T. Sykes, Spring Hope,
No. 2.

Dunn — Dr. B. C. Johnson, Bunn.

Franklinton — B. F. Cooke, Franklin-
ton.

Gold Mine — John H. Wood, Centerville.

Harris —

Hayesville — A. A. Medlin, Manson, No.
3.

Louisburg — S. P. Boddie, Louisburg.

Sandy Creek —

Youngsville— George N. Stell, Youngs-
ville.

GASTON COUNTY.

Towns.
Belmont — W. W. Davis.
Bessemer City — R. L. Martin.
'~'herryvilleT— Wm. J. Allran.
Dallas— G. V. Lohr.
Gastonia — W. Meek Adams.
Lowell— Dr. J. W. Reid.
McAdenville — J. H. Wagstaff.
Mt. Holly— W. T. Johnson.
Stanley— Dr. C. H. Pugh.
E. Kings Mountain — Dr. J. E. Anthony.

TOWNSHH'S.

Cherryville — Wm. J. Allran, Cherry-

ville.
Crowder's Mountain — J. E. Anthony,

Kings Mountain.
Gastonia — W. M. Adams, Gastonia.

River Bend— W. T. Johnson, Mt. Holly.

Dallas— G. V. Lohr, Dallas.

South Point — W. H. Stowe, Belmont.

GATES COUNTY.
Towns.
Gatesville — Q. H. Trotman.

Townships.
Gatesville — Q. H. Trotman, Gatesville.
Hall— J. R. Brown, Eure.
Haslett — J. Frank Lawrence, Drum

Hill.
Holly Grove — W. T. Benton, Corapeake,

No. 1.
Hunter's Mill— Edward Eason, Trot-

ville.
Mintonsville — W. A. Ellis, Gatesville,

No. 1.
Reynoldson —

GRAHAM COUNTY.
Towns.
Robbinsville — A. H. Eller.

TOWNSHH'S.

Chevah — A. H. Eller, Robbinsville.
Stekoah —

Yellow Creek — John H. Ditmore, Yel-
low Creek.

GRANVILLE COUNTY.
Towns.
Creedmoor — I. E. Harris.
Oxford— 0. D. Wilson.
Stem — J. M. Bullock.
Stovall — Mrs. B. T. Gregory.

Townships.
Brassfield — William S. Babbitt, Hester,

R. F. D.
Dutchville — I. E. Harris, Creedmoor.
Fishing Creek — C. R. Gordon, Oxford,

No. 2.
Oak Hill— J. N. Watkins, Virgilina,

Va.
Salem — A. S. Green, Oxford, No. 5.
Sassafras Fork — Mrs. Bettie Thorpe

Gregory, Stovall.
Walnut Grove — Luther Russell, Berea.
Tally Ho— W. S. Gooch, Stem.
Oxford — O. D. Wilson, Oxford.

GREENE COUNTY.
Towns.
Hookerton — J. E. Albritton.
Snow Hill — John R. Dail.
Walstonburg — J. B. Eason.

Townships.
Hookerton — A. H. Johnson, Hookerton.
Olds — Frank L. Rouse, Snow Hill, R.

F. D.
Bull Head —
Carrs^
Jason —

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

233

Ormond — H. C. Ormond, Snow Hill, R.

P. D.
Shine — Jesse L. Mewborne, Snow Hill,

R. F. D.
Snow Hill — Chas. H. Harper, Snow

Hill.
Speight's Bridge— Archie D a r d e n,

Stantonsburg, R. F. D.

GUILFORD COUNTY.
Towns.

Gibsonville — "W. J. Jennings.

Greensboro — R. M. Rees.

High Point— Dr. D. A. Stanton.

Stokesdale — Mrs. Dora Morgan.
Townships.

Brucs — J. F. Medearis, Summerfield.

Center Grove — L. A. Walker, Summer-
field, R. P. D.

Clay — Lewis Jones, Greensboro, No. 6.

De.p River — J. W. Ingram, Kerners-
ville. No. 2.

Fentress — K. H. Mclntyre, Pleasant
Garden.

Friendship — Dr. A. T. Millis, Guilford
College.

Gilmer — J. M. Hendrix, Greensboro.

Greene — Walter G. Causey, Liberty,
No. 2.

High Point — W. G. Brown, High Point.

Jamestown — J. M. Davis, Jamestown.

Jefferson — Jacob D. Clapp, Sedalia.

Madison — A. J. Lambeth, Brown Sum-
mit, R. F. D.

Monroe — M. D. Coffey, Brown Summit,
No. 2.

Morehead — V. R. Ttickley, Greensboro,
No. 3.

Oak Ridge — W. M. Brookbank, Stokes-
dale.

Rock Creek — W. J. Jennings, Gibson-
ville.

Summer — R. C. Short, Greensboro.

Washington — Alfred Apple, Jr., Sum-
mit, R. F. D.

HALIFAX COUNTY.
Towns.

Enfield — J. R. Powers.

Halifax— Dr. O. H. McKnight.

Hobgood — A. L. Burnett.

Littleton — S. J. Stallings, on line be-
tween Halifax and Warren counties.

Roanoke Rapids — R. W. Brown.

Scotland Neck — Chas. L. Staton.

Ringwood — Dr. B. M. Nicholson.

Tillery — Dr. F. M. Register.

Weldon— H. G. Rowe.

Palmyra — T. C. Allsbrook.
Townships.

Brinkleyville — W. H. Hayes, Essex.

Butterwood — A. E. Carter, Littleton,
R. F. D.

Conocanary — Dr. F. M. Register, Til-
lery.

Enfield— J. R. Powers, Enfield.

Faucette — E. W. Liles, Aurelian
Springs.

Halifax — W. F. Coppedge, Halifax.

Littleton — H. P. Robinson, Littleton.

Palmyra — W. G. Hedgepeth, Palmyra.

Roanoke Rapicis — R. W. Brown, Roa-
noke Rapids.

Roseneath — R. L. Bradley, Scotland
Neck, No. 2.

Scotland Neck — C. L. Staton, Scotland
Neck.

Weldon — H. G. Rowe, Weldon.

HARNETT COUNTY.

Towns.
Angier — J.B. Dupree.
Buies Creek — N. A. Stewart.
Coats— Dr. H. C. Roberts.
Dunn — Dr. Chas. Highsmith.
Lillington — L. J. Arnold.

Townships.

Anderson Creek — E. S. Smith, Lilling-
ton, No. 2.

Averysboro — Dr. Chas. Highsmith,
Dunn.

Barbecue — ^Dr. J. H. Withers, Broad-
way, No. 1.

Black River — W. H. Gregory, Angier.

Buckhorn — Joseph Cade, Kipling.

Duke— Dr. W. P. Holt, Duke.

Grove — Dr. H. C. Roberts, Coats.

Hector's Creek — O. Bradley, Kipling.

Johnsonville — H. A. Morrison, Cam-
eron, R. F. D.

Dr. L. J. Arnold, Lillington.

Neill's Creek- Dr. J. T. McKay, Buies
Creek.

Stewart's Creek— Dr. W. C. Melvin,
Linden.

Upper Little River — T. A. Harrington^

Broadway, R. F. D.

HAYWOOD COUNTY.
Towns.
Canton — H. W. Spray.
Clyde— Dr. S. B. Medford.
Waynesville — J. H. Howell.
Hazelwood — Harry Fisher.

Townships.
Beaverdam — H. W. Spray, Canton.
Cattaloochee — Jarvis Palmer, Jr., Cat-

taloochee.
Cecil — J. F. Justice, Sunburst.
Clyde— Dr. S. B. Medford, Clyde.
Crabtree — C. E. Williams, Crabtree.
East Fork — W. W. Pless, Cruso.
Fines Creek — Dr. W. A. Graham,

Crabtree, No. 1.

THE KKAl/fH BVLl.y.r

Ivy Hiil — H. P. Campbell, Dellwood.

Iron Duff— J. S. Davis, Waynesville,
No. 2.

Jonathan's Creek— H. W. Howell,
Waynesville, No. 2.

Pigeon — J. E. Wilson, Canton, No 2.

Waynesville— J. H. Howell, Waynes-
ville, No. 2.

White Oak— Marshall Messer, Teague

HENDERSON COUNTY.
Towns.
Hendersonville— B. F. Hood.

Townships.

Blue Ridge— G. W. Morrison, Hender-
sonville, R. F. D.

Clear Creek— Dr. W. G. Hutchinson,
Fruitland.

Crab Creek— R. S. Stenell, Henderson-
ville, R. F. D.

Edneyville — L. R. Rhodes, Henderson-
ville.

Edneyville— W. F. Pryor, Bear Wal-
low.

Green River — P. J. Hart, Zirconia, R.
F. D.

Hendersonville — B. F. Hood, Hender-
sonville.

Hooper's Creek— J. B. Russell, Fletch-
er.

Mills River — Fred Whitaker Horse
Shoe, R. F. D.

HERTFORD COUNTY.
Towns
Murireesboro — J. L Wall.
Winton — J. E. Jones.
Ahoskie —

Harrellsville— E. B. Holleman.
Union — T. N. Charles, Aheskie.

Townships.

Ahoskie — Mrs. A. W. Greene, Ahoskie.

Harrellsville— Dr. J. A. Powell, Har-
rellsville.

Maunys Neck — J. C. Picot, Como.

Murfreesboro — J. J. Parker, Murfrees-
boro.

Winton — J. E. Jones, Winton.

St. Johns— J. M. Eley, Woodland.

HOKE COUNTY.
Towns
Dundarrach — Alex McMillan.
Raeford — W. E. Freeman.

Townships.
Allendale — Allen Jordan, Red Springs.

Antioch — Fred Brov.n, Antioch, No. 1.

Blue Springs — J. H. Wilkes, Raeford,
R. F. D., No. 1.

Little River — M. P. Blue, Lobelia.

McLaughlin— N. C. Blue, Rockfish

Raeford — H. W. B. Whitley, Raeford,
No. 3.

Stonewall — Alex. McMillan, Dundar-
rach.

Quewhiffle— J. E. Covington, Timber-
land, R. No. 1.

HYDE COUNTY.
Towns.
Swan Quarter — Wm. Watson.

Townships.
Currituck — Gratz Credle, Scranton.
Fairfield— L. L. Swindell, Fairfield.
Lake Landing— W. D. Mann, Lake

Landing.
Ocracoke — M. L. Piland, Ocracoke.
Swan Quarter — William Watson, Swan

Quarter.

IREDELL COUNTY.
Tow .vs.

Statesville — Miss Anne S. Marvin.
Mooresville — J. H. Deaton.

Townships.

Barringer — Sherwood Houston. Trout-
mans, R. F. D.

Bethany— Sarah Howard, Dunlap.

Chambersburg— G. W. McNeely, State.s-
ville, No. 1.

Coddle Creek— James H. Deato.i.
Mooresville.

Concord— J. Hall Scroggs, Stoney
Point, R. F. D.

Cool Spring— F. R. Sills, Elmwood, R
P. D.

Davidson — Fulton Fi.sher, Mooresvill-e,
No. 2.

Fallston— J. P. Collins, Statesville.
No. 3.

Eagle Mills— J. R. Joyner, Houston-
ville, No. 1.

New Hope — Byrd M. Redman, Jen-
nings, No. 2.

Olin — C. A. Vanstory, Olin,

Shapesburg— C. E. Jones, Statesville.
No. 5.

Shiloh — E. A. Morrison, Stoney Point.
No. 1.

Statesville — Miss Annie Marvin States-
ville.

Turnersburg — Jesse Thomas, Turners-
burg.

Union Grove— W. P. Sharpe, Jr., Har-
mony, No. 2.

THi: HEALTH HUI.LETIX,

2;i5

JACKSON COUNTY.
Towxs.
Webster — J. L. Brayles, Webster.
Sylva —
Dillsbcro— J. C. Fisher.

Townships.

Webster — J. L. Brayles, Webster.

Sylva — Dr. D. D. Hooper, Sylva.

Scott Creek— R. G. Snider, Willetts.

Quallatown— R. L. Hyatt, Whittier.

Mountain — M. L. Coggins, Erastus.

Hamburg — John Henderson, Glenville.

Green's Creek — G. M. Green, Green's
Creek.

River — P. H. Price, Tucltaseigee.

Dillsboro— T. B. Queen Dillsbcro.

Callowhee — Dr. Ed. Bryson, Cullo-
whee.

Cashier Valley — C. G. Rogers, Cashiers.

Caney Fork — W. A. Brown, Cowarts.

Canada — Elias Galloway, Wolf Moun-
tain.

Barker — W. W. Jones, Jr., Barker's
Creek.

Savannah — R. D. Cowan, Gay.

JOHNSTON COUNTY.

Towns.
Benson — Dr. G. E. Parker.
Clayton — John I. Barnes.
Four Oaks — J. Wm. Langdon.
Kcnly — H. M. Grizzard.
Micro — Dr. M. Hinnant.
Pine Level — S. S. Montague.
Princeton — Dr. Oscar Eason.
Smithfield — J. D. Underwood.
Selma— C. G. Wiggs.

TowNSHirs.

Banner — Dr. G. E. Parker, Benson.

Bentonsville — Y/illis A. Powell, Beas-
ley, No. 2.

Beulah— Dr. J. C. Grady, Kenly.

Boon Hill — Dr. Oscar Eason, Prince-
ton.

Clayton- — John I. Barnes, Clayton.

Cleveland — Dr. G. E. McLemore, Clay-
ton, R. F. D.

Elevation — J. Shepp Johnson, Benson.

Ingrams — Dr. J. H. Stanley, Four Oak :.

Micro — Dr. Milford Hinnant, Micro.

Oneals— W. G. Earps, Selma, No. 2.

Pine Level — Dr. S. S. Montague, Pine
Level.

Pleasant Grove — E. S. Coats, Angier,
R. F. D.

Smithfield— Dr. A. H. Rose, SmithfieM.

Wilders — J. Barnes, Clayton R. F. D.

Wilson's Mills — C. M. Wilson, Wilson's
Mills.

Selma —

Meadow — Dr. M. L. Barefoot, Dunn, R.
F. D.

JONES COUNTY.

Towxs.
Maysville — John Shaw.
Trenton— P. B. McDaniel.

TOWXSHIP.S.

Beaver Creek —

Chinqiiepin —

Cypress Creek — •

Trenton — D. H. Herritage, Trenton.

Tuckahoe —

White Oak—

Pollocksville —

LEE COUNTY.
Towns.
Sanford— W. A. Campbell.
Broadway — Dr. Leon Watson.

Townships.

W. Sanford— W. A. Campbell, Sanford

Pocket — Lonnie Dickens, Sanford.

Jonesboro — C. A. Hamilton, Jonesboro.

Greenwood — W. F. Edwards, Lemon
Springs.

E. Sanford— W. A. Campbell, Sanford

Deep River — G. F. Johnson, Sr., Mon-
cure, No. 1.

Deep River — J. A. Kelly, Osgood.

Cape Fear — Dr. Leon Watson Broad-
way.

LENOIR COUNTY.

Towns.
Kinston — Trent Haskins.
LaGrange — John H. Rouse, LaGrange
Pink Hill — Thurman Davis.

TOWNSHU'S.

Contentnea Neck — Kinston, J

Fields, No. 1.
Falling Creek —

Institute — Logan Hardy, LaGrange.
Kinston — J. T. Haskins, Kinston.
Mosely Hall —

Neuse — J. H. Albritton, Kinston, No. 4
Pink Hill— A. G. Howard, Pink Hill.
Sand Hill—
Southv,-est — •
Trent — Lake Smith, Seven Snrings, R

F. D.
Vance —
Woodington — C 1 a r e n c e Humphrey

Kinston, No. 7.

LINCOLN COUNTY. .
Towns.
Crouse — S. S. Sr>argo.
Denver — P. A. Thompson.
Lincolnton — D. A. Yoder.

236

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

Townships.
Lincolnton— S. W. McKee, Lincolnton.
Catawba Springs — W. H. Lowe, Alexis
Howard's Creek— J. F. Heafner,

Grouse.
Ironton — S. L. Bolinger, Lincolnton,

No. 3.
North Brook— Wm. Hull, Cherryville,

No. 3.

Mcdowell county. *

Towns.

Marion — Thos. McGuire.

Nebo — "W. J. Bowman.

Old Fort— F. M. Bradley.

Nealsville — A. R. Byrd.
Townships.

Brockett— Jno. E. Flack, Vein Moun-
tain.

Crooked Creek— C. B. Noblet, Old Fort,
No. 2.

Dysortsville— C. A. Jaquins, Dysorts-
ville.

Higgins— C. B. Morgan, Rocky Pass.

Marion — Thos. McGuire, Marion.

Marion — Ben Conley, Hankins.

Marion— G. B. Woody, Old Fort, No. 1.

Marion — J. P. Padgett, Sunnyvale.

Marion — Ben F. Corpening, Marion,
No. 2.

Marion— Geo. F. Conley, Marion.

Nebo —

Old Fort— L. W. Williams, Old Fort.

Montford Cove —

North Cove — C. A. McCall, North Cove.

Broad River— Dan Davis, Red Top.

Glenwood — Augustus Byrd, Nealsville.

MACON COUNTY.
Towns.
Franklin — Frank L. Bryson.
Highland — H. L. Rideout.

Townships.

Burnington— Chas. T. Ray, Franklin,
R. F. D. 3.

Cartoogechave — L. F. Setser, Franklin,
No. 1.

Cowell — T. C. Bryson, Franklin.

Ellijay — J. P. Moore, Ellijay.

Flat — E. P. Brown, Scaly.

Franklin — Frank L. Bryson, Franklin.

Highlands— G. P. Wright, Highlands.

Millshoal— T. L. Fox, Ellijay.

Nantahala — D. D. Moore, Aquone, N. C.

Smith's Bridge — T. H. Brabson, Frank-
lin, No. 2.

Sugar Fork — John H. Fulton, Gneiss.

MADISON COUNTY.
Towns.
Hot Springs— T. B. Ebbs.
Marshall— N. B. Tweed.
Mars Hill— A. H. Reese.
Walnut— B. E. Guthrie.

Townships.

Big Laurel — James Leak, Revere, No.
10.

Big Pine Creek — Miss Attie Reese, Big
Pine.

Bull Creek — R. A. Edwards, Marshall,
No. 3.

Foster Creek— C. C. Peek, Flag Pond,
Tenn., No. 16.

Grape Vine — R. J. Sams, Marshall, Na
2.

Hot Springs— T. B. Ebbs, Hot Springs,
No. 9.

Little Pine Creek — James Wilson, Mar-
shall.

Marshall — N. B. Tweed, Marshal, No. 1.

Mars Hill — A. H. Reece, Mars Hill.

Meadow Fork — T. F. Stamey, Joe, No.
13.

Middle Fork — H. J. Jervice, Buckner.

Sandy Mush —

Shelton Laurel— B. T. Hensley, Car-
men.

Spring Creek — Jasper Ebbs, Spring
Creek, No. 8.

Upper Laurel — R. W. Rice, Pump, No.
11.

West Fork— T. L. Brown, California
Creek on Mars Hill, No. 5.

MARTIN COUNTY.
Towns.
Everetts — J. W. Williams.
Gold Point— Dr. J. E. Ward, Rober-

sonville.
Hamilton — Mrs. Delia S. Long.
Jamesville — J. B. Allen.
Oak City— N. M. Worsley.
Parmele —

Robersonville — Dr. R. J. Nelson.
Williamston — Dr. W. E. Warren.

Townships.

Bear Grass — McD. Mobley, William-
ston, No. 1.

Crossroads— Staton Ayers, S. Everetts.

Goose-Nest— B. M. Worsley, Oak City.

Griffins — J. A. Daniel, Jamesville, No. 1.

Hamilton — Mrs. B. L. Long, Hamilton.

Jamesville — Alexander Carey, James-
ville.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

237

Poplar Point— M. P. Taylor, William-
ston. No. 3.

Robersonville — Dr. J. E. Ward, Rober-
sonville.

"Williams — J. W. Hopkins, Williamston,
No. 4.

Williamston— Dr. W. E. Warren, Wil-
liamston.

MECKLENBURG COUNTY.
Towns.
Charlotte— Dr. F. 0. Hawley.
Cornelius — J. B. Cashion.
Davidson — Dr. Z. K. Justice.
Huntersville — J. M. Knox.
Matthews— Dr. T. N. Reid
Mint Hill— Dr. Ayer Whitley, Char-
lotte, R. F. D. 11.
Pineville— Dr. E. Hand.

Townships.

Berryhill — Dr. R. Z. Query, Charlotte,
R. F. D., No. 4.

Charlotte— F. O. Hawley, Charlotte.

Clear Creek — Dr. Ayer Whitley, Char-
lotte, No. 11.

Crab Orchard — Dr. R. G. Jennings.
Newell.

Deweese — Dr. Z. K. Justice, Davidson.

Huntersville — J. M. Knox, Hunters-
ville.

Lemleys — J. B. Cashion, Cornelius.

Long Creek — Dr. W. P. Craven, Char-
lotte, No. 6.

Mallard Creek — W. R. Jordan, Derita.

Morning Star— Dr. T. N. Reid, Mat-
thews.

Paw Creek — Dr. L. W. Hovis, Char-
lotte, R. F. D., No. 6.

Pineville — Dr. E. H. Hand, Pineville.

Providence — T. A. Squires, Matthews,
No. 17.

Sharon— Dr. L. W. Hunter, Charlotte.
No. 1.

Steel Creek— Dr. J. L. Ranson, Pinp-
ville, R. F. D.

MITCHELL COUNTY.
Towns.
Bakersville— W. J. Slagle.
Spruce Pine — Esther Mehoney.

Townships.

Bradshaw— I. W. Bradshaw, Relief

Bakersville — L. Woody, Hawk.

Bakersville— W. J. Slagle, Bakersville.

Fork Mountain— Wm. Edwards, Little
Rock Creek.

Grassy Creek— T. A. English, Sprue-
Pine

Harrell— W. G. Honeycutt, Ewart.

Little Rock— Will Biddix, Little Rock

Creek.
Poplar — Dr. S. J. Cooper, Poplar.
Red Hill — J. B. Masters, Peppers.
Snov.^ Creek- C. C. Willis, Penland.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY.

Towns.
Troy— Dr. C. Daligny.
Star — P. L. Harper.
Candor — J. C. Currie.
Biscoe — Dr. H. E. Bowman. *

Mt. Gilead — Geo. McAulay.

Townships.

Uwharrie — W. L. Thayer, Uwharrie.

Troy— J. C. Beckwith, Troy.

Rocky Spring— T. B. Rush, Sulphur

Springs.
Pee Dee — W. M. Matheson, Mt. Gilead,

No. 2.
Ophir — B. A. Davis, Ophir.
Mt. Gilead— George T. McAuley, Mt.

Gilead.
Little River — R. D. Kearns, Ether.
Eldorado — J. F. Bruton, Eldorado.
Biscoe — R. L. Davis, Star.
Cheeks Creek — W. H. Ussery, Pekin.

MOORE COUNTY.

Towns.

Aberdeen — E. A. Bowen.
Cameron — W. M. Wooten.
Carthage — J. V. Larkin.
Pinebluff— Henry S. Spaulding.
Southern Pines — W. C. Mudgett.
Vass— W. C. Leslie.

Townships.

Bensalem — D. C. M. Kinnan, Eagle
Springs, R. F. D.

Carthage— J. V. Larkin, Carthage.

Deep River— L. B. Street, Glendon.

Greenwood — W. M. Wooten, Cameron.

McNiell's— W. C. Leslie, Vass.

Mineral Springs — F. W. VonCanon,
West End.

Ritters — C. H. Caviness, High Falls.

Sand Hill— Henry S. Spaulding, Pine-
bluff.

Sheffields — N. J. Carter, Hemp.

NASH COUNTY.

Towns.

Bailey— Dr. C. H. Brantlev.
Battleboro— Dr. G. C. Battle.
Castalia — T. A. Mathews.
Middlesex — Dr. E. C. Powell.
Nashville — Dr. Jno. A. Winstead

238

THE HEALTH BULLETIX.

Rocky Mount Mills— Jno. E. Moore,

Rocky Mount, Falls Road.
Sharpsburg— G. H. Pittman.
Spring Hope— R. C. Wills.

Townships.
Bailey— Dr. C. H. Brantley, Bailey.
Castalia — Dr. T. A. Matthews, Castalia.
Cooper's— J. Henry Vaughan, Elm

City, No. 2.
Dry Wells— Dr. E. C. Powell, Middle-

sgx
Farrell's — W. B. Bergeson, Middlesex.
Griffin's- Dr. H. H. Whitaker, Nash-
ville, No. 3.
Jackson — Sylvester Brantley, Spring

Hope, No. 1.
Manning— R. C. Wells, Spring Hope.
Nashville — G. L. Jones, Nashville.
North Whitakers— Dr. J. C. Braswell,

Whitakers.
South Whitakers— W. P. Davis, Battle-

boro.
Oak Level — T. A. Bone, Nashville, No.

1.
Red Oak — C. D. Jones, Nashville, No. 3.
Stoney Creek— S. J. F. Ellen, Battle-

boro, R. P. D.
Rocky Mount— E. Y. Pleasant, Rocky

Mount.

NEW HANOVER COUNTY.
Towns.
Wilmington— Chas. T. Nesbitt.
Wrightsville Beach— C. B. Parmele,
Wilmington.

Townships.

Cape Fear — J. Herbert Johnson, Wil-
mington, No. 1.

Federal Point —

Harnett— C. C. Redd, Wilmington, No.
2.

Masonboro — Addison Hewlett, Wil-
mington, No. 2.

Wilmington— Dr. Charles T. Nesbitt,
Wilmington.

NORTHAMPTON COUNTY.
Towns.
Garysburg— R. A. Ellis.
Pendleton— J. E. Taylor.
Rich Square— R. B. Lassiter.
Pendleton— J. E. Taylor.
Jackson — George A. Moore.
Lasker— Dr. G. T. Whims.
Woodland — H. J. Purvis.

TowNSHn>s.
Gaston —

Jackson — Geo. A. Moore, Jackson.
Kirby — Dr. P. C. Brittle, Conway.

Oconeechee — Robt. A. Ellis, Garysburg.
Pleasant Hill— T. J. Taylor, Pleasant

Hill.
Rich Square— R. B. Lassiter, Rich

Square.
Roanoke — Dr. G. T. Whimms, Lasker.
Seaboard— H. C. Maddry, Seaboard.
Wiccanee — J. S. Gay, Margaretsville.

ONSLOW COUNTY.

Towns.

Jacksonville— J. J. Cole.
Richlands — A. Z. Jarmon.
Swansboro — F. B. Pittman.

Townships.
Jacksonville— E. H. Shiver, Jackson-
ville.
Richlands — A. Z. Jarmon, Richlands.
Stump Sound— Dr. L. D. Bryan,
Sneed's Ferry.

Swansboro — Dr. Daniels, Swansboro.
White Oak — Dr. Daniels, Swansboro.

ORANGE COUNTY.
Towns.

Chapel Hill— W. J. A. Cheek.
Hillsboro — John Sharpe.
Carrboro — Robt. Blackwood.

Townships.
Bingham— R. L. Smith, Chapel Hill,

No. 3.
Cedar Grove— Mrs. C. M. Hughes.
Chapel Hill— S. S. Long, Chapel Hill.
Checks— John F. McAdams, Mebane,

No. 2.
Eno— John A. McCaulay, University

Station.
Little River— C. E. Wilson, Hillsboro.
Hillsboro— J. F. Coleman.

PAMLICO COUNTY.
Towns.
Bayboro —

Oriental— Dr. Wm. F. Griggs.
Stonewall — Riley Ross.
Vandemere —

Townships.
No. 1 — H. H. Barrow, Reelsboro.
No. 2— Miss Ruth Miller, Bayboro.
No. 3— Miss Ruth Miller, Bayboro.
No. 4 — Geo. W. Daniels, Lowland.
No. 5— Dr. Wm. F. Griggs, Oriental.

PASQUOTANK COUNTY.
Towns.
Elizabeth City— Dr. C. B. Williams.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

239

Townships.
Elizabeth City — Dr. Zenas Fearing,

Elizabeth City, No. 1.
Nixonton — Sam S. Knowles, Elizabeth

City, No. 1.
Providence — R. N. Morgan, Elizabeth

City, No. 3.
Salem — C. W. Wilson, Weeksville.
Mt. Hermon — Eddie Sample, Okisko.

PENDER COUNTY.
Towns.
Atkinson — E. A. Hover, Jr.

Townships.
Burgaw — A. H. Paddison, Burgaw.
Caintuck — W. C. Keith, Currie.
Caswell — Geo. J. Moore, Atkinson.
Columbia — C. D. Murphy, Atkinson.
Grady — J. F. Herring, Currie.
Holly — Luke McKay, Shaken.
Long Creek— J. E. Taylor, Rocky Point.
Rocky Point — J. B. Armstrong, Rocky

Point.
Topsail — Geo. Mallard, Hampstead.
Union— W. D. Malfars, Watha.

PERQUIMANS COUNTY.
Towns.
Hertford— W. C. Winslow.
Winfall— Dr. B. W. Hathaway.

Townships.

Belvidere — E. G. Simpson, Belvidere.

Hertford— W. C. Winslow, Hertford.

New Hope — J. Mason White, Durant's
Neck.

Parkville— Dr. B. W. Hathaway, Wia-
fall, No. 1.

Bethel— Mrs. M. C. Broughton, Hert-
ford, R. F. D., 1.

PERSON COUNTY.
Towns.
Ro.xboro — Rupert E. Cheek.

Townships.
Allenville— W. T. White, Mill Creek.
Bushy Fork— A. P. Daniel, Hurdle

Mills.
Cunningham— Geo. L. Cunningham,

Semora.
Flat River— J. S. Noell, Timberlake.
Holloway — W. A. Moody, Bethel Hill.
Mount Tirzah— Lee Cash, Rougemont.
Olive Hill- W. A. Winstead, Roxboro.
Roxboro— R. E. Cheek, Roxboro.
Wocdsdale— R. H. Bailey.

PITT COUNTY.
Towns.
Bethel — Mrs. L. J. Carson.
Falkland —

Tarmville — W. A. Darden.
Fountain — J. T. Eason.
Greenville —
Griffon — J. A. Jarrell.
Grimesland — A. O. Clark.
Winterville — Rudolph Croom.
Ayden — Guy Tayloe.
Stokes— Dr. T. G. Basnight.
Shelmerdine — Roy Venters.

Townships.

Belvoir — C. A. Parker, Greenville, R.
P. D.

Bethel— Mrs. S. J. Carson, Bethel.

Carolina — T. G. Basnight, Stokes.

Chicod — A. 0. Clark, Grimesland.

Contentnea — Dr. P. B. Loftin, Grifton.

Falkland— J. H. Smith, Falkland.

Contentnea — Rudolph Croom, Winter-
ville.

Farmville — W. A. Darden, Farmville.

Greenville —

Pactolus — J. P. Davenport, Pactolus.

Swift Creek — Paul Kilpatrick, Grifton,
R. F. D.

Beaver Dam — R. A. Nichols, Green-
ville, R. F. D. No. 6.

POLK COUNTY.

Towns.
Columbus — L. H. Cloud.
Lynn — R. A. Leonard.
Saluda— Calvin Hill.
Tryon— E. B. Cawthray.

Townships.
Columbus — L. H. Cloud, Columbus.
Cooper Gap— J. C. Powell, Mills

Springs, No. 1.
Green's Creek— Dr. W. T. Head, Melvin

Hill.
Saluda— Dr. E. M. Salley, Saluda.
White Oak— Dr. H. H. Edwards, Mills

Spring.
Tryon — E. B. Cawthray, Tryon.

RANDOLPH COUNTY.

Towns.
Archdale— W. M. Wilson.
Asheboro — P. H. Morris.
Liberty— Dr. R. D. Patterson.
Ramseur — Chas. A. Reece.
Raidleman — J. A. Ivey.
Trinity — Dr. W. L. Jackson.
Worthville — Clarence Groce.

240

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

Townships.

Asheboro— P. H. Morris, Asheboro.

Back Creek— Jno. F. Jarrell, Caraway.

Brown — L. 0. Sugg, Erect.

Coleridge— Dr. C. A. Hayworth, Cole-
ridge.

Cedar Grove— C. T. Luck, Seagrove, R.
P. D.

Columbia — Chas. A. Reece, Ramseur.

Concord— Dr. C. C. Hubbard, Parmer.

Pranklinville— C. H. Julian, Franklin-
ville.

Grant— S. S. Cox, Brown.

Level Cross— R. L. Causey, Randleman.

Liberty— Dr. R. D. Patterson, Liberty.

New Hope — T. W. Ingram, Bombay.

New Market— R. L. White, Glenola.

Pleasant Grove — M. A. Ward, Cheeks.

Providence — G. W. Pugh, Millboro, R.
P. D.

Randleman — J. A. Ivey, Randleman.

Richland — J. C. Lowdermilk, Seagrove.

Tabernacle — Dr. R. W. Myers, Pullers.

Trinity — Dr. W. L. Jackson, Trinity.

Union — C. H. Lucas, Pisgah.

RICHMOND COUNTY.
Towns.
Ellerbee — Dr. J. M. Maness.
Hamlet— W. H. H. Bagwell.
Hoffman— G. C. Baldwin.
Rockingham— Dr. A. C. Everett.

TOWNSHH'S.

Beaverdam — G. C. Baldwin, Hoffman.

Marks Creek — Dr. John I. Powlkes,
Hamlet.

Mineral Springs — Dr. J. M. Maness, El-
lerbe. No. 2.

Rockingham — Dr. A. C. Everitt, Rock-
ingham.

Steeles— Dr. W. L. Howell ,Covington.

Wolf Pit-
Black Jack — J. P. Meacham, Ellerbe.

ROBESON COUNTY.
Towns.
Pairmont — S. V. Stanly.
East Lumberton — Richard Duncan.
Maxton — Lucius McLean.
Pembroke — Mrs. O. L. Andrews.
Parkton — Collier Cobb.
Lumber Bridge — J. L. Shaw.
Rennert — C. W. Watson.
Red Springs — D. G. McMillan.
Rowland — Geo. K. McNeill.
St. Paul— Claude T. Poole.
Lumberton — Grover T. Page.

Townships.
Alfordsville — Geo. Bond.
Rock Swamp— John T. Singletary,
Lumberton, No. 6.

Britts— A. L. Stone, Lumberton, No. 4.

Burnt Swamp— J. L. McNeill, Buie.

Gaddy — J. 0. McArthur, Rowland.

Howellsville— N. C. Graham, Lumber-
ton, No. 7.

Pairmont— C. B. Thompson, Parmont.

Lumber Bridge— Thos. Stamps, Lum-
ber Bridge.

Lumberton— G. T. Page, Lumberton.

Orrum— Dr. L. B. Ayers, Proctorsville.

Maxton— Dr. A. B. Croom, Maxton.

Parkton— Dr. D. S. Currie, Parkton.

Pembroke — Dr. N. H. Andrews, Pem-
broke.

Raft Swamp— H. P. Townsend, Buie.

Red Springs— Dr. H. H. Hodgin, Red
Springs.

Rennert— Dr. A. C. McGoogin, Ren-
nert.

Rowland— Dr. W. E. Evans, Rowland.

Saddletree — J. B. Ward, Lumberton,
No. 7.

Smith's— Sandy McNeill, Wakulla.

St. Paul— Dr. Claud Poole, St. Paul.

Sterling's M i 1 1— W alter Murray,
Barnesville.

Thompson — P. M. Townsend, McDon-
ald.

White House— Dr. W. W. Early, Ma-
rietta.

Wishart— J. Ed Tyson, Lumberton.

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.
Towns.
Leaksville— W. R. Lynch, Spray, N. C.
Reidsville — James D. Womack.
Madison — G. W. Martin.
Stoneville— Jasper Claybrooks.
Mayodan —

Townships.

Huntsville— Dr. W. A. Payne, Belews
Creek, R. P. D.

Leaksville— W. R. Lynch, Spray.

Madison— Dr. J. H. Ault, Mayodan.

Mayo— Jasper Claybrook, Stoneville.

New Bethel— J. N. McCollum, Went- ^
worth, R. P. D.

Price — John W. Price, Price.

Reidsville — Jas. D. Womack, Reids-
ville.

Ruffin — Dr. C. R. Wharton, Ruffin.

Simpsonville— Dr. W. A. Johnston,
Reidsville, R. P. D.

Williamsburg— G. T. Walker, Reids-
ville. R. P. D.

Wentworth— Dr. W. W. Matthews,
Wentworth.

ROWAN COUNTY.
Towns.
China Grove— Dr. G. A. Ramseur.
Cleveland — R. B. Harris.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

241

Faith — R. A. Raney.
East Spencer — L S. Cotter.
Granite Quarry — A. L. Hall.
Rockwell — H. W. Earnhardt.
Salisbury — Dr. Charles W. Woodson.
Spencer — John R. Cruse.
Landis — B. 0. Edwards.
Gold Hill— J. S. Russell.

Townships.

Atwell — Dewitt Patterson, China
Grove.

China Grove — Dr. G. A. Ramseur,
China Grove.

Cleveland — Dr. A. B. Burns, Cleveland.

Franklin — "William Kester, Salisbury,
No. 4.

Gold Hill— J. S. Russell, Gold Hill.

Litaker — R. A. Rainey, Salisbury, No.
3.

Locke — John Wright, Salisbury.

Morgan — Joseph W. Miller, Richfield.

Mount Ulla— Dr. G. A. Brown, Mt.
Ulla.

Providence — Dr. C. M. Van Poole,
Salisbury.

Salisbury — T. W. Summerset, Salis-
bury.

Scotch-Irish — Frank N. Bryan, Cleve-
land, No. 1.

Steele — Jno. A. Locke, Barber.

Unity — E. J. Roseman, Salisbury, No.
5.

China Grove — Dr. G. A. Ramseur,
China Grove.

RUTHERFORD COUNTY.

Towns.
Bostic— T. L. Harill.
Ellenboro — S. H. Green.
Forest City— H. B. Doggett.
Rutherfordton — Z. A. Edwards.

Townships.
Camp Creek — Will F. Flack, Union

Mills.
Chimney Rock — John C. McDaniel,

Ayer.
Colfax — S.,H. Green, Ellenboro.
Cool Spring — Chas. K. Flack, Forest

City.
Duncan Creek — Grady Witherrow, Hol-

lis.
Gilkey— H. F. Killian, Gilkey.
Golden Valley — M. G. Crow, Gamble's

St >re.
Green Hill— T. J. Jones, Green Hill.
High Shoal — Boss Green, Henrietta.
Logan Store — Ed. Thompson, Bostic,

No. 1.
j Morgan— L. D. Hemphill, Union Mills,

No. 1.

Rutherfordton — Y. A. Edwards, Ruth-
erfordton.

Sulphur Springs — Alonzo Robbins,
Forest City, No. 2.

Union — George Moore, Rutherfordton,
R. F. D.

SAMPSON COUNTY.
Towns.
Autryville — Jas. R. White.
Clinton— L. S. Bell.
Roseboro — L. M. White.
Salemburg — Dr. G. L. Sykes.
Turkey — W. B. McGowan.

Townships.

Dismal — R. L. Bennett, Cooper, No. 1.

Franklin — J. B. Seavy, Kerr.

Halls — D. A. Bass, Kerner.

Herrings — S. A. Royals, Huntley.

Honeycutts — F. D. Parker, Salemburg.

Lisbon — Eugene Johnson, Ingold.

Little Coharie — J. W. Underwood,
Roseboro.

McDaniels — J. R. T. Green, Parkers-
burg.

Newton Grove — J. Harmon B r i 1 1,
Keener, No. 1.

North Clinton— L. S. Bell, Clinton.

Piney Grove — J. S. Darden, Faisons.

South Clinton — L. H. Best, Clinton.

Taylor's Bridge — Dr. J. O. Mathews,
Ingold.

Turkey — Dr. T. G. Williams, Turkey.

Westbrooks — Kirby West, Dunn, R.
F. D., No. 6.

Mingo — S. F. Jackson, Cooper, R. F.
D.

SCOTLAND COUNTY.

Towns.
East Laurinburg — S. J. Siler.
Laurinburg — D. A. McDougall.

Townships.
Laurel Hill —

Spring Hill — Daniel Monroe, Wagram.
Stewartsville— S. W. Covington, Lau-
rinburg.
Williamson's — W. Z. Gibson, Gibson.

STANLY COUNTY.
Towns.
Albemarle— W. W. Talbirt.
Big Lick— D. E. Efird.
New London — D. E. Ridenhour.
Norwood — W. G. Snuggs, Norwood.
Richfield— Geo. W. Miller,

Townships.
Almond — John W. Fink, Albemarle,
No. 3.

242

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

Big Licks— D. E. Efird, Big Lick.

Center — Dr. Carl Blalock, Norwood.

Endy— J. I. Effird, Big Lick, No. 2.

Furr — Dock Love, Locust.

Harris — J. O. Allen, New London.

North Albemarle— Dr. L. V. Dunlap,
Albemarle.

Ridenhour— M. J. M. Misenlieimer,
Richfield, No. 11.

South Albemarle— S. H. Hearne, Al-
bemarle.

Tyson— R. W. Thompson, Norwood,
No. 2.

STOKES COUNTY.

Towns.
Walnut Cove— R. F. Reynolds.

TOW^NSHIPS.

Beaver Island J. Frank Dunlap,

Gideon.

Danbury— A. J. Fagg, Danbury.

Meadows— J. Walter Fowler, German-
town.

Peters Creek— 0. M. Bennett, Dan-
bury.

Quaker Gap— Frank S. Lynch, Pilot
Mountain.

Sauratown— H. G. Tuttle, Walnut
Cove.

Snow Creek— A. B. Carter, Sa'ndy
Ridge.

Yadkin— J. Walter Tuttle, King, No. 1.

Yadkin— Dr. Oscar R. Kiger, King.

Yadkin— H. H. Brown, Pinnacle.

SURRY COUNTY.
Towns.
Dobson — Dr. W. Monroe Stone.
Elkin — R. B. Lewis.
Mount Airy — A. V. West.
Pilot Mountain — J. A. Pell.

Townships.

Bryan — ¥7. B. Williams, Rusk, No. 2

Dobson — Dr. W. M. Stone, Dobson.

Eldora— John T. Simpson, Mt. Airy,
No. 4.

Elkin— Robt. S. Guyer, State Road.

Franklin — G. E. Isaacs, Dobson, R. F.
D. No. 1.

Long Hill— Eddie M. Bryant, Ararat.

Marsh— S. H. Gough, Cruchfield.

Pilot — John M. Redman, Pilot Moun-
tain.

Rockford — W. R. Norman, Rockford.

Mount Airy— E. A. Hannah, Mt. Airy.

Shoals — John Whitaker, Pinnacle.

Siloam — J. M. Whitaker, Siloam.

Stewart's Creek — Logan Beame, Mount
Airy, No. 3.

Westfield — W. B. Blair, Pilot Moun-
tain, No. 2.

Marsh— H. E. Bemar, Rusk No. 1.

SWAIN COUNTY.
Towns.

Almond — A. L. Epps.

Bryson— N. R. Bishop, Bryson City.

Whittier— S. H. Justice.

Townships.
Charleston— N. R. Bishop, Bryson

City.
Forneys Creek— G. S. Welch, Bush-

nell.
Nantahala— A. L. Epps, Almond.
Oconalufty— C. W. Parker, Cherokee.

' TRANSYLVANIA COUNTY.
Towns.
Brevard— G. C. Kilpatrick.
Rosman — W. P. Hogsed.

Tow^nships.

Boyd— Dr. A. E. Lyday, Penrose.

Brevard— G. C. Kilpatrick, Brevard.

Cathey's Creek— C. R. Sharp, Selica.

Dunn's Rock— A. C. Landreth, Bre-
vard.

Estatoe— A. M. Paxton, Rosman.

Gloucester— Vance Galloway, Lake
Toxaway.

Little River— W. R. Kilpatrick. Pen-
rose.

Hogback— Ward Breedlove, Lake Tox-
away.

TYRRELL COUNTY.

Towns.
Columbia— D. W. Alexander.

Townships.

Alligator— W. E. Bateraan, Columbia,
No. 2.

Columbia — D. W. Alexander, Colum-
bia.

Gum Neck — Paul Jones, Gum Neck.

Scuppernong— J. T. Alexander, Colum-
bia, No. 1.

South Fork—

UNION COUNTY.
Towns.
Indian Trail— Dr. J. Y. Fitzgerald.
Mineral Springs— G. T. Winchester.
Monroe— T. L. Crowell.
Unionville— Dr. A. D. N. Whitley.
Waxhaw— W. R. Steele.
Wingate— J. J. Perry.
Stout— M. D. Gurley.
Marshville— F. W. Ashcraft.

TOWNSIIIPS.

Buford— W P. Plvler, Monroe, No. 4.
Goose Creek— Dr. A. D. N. Whitley.
Unionville.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

24^

Jackson — W. R. Steele, Waxhavc

Lane's Creek — Dr. J. B. Eubank, Mon-
roe, No. 1.

Marshville — F. W. Ashcraft, Marsh-
villo.

Monroe — T. L. Crowell, Monroe.

New Salem— G. W. Smith, Sr., Marsh-
ville, No. 5.

Sandy Ridge — W. L. Harkey, Mat-
thews, R. F. D.

Vance — J. W. Roberts, Indian Trail.

VANCE COUNTY.

Towns.
Henderson — Dr. F. E. Perkins.
Kittrell — C. E. Pennington, Box 14.
Marshville— F. W. Ashcraft.
Middleburg — Thos. H. Carroll.

TOWXSHIPS.

Dabney — E. S. Glover, Dabney.

Henderson — P. E. Rowland, Hender-
son.

Kittrell— H. A. Woodleif, Kittrell.

Middleburg— T. H. Carroll, Middle-
burg.

Sandy Creek — Joe N. Tunstall, Hen-
derson, No. 2.

Watkins — J. B. Glove, Henderson, No.
5.

Nutbush — B. F. Flemming, Manson, R
F. D.

Townsville— F. T. Tucker, Townsville.

Williamsboro — R. A. Bullock. Dabney,
No. 1.

WAKE COUNTY.

Towxs.
Apex — R. J. Boiling.
Bonsai — J. S. Sears.
Gary— D. S. House.
Fuquay Springs — E. H. Howard.
Garner — J. D. Johnson.
Folly Springs — J. D. Marcom.
Morrisville — W. B. Johnson.
Nev/ Hill — J. B. Rogan.
Raleigh— W. T. Davis.
Wake Forest — John H. Rcval.
Wendell— J. Ashley Wall. '
Zebulon— Vr. B. Griffin.
Forestville —

Tow .N SHIPS.

Barton's Creek— G. H. Ball, Neuse, No.

1.
Buckhorn— J. B. Regan, New Hill.
Gary— D. H. House, Gary.
Cedar Fork— E. M. Ellis, Morrisville.
House Creek— T. E. Hailey, Gary, No. 1.
Holly Springs — J. D. Marcom, Apex,

No. 5.
Leesville— A. M. Sorrell, Raleigh, No

Little River— H. P. Gill, Wakefield.

Marks Creek— J. A. Wall, Wendell.

Middle Creek— A. S. Ballentine, Fu-
quay Springs.

Neuse — J. B. Wiggins, Neuse, No. 1.

New Light — Nerous Watkins, Wake
Forest. No. 1.

Panther Branch— N. F. Turner, Mc-
Cullers.

Raleigh— W. T. Davis, Raleigh.

St. Mary's— J. D. Johnson, Garner.

St. Matthews — J. J. Horton, Knight-
dale, No. 2.

Wake Forest — John H. Royall, Wake
Forest.

White Oak — R. J. Boiling, Apex.

Swift's Creek— J. C. Smith, Raleigh,
No. 4.

WARREN COUNTY.
Towns.

Littleton — S. J. Stallings, on line be-
tween Halifax and Warren Counties.

Macon — A. F. Brame.

Norlina— T. T. Hawks.

Vaughan— W. T. Carter.

Warrenton — R. J. Jones.

TowxsHrps.

Fishing Creek— M. T. Duke, Marma-
duke.

Fork— R. M. Williams, Inez.

Judkins — J. J. Stallings, Embro.

Wise— H. C. Colimon, Wise,

Nutbush— A. E. Paschal, Manson.

River— B. E. King, Littleton.

Roanoke — J. T. Delbridge, Elams.

Sandy Creek— S. E. Allen, Manson.

Smith Creek— J. F. P. Horton, Nor-
lina.

Shocco— J. William Limer, Afton.

Warrenton —

Sixpound— A. F. Brame, Macon.

WASHINGTON COUNTY.
Towns.
Cherry— E. H. Liverman, Creswell.
Creswell— Dr. W. H. Hardison.
Plymouth— Thos. L. Smith.
Roper — J. J. Hassell.

Townships.
Lees Mills — J. J. Hassell, Roper.
Plymouth — W. T. Nurmey, Plymouth.
Scuppernong —

Skinnersville— Geo. S. Swain, Mack-
eys.

WATAUGA COUNTY.

Towns.
Boone — J. D. Councill, Boone.
Blowing Rock — Geo. F. Coffey.

244

THE HEAXTH BULLETIN".

Townships.
Bald Mountain— W. H. McGuire,

Brookside.
Beaverdam— S. C. Eggers, Vilas.
Blowing Rock —
Blue Ridge — Granville Storie, Blowing

Rock.
Boone — W. L. Trivett, Boone.
Cove Creek — Dr. W. O. Bingham,

Zionville.
Elk— G. W. Carroll, Jr., Triplett.
Laurel Creek — J. L. Glenn, Watauga

Falls.
North Fork — Riley May, Trade Tenn.
Meat Camp — M. H. Norris, Sands.
Shawneehaw— Thos. W. Rominger,

Hackett.
Stony Fork — J. M. Younce, Yuma.
Watauga— 0. L. Coffey, Banner Elk,

R. P D.

WAYNE C UNTY.
Towns.
Eureka — C. R. Aycock, Fremont.
Fremont — C. R. Aycock.
Goldsboro — Robert A. Creech.
Mt. Olive — E. B. Flowers.
Pikeville — A. Hosea.
Seven Springs — G. G. Quinn.

Townships.

Brogden — Ernest B. Flowers, Mt. Olive.

Buck Swamp — Milford Aycock, Pike-
ville.

Fork— W. C. Hollowell, Goldsboro, R.
P. D.

Goldsboro— Robt. A. Creech, Goldsboro.

Granthams — V. N. Bass, Goldsboro, R.
F. D.

Great Swamp — B. R. Edgerton, Kenly,
No. 1.

Nahunta — Clarence R. Aycock, Fre-
mont.

New Hope — L. D. Summerlin, Golds-
boro, No. 3.

Pikeville — A. Hosea, Pikeville.

Saulston— Geo. H. Smith, Saulston,
No. 1.

Indian Springs — G. G. Quinn, Seven
Springs.

Stony Creek —

WILKES COUNTY.
Towns.
North Wilkesboro — W. A. Bullis.
Ronda— N. E. Parlier.
Wilkesboro— B. S. Call.

Townships.
Antioch — John Glass, Call.
Beaver Creek— R. C. Walsh, Oakdale.
Boomer — J. E. Phillip, Boomer.

Brushy Mountain — P. A. Jennings,

Poors Knob, No. 1.
Edwards — E. W. Settle, Benham.
Elk — S. J. Barnett, Mt. Zion.
Job's Cabin— H. C. Baker, Maple

Springs.
Lewis Fork — A. L. Messick, Purlear.
Lovelace — P. M. Reid, Spurgeon.
Moravian Falls — W. G. Meadows,

Poor's Knob.
Mulberry — W. H. Sebastian, Hays.
New Castle — C. M. Wellborn, New Cas-
tle.
North Wilkesboro — J. N. Brooks, N.

Wilkesboro, No. 2.
Reddies River— G. A. Crysel, N.

Wilkesboro, No. 1.
Rock Creek— J. A. Sebastian, N.

Wilkesboro, No. 2.
Somers — J. W. Robbins, New Castle,

No. 1.
Stanton— W. E. Fletcher, Purlear.
Trap Hill— A. P. Baugus, Chuckle, R.

P. D.
Union — R. L. Parson, Wilbar.
Walnut Grove— Granville Billings,

Dockery.
Wilkesboro— T. M. Crysel, Wilkesboro.

WILSON COUNTY.

Towns.

Black Creek — James A. Barnes.
Elm City — Clarence Winstead.
Lucama — Dr. I. W. Lamm.
Stantonsburg— H. E. Thompson.
Wilson —

Townships.

Black Creek — James A. Barnes, R. F.
D.

Toisnot— Clarence Winstead, Elm City.

Stantonsburg— H. E. Thompson, Stan-
tonsburg.

Spring Hill— W. P. Watson, Lucama,
No. 1.

Saratoga— Dr. C. S. Eagles, Stantons-
burg, R. F. D.

Old Fields— R. T. Barnes, Kenly, R. P.
D.

Gardner— W. B. Forbes, Elm City, R.
P. D.

Cross Roads— J. H. Lamm, Lucama.

Taylor —

Wilson —

YADKIN COUNTY.

Towns.

Jonesville — W. S. Vestal.
Yadkinville— Dr. G. T. Evans.
East Bend — W. H. Norman.
Boonville — Dr. J. R. Finley.

THE HEAiTH BULLETLN.

245

Townships.

V. F,

Couch, Buck
Finney, Boon-

A. Jones, Lewis-

Buck Shoal — Dr.

Shoal.
Boonville — Dr. J.

ville.
Little Yadkin— W.

ville.
Liberty — Dr. G. T. Evans, Yadkinville.
Knobs — Dr. H. C. Salmons, Jonesville.
Forbush — Dr. J. J. Clingman, Cona.
Fall Creek— J. W. Williams, East

Bend.

East Bend-
Bend.

Deep Creek-
ville.

Dr. J. T. Benbow, East
-J. H. Wooten, Yadkin-

Fresh Air Crank " Agin"
Oxypathors

Here is a sample of the letters re-
ceived by the State Board of Health
after the exposure of the Oxypathor
fraud :

By all means continue sending me
the Health Bulletin. I have derived
much benefit from studying it. By
reading it, I have become a "fresh air
crank," so much so, that we even sleep
with our doors open. The winter has
been so mild that we have had to
keep up our screens.

I am highly pleased with your stand
on the alcohol and tobacco question,
patent medicines, "Oxyfakors," etc. 1
hope you will take up the fight on cof-
fee, tea, etc., and show us, one and all,
how to live a clean life and thus avoid
much sickness that we bring on our-
selves, but which, to excuse ourselves,
or in self-defense, we charge to our
Creator.

Very truly yours,

W. L. G

YANCEY COUNTY.
Townships.

Ramsaytown — J. A. Hannum, Ramsay-
town.

Price Creek — Mrs. Bell Horton, Cane
River.

Pensacola — R. V. T. Riddle, Pensacola.

Jacks Creek- J. W. Horton, Wilhite.

Green Mountain — Jacob Bailey, Tol-
edo.

Crabtree — Nat Silver, Micaville.

Cane River — Glen Proffitt, Bald Creek.

Bush Creek — Alfred Green, Toecane.

Burnsville — Dr. J. B. Gibbs, Burns-
ville.

South Toe— Miss Sallie Trull, Celo.

Egypt — Jno. King, Belog.

TRUE TO LIFE.

The efficiency of a Health Depart-
ment may be tested or better, judged,
by the death rate of the community it
serves. But, of course, due allowance
must always be made for lack of pro-
per equipment of force and funds with
which to work.

A noted medical authority asserts
that our unclean mouths, diseased
teeth and gums, are a constant and
insidious menace to health; they are
a source of infection in the individual
and a dangerous depot for the dissem-
ination of disease to others.

246

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

Life of a Fly

—COFfMAN IN NtW YORK AMEHICAN

ov-v.^

iJilig®

Publi5\edb4 TnZ.^9KmG\K9LI/^A STATE. B<?ARDs^AmLJA

Bullelin will be -sent free to arxg citizen of the Stole lipo a request |

Published monthly at the office of the Secretary of the Board, Raleigh, N. C.
Entered as second-class ynatter at Posloffice at Raleigh, X. C, Under Act of July 13, 1894-

Vol. XXVIII.

MARCH, 1914.

No 12

The Use and Abuse of Windows

Windows were made to
admit light and fresh air.
They were not meant to her-
metically seal up people
within four walls like a
dungeon. The greatest trou-
ble with four-fifths of our
houses is that there are not
enough windows in them,
and some of us do not use the
few windows we do have.
Witness the two houses here
shown. One house with two
families living in it has but
a few little windows, and
they are kept shut up as

shown in the picture, pJ^a^ri
tically all of the tim^
There is lots of fresh^ff
around this house bec'Su^
the people have all the^t
air shut up inside. The ath^
house has more and larger
windows and the people b^
lieve in getting their shar*e
of God's life-giving fresh air
and sunlight by keeping the
windows open, regardless of
the snow. Don't hibernate.
Ventilate.

>-q

TABLE OF

The Use and Abuse of Windows. . 247

Health Brevities 249

Gold Bricks ix Health 250

Good Hunting 251

Responsibility 252

No Help Yet for Fat People 252

How Much Liquor a Sick Man

Needs 254

Would You Blame the Lord? 256

May Have Our Office Copy 257

We Must Have Good Teeth 258

The Doctor's Larger Duty 260

The Practical Rural Privy 263

A Study in Advertisements 266

Charley Callow 266

CONTENTS

City Privies 267

Good Eyes Pay 271

Stand Up Straight and avoid Tu-
berculosis 271

Insist on Wrapped Bread 272

Not Even Advertising 272

Hogs in Towns 273

Two Meetings That May Interest

You 273

Where Ignorance Is Death 274

Our Respects to the Fly 276

The Trademark of Ignorance 276

Blame It on the Liver 277

Learn and Live 277

Two Milk Routes (Cartoon) 278

FREE PUBLIC HEALTH LITERATURE

Typhoid Fever Leaflet.

The Whole Time County

Health Officer.
Typhoid Fever.
Rules and Regulations for

County Boards of Health.
Measles.

Whooping Cough.
Diphtheria.
Scarlet Fever.
Some Light on Typhoid.
County Health Work on an

Efficient Basis.
Anti-Spitting Placards (11

inches by 9 inches).
Anti-Fly Placards (11 inches
by 19 inches).

No. 9.

Medical Inspection of Schools

No.

25.

and School Children.

No.

27.

No. 10.

Care and Feeding of Babies.

No. 11.

The Plague of Flies and

No.

28.

Mosquitoes.

No.

29.

No. 12.

Residential Sewage Disposal

Plants.

No.

30.

No. 13.

Sanitary Privy.

No.

31.

No. 14.

Hookworm Disease.

No.

32.

No. 15.

Malaria.

No.

33.

No. 18.

Tuberculosis Leaflet.

No.

35.

No. 19.

Compilation of Public Health
Laws of North Carolina.

36.

No. 20.

Tuberculosis Bulletin.

No. 21.

Fly Leaflet.

No. 22.

Baby Leaflet

No. 23.

The Vital Statistics Law.

I PUBU5ALD BY TML nOR.TA CAgOLIhA 5TATL BOAigD s^MEALW] i_Bj

Vol. xxvm.

MARCH, 1914.

No. 12.

HEALTH BREVITIES

Your county has just as much
health as it cares to purchase.

"Why protect the pig and forget the
children?"— Senator Owen, Oklahoma.

The fellow that's afraid of vaccina-
tion never saw real smallpox.

The first and prime condition of good
government is good health.

Investigation has shown that tooth
decay is by far the most prevalent
physical defect among school children.

Chicago has ten dental dispensaries
for the care of the teeth of its school
children. North Carolina has none.

"Vaccination against smallpox should
be a requisite to admission to any
school, public, parochial or private,
and periodical re-vaccination, particu-
larly in times of epidemics, obligatory
to continued attendance at school."
—Dr. S. Adolphus Knopf.

Unless your doors and windows are
well screened it will do little good to
use the fly swatter. The swatter is all

:l right to use to kill the few flies that

i get in despite the screens and your
vigilance. But it is a waste of time

\ and labor to use the swatter in the

i unscreened house.

It is only twenty years ago that
medical inspection in schools was
started in the United States. Great
Britain and Germany began the prac-
tice some years earlier.

We keep school records of the men-
tal equipment of our children. Why
not keep physical records of each
pupil from the time he enters until
he graduates?

In measles there are cases that never
break out, and in whooping cough
there are cases that never whoop.
However, these cases are just as
"catching" as any.

You don't need to apologize for all
your flies when friends and neighbors
drop in to see you. Your friends and
neighbors know just as well as you do
where those flies come from.

We eat three times a day, but we
must breathe eighteen times a minute.
And every breath we take should be
of good, fresh air, not stale, second-
hand or used, cast-off air, either.

Few of us will eat tainted food, but
most of us breathe tainted air. This
moves us to say that if we were as
careful about the air we breathe as we
are about the food we eat, the death
rate from the dirty air diseases would
soon reach the vanishing point.

250

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

GOLD BRICKS IN HEALTH

How Fools are Soon Parted from their Money, Lives and Health

Wabrex H. Booker, C.E.

What do you think of a fellow that
bites on a gold brick swindle these
days? Feel kind o' sorry for him in
a way, don't you? And yet, when he
loses his money, we just say, "A fool
and his money are soon parted." But
what about the scoundrel that gets
away with this poor fellow's hard
earned cash? What do we think of
him? What do we think of all his ac-
complices? The prison is too good
for them, and they are rarely ever sent
there, any way.

But w^here there
is one gold brick in
business there are
a dozen in health.
Where there is one
fellow selling min-
ing stock that will
never mine, or real
estate that is not
real (lots in Long
Island Sound, out
in the ocean, or in
some river bed),
there are a score of
scoundrels and
their accomplices,
several shades blacker than the
gold brick shark, who are not only
filching the hard earned money from
our people and giving them nothing
for it in return, but they are actually
robbing them of their most precious
personal possession, their lives and
health.

Whom do I mean by the scoundrels
and their accomplices? I refer to th?
great host of patent medicine frauds
and fakes, and the accomplices are
none other than a great lot of the
newspapers and religious papers which
exploit the advertisements of these
frauds. Of all papers that should be
clean from cover to cover, that should
bend every effort to make sure that

LOOK OVER THE ADS IN YOUR
FAMILY PAPERS THIS EVENING.
IF YOU FIND PATENT MEDICINE
ADVERTISEMENTS, JUST DROP
A LINE TO THE EDITOR AND
TELL HIM WHAT YOU THINK OF
SUCH ADVERTISEMENTS. THE
ONLY WAY TO STOP SUCH
THINGS IS TO LET THE FOLKS
PUBLISHING THESE PAPERS
KNOW WHERE YOU STAND ON
SUCH MATTERS.

what is advertised in their papers is
what it is claimed to be, it certainly
devolves upon the religious press to
set an example and, above all, to be
honest with their readers.

You would never think of letting
some one thrust a loaded revolver into
your hand, put your finger to the trig-
ger, aim the gun at one of your friends
and commit murder for you, while
you deliberately turned your head in
another direction. Did it ever occur
to you that that is
just what takes
place when a paper,
religious or secular,
sells its advertising
space to such
frauds? It is the
modern way of sell-
ing our birthright
for a mess of pot-
tage. Was Judas
much more to be
blamed for betray-
ing innocent blood
for thirty pieces of
silver than we are,
if we betray our fellow man by being
party to a plot to rob him of his money
and give him, at best, some worthless
drugs? Perhaps we also give him a
shove and a kick down the road of ill
health toward a premature grave —
sometimes from the dangerous charac-
ter of the drug, more often because
the promises made delude the victim
and keep him from getting genuine
medical relief.

To be concrete, witness the follow-
ing incident. The accompanying pic-
ture shows a man who saw "Nature's
Creation" advertised in a paper. Ac-
cording to the advertisement, the
medicine will cure consumption. It
sells for $5.00 a bottle. The poor.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

251

that in Chicago the venereal quackery
emaciated fellow in the picture is a
consumptive in the last stages. He
admits having taken at least twenty
bottles of "Nature's Creation." How-
ever, he did not pay for the medicine,
but received it in return for a testi-
monial he wrote endorsing this nos-

GOOD HUNTING

A consumptive in the last stages and his patent
medicine bottles (Nature's Creation) which helped
to put him there.

trum. This young man is now in a san-
atorium for the treatment of tubercu-
losis, and has little hope of recovery.
After learning the real worthlessness
of this nostrum, he consented to be
photographed with a number of the
empty bottles. He is indeed a woeful
spectacle.

Verily, a fool and his health are
soon parted, but who parts them? Too
frequently the advertisers of patent
medicines.

Be sure to see that the birth of any
child in whom you are interested is
reported and recorded; it may mean
a great deal to that child in later
years.

How the Light of Publicity Knocks
Out Patent Medicine Frauds

Quack doctors are the most vulner-
able of big game. How astonishingly
tender their commercial susceptibili-
ties are has been shown by the Chi-
cago Tribune. One week of exposure
through the Tribune's columns practi-
cally ruined every venereal disease
quack in the city. Some shut up shop
and disappeared. Others sat idle in
empty offices, forlorn spiders at the
center of flyless webs. Never before
was so powerful and profitable an in-
dustry brought to such instant wreck-
age. What destroyed this pirate trade
was not alone the direct result of the
exposures, definite and potent though
that was. The lethal blow was the
eviction of all this class of advertis-
ing from the daily press. "Within four
days of the Trihime's declaration of
war every morning and afternoon pa-
per in the city, whether printed in
English or in some other language
(and there is a great number of Chi-
cago newspapers published in foreign
tongues), which was carrying this
class of copy had been shamed or
alarmed into throwing it out. The
evening paper of William R. Hearst,
who a year ago bragged mightily of
having foregone his alliance with
quacks, was forced to exclude advertis-
ing which represents in the neighbor-
hood of $70,000 a year blood money to
that apostle of journalistic purity.
Finally, the militant Tribune gives no-
tice of its intention to stir up prosecu-
tions under the law; or, if the present
law be inadequate, to agitate for the
enactment of a stronger statute under
which the malefactors may be brought
to book. In view of this newspaper's
established reputation for carrying out
to the fullest conclusion whatever it
undertakes, it is a fairly safe prophecy

252

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

game is up. Out in Seattle the Sun, a
lusty infant of Far Western journal-
ism, performed a like service for its
city; and some years ago the Cleve-
land Press made a valiant but only
partly successful effort in that vicinity.
But the Chicago campaign has been by
far the broadest and most significant.
On its letterhead the Tribune terms
itself "The World's Greatest Newspa-
per." To our mind its antiquack vic-
tory goes far toward making the boast
good. — Collier's Weekly.

RESPONSIBILITY

Who Is Accessory to the Patent
Medicine Fakery ?

Says one of the quarry of the Trib-
une's quack hunt: "I have paid most
of what I made to newspapers that
printed my ads." Despite its source,
that statement is indubitably true.
Without newspaper advertising no
quack can hope to do business. The
Tribune, in its articles, showed that as
soon as the advertising was cut off the
venereal sharks ceased to receive pa-
tients enough to keep their oflBces go-
ing. Consider, you newspaper reader,
the true significance of this. It means
that the responsibility for quackery in
your town rests with your daily paper.
If the newspaper owner didn't accept
that poisoned and reeking money the
quack couldn't continue to take his
profit of human terror and human mis-
ery. And the responsibility of the
newspaper is readily brought home.
No use in attacking the quack except
by process of law, and most state laws
along this line are wretchedly flimsy.
Moral suasion cannot influence the
crooked practitioner because he has no
character. But a newspaper has a
character, and that character is part of
its capital. Where the emoluments of
evil advertising bring open disgrace
upon a journal that journal will drop
the advertising. It took the Tribune

but four days to clean up every news-
paper in Chicago. In Portland the pa-
pers were compelled by force of pub-
lic opinion, voiced through a commit-
tee of citizens, to discard this class of
business; and now there are no ve-
nereal quacks in Portland. What city
will be next in line? The task is pos-
sible to any community which can or-
ganize public opinion. The method
is simple and direct. Compel the news-
papers, by force of fear or by the per-
suasions of decency, to cleanse their
columns, and quackery will promptly
and surely die of inanition. — Collier's
Weekly.

NO HELP YET FOR FAT PEOPLE

Read This Before You Spend Money
for Obesity Cures

Since the beginning of time those
fortunate, or unfortunate, persons who
have had too much to eat and too lit-
tle to do have endeavored to escape
from the bondage of fat by some means
which would reduce them to normal
proportions, but leave them free to
overeat and be lazy. Probably antifat
remedies were advertised to the Ro-
man patricians 2,000 years ago. They
have been ever since, and they always
will be so long as there are men and
women who eat more than they need
and work less than they ought to. As
these individuals generally belong to
the leisure class, with plenty of money
to spend on self-improvement, they form
a tempting group for the confidence
man and the fake medical swindler.
Antifat remedies and reducing treat-
ments have been sprung on the public
by the score. Most of them have been
promptly exposed as frauds or have
died a natural death as soon as a rea-
sonable number of victims found that
they did not fulfill the extravagant
promises made by their promoters.
The public has recently been treated

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

253

to a demonstration of the antifat rem-
edy de luxe. The combination of a
professional antifat faker with a popu-
lar and well-advertised burlesque ac-
tress, the use of an exuberant and va-
riegated vocabulary in framing adver-
tising, and of an unlimited amount of
printer's ink in making extravagant
promises to the overfed, has resulted
in breaking the news to the expectant
world that the "Texas Guinan World-
Famed Treatment for Corpulency"
will relieve all the ills of fat people
for $20 a bottle. This would be lovely
if it were true, but, unfortunately, it
is not. The man behind the scheme is
Walter C. Cunningham, who in 1906 is
said to have served a term in jail in
Minneapolis for fraudulent acts in the
real estate business, and who later went
into the mail order medical fake busi-
ness, probably as offering greater
profits with less risk. In 1909 he
started, in Chicago, a mail order bust
developer and wrinkle eradicator con-
cern under the name of his wife, Eve-
lyn Cunningham. In 1910 he sold out
this concern and started another under
the name of Delia Carson. In 1911,
after being divorced from Evelyn
Cunningham, he married Marjorie
Hamilton, the "calendar girl," and
went to Denver, where he started the
"Marjorie Hamilton Obesity Cure,"
the "Princess Tokio Beauty Company"
and the "Cunningham Mail-Order
School." Early in August dispatches
from Denver stated that the "calendar
girl" had been "deposed as the light
in the lives of fat women who seek to
reduce." In an interview in a Chicago
newspaper at about the same time
Marjorie said: "Mr. Cunningham
now has another scheme for money-
making. I would advise the people
who are dealing with him to look out."
Mr. Cunningham did have another

scheme. It involved another woman
whose name he could use and another
fat-reducing fake. This time the
woman was Texas Guinan, and the
wonderful remedy which was offered
as an "absolutely unfailing fat re-
ducer" was found on analysis in the
laboratory of the American Medical
Association to be a solution of alum
and alcohol in water. A bottle of this
wonderful mixture costs 30 cents, and
was offered for sale by Cunningham as
"Texas Guinan's World-Famed Treat-
ment for Corpulency," at the low price
of $20, leaving an insignificant margin
of profit on each bottle of $19.70. The
Journal of the American Medical As-
sociation, which has just published a
complete exposure of this fake, says
that it will not have any more effect
on surplus fat than so much ditch wa-
ter, and that its sale under the claims
made for it and at such an outrageous
price is a plain swindle and fraud.
The fact that this business is carried
on almost exclusively through the
United States mails ought to make its
career a short one. However, as soon
as this fraud is squelched, the versa-
tile Cunningham will doubtless find
another woman behind whose name he
can hide, and with whose assistance he
can sell another worthless mixture at
an exorbitant price. That unfortu-
nate part of the public which suffers
from too much fat ought to under-
stand by this time that there is no
remedy for this condition but to eat
less and work more, the only two
things which most of these victims are
unwilling to do.

Who's Been There, Knows

She — "Take care, Alfred! That isn't
the remedy for seasickness. Don't you
see the bottle is marked poison?"

He — "That's the one I want."

254

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

HOW MUCH LIQUOR A SICK MAN NEEDS

Is the Prescribing of Liquor a Privilege That is Abused ?

Proposed

Wabren H. Booker, C.E.

A Remedy

"Just a little on account of sick-
ness." That used to be an old excuse
for keeping the jug around th2 housa.
Now it is becoming
an excuse for get- ^ "^ * =.< w * * ^
ting whiskey by the
pint or quart from
the drug store.
The question has
been raised if pres-
cribing liquor i s
not, in some cases,
getting it "under
false pretenses," or
at least a privilege
that is abuse d.
This tendency, it
has been noticed,
has been on the in-
crease within re-
cent years.

In order to get
at the facts in the
case, to learn defi-
nitely if the gen-
eral attitude of the
medical profession
is to increase or
decrease the use of
alcoholic liquors in
treating disease,
and to establish a
r 0 u g h standard,
rule, or guide,
showing the aver-
age quantity of al-
coholic liquor now **********
used by the best
authorities on medicine, the Secretary
of the State Board of Health wrote
to a number of the best hospitals

BR. WILEY ON WHISKEY AS
MEDICINE.

Whiskey and brandy are in
serious danger of losing their
time-honored places in the Re-
vised Pharmacopeia of the Uni-
ted States. Dr. Harvey W. Wiley
is Chairman of the Pharmaco-
peial Convention and one of the
Committe on Revision . In
speaking of this elimination of
brandy and whiskey from the
list of reputable drugs. Dr. Wi-
ley says:

"The artjunieiits Miiich hare
been advanced in favor of doing
away with these articles are iu
my opinion sound and convinc-
ing- in so far as principles are
concerned.

"In brief, the argument is as
follows, namely, that brandy and
whiskey are no longer used as
medicines in sufficient quantities
to warrant tlieir retention by the
Pliarmacopeia. This fact has
been ascertained by consulting
large numbers of acting practi-
tioners, who have responded in
such a manner as to show that
brandy and whiskey are rarely
found at the present time in the
prescriptions of the most pro-
gressive physicians."

—Dr. Harvey W. Wiley.

in the country, and to all the physi-
cians in the State v/ho have been oflB-
cors in the State Medical Society dur-
ing the last five
years, and asked
them to give defi-
nite facts as to the
number of patients
they treated in a
year, together with
the total amount of
liquor prescribed.

A great many
answers were re-
ceived. From these
it was found that,
for a total of 186,-
052 patients treat-
ed during one year,
a total of 601 gal-
lons 0 f whiskey
and brandy were
prescribed. This,
reduced down,
proved to be an
average of about
three-fourths of a
tablespoon ful per
patient during the
entire year. This
result, from such a
large number of
cases from the
practice of repu-
table physicians
******** * =:= and hospitals, can
only be construed
as being an index as to what con-
titutes good practice in regard to
the use of liquor as medicine.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

255

From the replies received to the let-
ters of inquiry, two important points
were brought out:

1. A great many of the doctors
stated that they were using much less
liquor now than they did from five to
ten or fifteen years ago, and that, too,
patients are more successfully treated
than when more liquor was prescribed.

2. It could not but be noted that, in
general, doctors who had received their
degrees in medicine within the last
ten years were prescribing a great
deal less liquor than doctors who grad-
uated prior to that time. A great many
of the very best doctors of the younger
set prescribe no liquor whatsoever.

From these two points it appears
that unmistakably the tendency in the
best medical practice of the present
day is to decrease rather than increase
the quantity of liquor prescribed.

One of the most striking features of
the whole matter is that while the best
medical practice both in the State and
in large hospitals outside the State
shows a strong tendency to decrease
the amount of liquor prescribed, yet
the actual amount of liquor prescribed
by the profession as a whole is be-
lieved to be largely increased during
recent years, and it will be noted that
this increase is coincident with the
more rigid enforcement of our prohibi-
tion laws.

The replies to the questions submit-
ted were so interesting that we can not
refrain from quoting the gist of a few.
Space forbids longer quotations, but
these are typical.

"I find it c^dvisable to prescribe
whiskey to perhaps less than ten pa-
tients a year."' — W. L. Dunn, M.D.,
Asheville.

"During the year I have prescribed
no whiskey or brandy at all." — James
J. Philips, M.D., Tarboro.

"With all of our practice, including
the hospital and our private work, we
do not advise an amount exceeding
one gallon a year." — J. T. Burrus, M.D ,
High Point.

"The amount used in the institu-
tion for the year has been an average
of 201/i ounces per patient. This
rather high average is due to the
quantity required by certain chronic pa-
tients, and will be reduced this year."
— Albert Anderson, M.D., Superin-
tendent State Hospital for the Insane,
Raleigh.

"I do not use more than one drop
of spirits to the patient." — F. R. Har-
ris, M.D., Henderson.

"I am sure that on my hospital ser-
vices only two or three patients a
year ever get alcohol in any form by
my order."— H. A. Royster, M.D., Ra-
leigh.

"I have prescribed no whiskey or
spirits of any sort during the last
year, or previous one." — Wm. M.
Jones, M.D., Greensboro.

"I don't prescribe whiskey at all." —
John R. Irwin, M.D., Charlotte.

"During the last five years of my
active practice I am satisfied I did not
prescribe over a pint a year, and if I
■ were practicing now I would not pre-
scribe any at all."— J. T. J. Battle,
M.D., Greensboro.

"I have never prescribed whiskey
at any time; have advised patients to
take very small quantities of brandy,
and that was in very few instances.
Since I gave up general practice I
have not had any chance or occasion
for the use of such."— M. M. Saliba,
M.D., Wilson.

"I prescribe for 3,600 patients per
year, including twenty-five 'drunks.'
I prescribe one ounce of spirits for
each of these. Otherwise I never
write a prescription for spirits." — E.
T. Dickinson, M.D., Wilson.

"I prescribe 8 quarts of whiskey
per year — this would be 20 drops for
each patient."— Frank H. Russell, M.D.,
Wilmington.

"I do not prescribe whiskey. How-
ever, I recognise it as a valuable rem-
edy.'"- Dr. D. A. Dees, Bayboro.

"I do not prescribe it in any shape."
—J. E. Koonce, M.D., Wilmington.

"I don't suppose I have prescribed
on an average one-half gallon of whis-
key per year, and I suppose I see at
least as many patients as any physi-
cian in the city. I believe the neces-

256

THE HEALTH BULLETIX.

sity for prescribing whiskey is very
seldom indeed. In fact, I believe
there are other remedies that would
be equally as good, if not better, in
those cases in which it was pre-
scribed."— A. J. Crowell, M. D., Char-
lotte.

These few letters taken at random
show unmistakably the present trend
of medical science in regard to the use
of liquor in sickness.

The Remedy Suggested.

In view of the facts in the case, it
is plain that some sort of remedy is
needed for the present drugstore liquor
4rade. It must be admitted that very
:<few, if any, physicians voluntarily pre-
scribe much of the liquor that is now
bought at drugstores. Much pressure
lis brought to bear upon them by a
certain class of drinkers or patients,
whereas if the doctors had some good,
concrete argument to fall back on
which would appeal to this class of
people, they could, without causing
offense, avoid doing what their con-
sciences decree is wrong. In other
words, we believe that a remedy for
such conditions would be more wel-
come to doctors than to any one else.

For a simple, direct means of effect-
ing this end, it might be well to add a
clause to our search and seizure la v
requiring that druggists' prescription
files be audited, say quarterly, and the
aA'erage quantity of alcoholic liquors
prescribed per patient be made part
of a public report to the mayor of the
town. Or, as this report might fre-
quently be pigeonholed, it might be
better still to have these facts pub-
lished in at least one local newspaper.
When once the public knows that, in
the best medical practice, less than a
tablespoonful of liquor per patient
treated is given annually, then the
weak-kneed doctor will have something
to fall baek on.

WOULD YOU BLAME THE LORD?

Two Conflicting Stories. Which
Will You Believe?

Slander and libel of our fellow men.
are usually punishable by law. Yet we
frequently hear good people, some-
times even ministers, blame the Lord
for things for which we ourselves are
entirely responsible. Witness the fol-
lowing incident, such as occurs all too
frequently in every North Carolina
community:

"The hour for the funeral had ar-
rived, and neighbors were coming in
to the services. The dead baby lay in
a little white coffin lined with white
satin, was dressed in white, and flow-
ers in profusion decorated the room
and testified to the sympathy of the
neighbors.

"The preacher made a short prayer,
uttered a few comforting words, a
song was sung, the little baby was
borne to the white hearse by four
young girls in white, and the proces-
sion moved toward the cemetery.

"The baby had died from intestinal
disorder induced by wrong feeding,
yet the preacher had said: 'The
Lord giveth and the Lord has taken
away.' The doctor told how it all
happened. 'That baby,' said he, 'was
born strong and healthy. The mother
nursed it for weeks, but finding that
nursing interfered with bridge parties
and other social affairs she provided
a bottle, and when she was absent, her
colored nurse fed the baby cow's milk.
This irregularity of breast feeding
soon lessened the amount of the moth-
er's milk, and she concluded that she
would entirely cease nursing. The
child seemed to do well on the bottle
for a while, but it soon became evi-
dent that something was wrong. At
one time I saw the mother give a
piece of rich pie crust to her baby,
and I warned her against doing so.
She told me that she found that the
infant liked coffee, and a little was
frequently given to it. And so, despite
my medicines and my warnings in
regard to feeding, the child's digestive
apparatus gradually broke down. An
old grandmother told the mother that

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

257

it was natural for babies to throw up.
Another one prescribed soothing
syrup which contained morphine. An-
other one recommended anise seed
cordial, and so it went; the young
mother being willing to depend upon
drugs and remedies, but not willing
to practice prevention by feeding
rationally. When the digestive ma-
chinery was put to the bad the baby
finally took dysentery and died.'

"Continuing, the doctor said, 'I had
three infants die of pneumonia last
winter, simply because their mothers
woiild not give them enough fresh air.
In spite of my instructions that plenty
of air made babies strong and pro-
tected them against colds and coughs,
still they would cover their babies'
faces with veils and napkins and keep
the life-giving air away. The foolish
idea,' said the doctor, 'which seems
to exist everywhere, that fresh, cold
air is injurious, must be somehow ex-
tracted from the minds of our people,
or else pneumonia-dead babies will
always be with us.' "

There are the two entirely different
stories about the cause of this baby's
death. These two stories are typical
of a great many other two-sided stories
told in regard to thovisands of needless
baby deaths that occur in North Caro-
lina every year. Are you inclined to
agree with the preacher and place the
responsibility on the Lord, or with the
doctor and acknowledge that a very
large part of it is "up to us"?

Let's stop a great lot of these need-
less infant deaths. It can be done by
impressing upon the mother the im-
portance of proper care and feeding of
her baby. If you know of a mother
who probably has very little general
knowledge regarding the best way of
raising babies and making them
strong, vigorous children, just write
the State Board of Health asking that
a bulletin on "The Baby" be sent the
mother. It will be sent free of charge
by return mail, a ad no mention will
be made that it was requested.

MAY HAVE OUR OFFICE COPY

Since the exposure of the Oxypathor
fraud by the State Board of Health a
few months ago, letters have contin-
ued to pour into this oflBce expressing
the appreciation of our readers that
this fake was nailed and laid out
cold. We have not space to reproduce
many of these letters, but here is
one from the mayor of a North Caro-
lina town which we can not help giv-
ing our readers:

State Board of Health. Raleigh, N. C:
Gentlemen .• — I have been receiving
your monthly bulletin and I very
much appreciate the same. I loaned a
friend my copy in which you exposed
the Oxypathor, and he has never re-
turned it. I think it was destroyed,
as his brother is an agent for the Oxy-
pathor. Will you please send me an-
other copy of the Bulletin in which
you expose the Oxypathor? I would
very much appreciate it if you could
do so. Very truly,

, Mayor.

Such a man shall have another
copy of the Bulletin containing this
article if we have to give -him our of-
fice copy.

In only one way can future genera-
tions be relieved of the yoke of pre-
ventable disease, and that way is by a
general dissemination of facts con-
cerning those diseases. Is there any
medium that could be more effectively
employed for such teaching than the
school ? But first we must have
teachers who are capable of such
teaching.

Sound sanitation makes good health
"catching."

Indiana is preparing to add a course
in public health and sanitation to the
curriculum of its school of medicine in
connection with the State University,
with the idea of preparing physicians
to intelligently meet the problems of
public health work.

258

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

WE MUST HAVE GOOD TEETH

A Practical Talk to Children and Grown-ups Who Don't Want to be

Bothered with Toothache and "Stomach Trouble"

When They Get Older

Good teeth, like good health, are uot
valued as they should be, and it is
only after we have lost either that we
understand how little we valued them.

If you have never thought of it be-
fore, notice now how few grown-up
people have really pretty teeth; and
when you see a man or woman who
has beautiful teeth, observe whether
or not that person has not only gool
teeth but also splendid health. There
may be an excep-
tion now and then,

but it is the rule
that a beautiful set
of teeth and perfect
health go hand in
hand, and we are
going to try to
show you why this
is, for there should
be a reason' for It.
When little b a-
bies are born their
natural food i s
milk, for a time,
for which no teeth
are required and
for which nature
provides none. As
the months pass,
the baby begins to
require solid food,
and as this time
comes nature provides additional
power in the stomach to digest that
more solid food, and in addition fur-
nishes in the mouth the tools by which
this solid food may be crushed, ground
up and divided so that the juices in
the mouth and stomach can quickly
and easily come in contact with it
and fit it to be taken up into the body
for nourishment.

THE PRIME ESSENTIAL IN
HAVING GOOD TEETH IS PRE-
VENTION. PREVENT DECAY BY
THE REGULAR USE OF THE
TOOTHBRUSH MORNING AND
EVENING. OMIT WASHING
YOUR FACE AND HANDS RATH-
ER THAN CLEANING YOUR
TEETH. THEN PREVENT TINY
CAVITIES FROM BECOMING
LARGER BY GOING TO A DEN-
TIST AT LEAST ONCE EVERY
YEAR OR SIX MONTHS AND
HAVING THE TEETH CARE-
FULLY INSPECTED AND TINY
CAVITIES FILLED.

During the time that the teeth are
grinding it up and separating it into
minute particles, there is being poured
into it the saliva of the little glands
in the mouth, which is the first prepa-
ration needed in its digestion. If it
were not for this fine division the food
gets in being ground up by the teeth,
it would enter the stomach in more
or less large, solid pieces, unmixed
with the saliva, and the juices of the
stomach would then

be able to attack

only the outside of
it. While these
juices would in
time, perhaps, di-
gest it, yet the
greater work that
they would be re-
quired to do would,
after a while, so
tax their working
power that they
would and do be-
come weak and un-
able to do the addi-
tional work, just as
a man or a horse
who is sent out
every day to do
more than he is ca-
pable of doing be-
comes weaker and
weaker until at last he can do no more.
You will see, then, how valuable it is
to have each and every tooth in per-
fect condition, simply from the stand-
point of the preparation of the food
for digestion.

When a person has a decaying tooth
in his mouth, he not only takes away
just that much of his tools for th?
preparation of his food, but he begin"-

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

259

to mix with that food other things
than the saliva. The tooth com-
mences to pour pus (matter) into the
mouth to be mixed with the food. The
cavities in the tooth are splendid little
nests for the germs to live in and
raise their large families. This pus,
or decayed matter, and germs, being
mixed with the food, pass into the
stomach and begin to attack the
health.

When one tooth after another is de-
caj'ed in this way you can see that
instead of pure, wholesome food bein^
taken up by the body all the time, poi-
sons are mixed with it, and after a time
the persons begin to wonder ichy they
do not feel tcell, and say they have
stomach trouble, when in reality what
they have is tooth trouble.

To show you what decayed teeth
mean, we want to tell you of twenty-
seven boys and girls in Cleveland,
Ohio, whose teeth were in very bal
condition.

These twenty-seven little girls and
boys were not doing well in their
school work, and it was determiaed to
see what effect the substitution of
good teeth for bad teeth would have
on backward children. So each of
them was put in the care of a good
dentist and his teeth restored to as
near good teeth as was possible. Af-
ter this was done a test of their school
work was made and compared with
their previous school work. This test
showed that all of them had improved
99.8 per cent. In other words, these
children were able with good teeth to
do just twice as well as they did with
bad ones.

Now, the care of the teeth is not a
hard matter. It means only a little
habit of cleanliness which, after it is
acquired, will never be neglected and
which will repay you many, many
times.

If you are not in the habit of brush-
ing your teeth, start today, have your

toothbrush where you will see it be-
fore you night and morning, but espe-
cially at night, for no one should ever
go to bed with dirty teeth.

In using the brush, in addition to
brushing it back and forth across the
teeth, you should brush from the gums
down on the upper row and from the
gums up on the lower row. This is
important, for in this way we remove
the food that is between the teeth.

Too much brushing of the teeth is
not only unnecessary, but may be
harmful, by irritating the gums.
Brushing the teeth night and morning
is enough.

In spite of the best care that you
give your teeth, there will be times
when little spots of decay appear, and
for this reason It is important that
everyone have a good dentist examine
the teeth once or twice every year in
order to discover these little decayed
places and take care of them at once,
and so prevent them from becoming
cavities.

Your father or mother sometimes
may forget that it is time that your
teeth need looking at, and often w-ill
forget to notice whether you have
cleaned them; so you must learn to
think of these things yourself, for they
are, after all, your teeth, given you
for your use. — Bulletin St. Louis
Health Department.

Iowa has a new law regarding the
reporting of cases of venereal disease.
Failure to comply with the regulations
makes the physician liable to a fine of
one hundred dollars, thirty days' im-
prisonment, and revocation of his
license.

Different Complaint

"I believe I will run down to Eureka
Springs."
"Week end?"
"No; rheumatism."

260

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

THE DOCTOR'S LARGER DUTY

His Greater Privilege and the Possibilities Within His Reach

Address Before the Sixth District Medical Society by Dr. F. R. Harris, Henderson, President

We are all keenly alive to our duty
to our patients, but may it not be true
that we are so engrossed with the in-
dividual that we too often forget that
we owe a larger service to the com-
munity? When we recall that, in 1911,
we had in North Carolina over 2,000
more deaths from tuberculosis, over
1,000 more deaths from pneumonia,
over 1,000 more from typhoid, over
1,800 more from diarrheas (under two
years), and nearly 500 more deaths
from whooping cough than we would
have had with the average death rate
in the United States, I am forced to the
conclusion that somebody is at fault.
This lamentable state of affairs is due
to indifference on the part of the pub-
lic, and this is due to ignorance of the
laws of health.

Now, to whom can the public look
for relief but to our profession? We
know the conditions; we know the
remedy. Then is it not our bounden
duty, as citizens, to give the benefit
of our knowledge to the public? The
State Board of Health, with its efficient
and wide-awake secretary, is doing all
it can with the petty sum at its dis-
posal. But this is only the entering
wedge. It rests with us, the rank and
file of the profession, individually and
collectively, to do our part in this
great work. If each member of this so-
ciety would do his part in this work
during the coming year, with the pen,
on the rostrum, on the street, and es-
pecially in the homes whenever and
wherever the opportunity offers, what
a strong right arm might we not be
to the State Board of Health, and what
a blessing we would be to the public
in the prevention of sickness, the pro-
longation of life, and in promoting.

in many ways, happiness and prosper-
ity in our beloved State! This is what
I regard as the paramount privilege
and duty of the profession.

The Physician and Vital Statistics.

Our last General Assembly passed
a strict and comprehensive vital sta-
tistics law. It is incumbent upon us,
as guardians of the public health, to
popularize this law by telling the peo-
ple of its significance. In my judg-
ment, we shall find a great many ob-
stacles to be overcome before the peo-
ple can realize that it is for the pub-
lic good. Let us lose no opportunity
to aid the State Board of Health in
popularizing this advance step by
pointing out to the people the advan-
tages that will accrue from its en-
forcement, and even by going out of
our way to personally see to it that ev-
ery birth and death is reported to the
local registrar of the town or town-
ship, whether or not it occurred in our
practice.

The Physician and Preventive Med-
icine.

Let our slogan be, "A competent
health oflicer paid for his entire time
for each county in the State." Par-
don me if I suggest right here that we
see to it that in each instance a com-
petent county health ofl&cer is selected,
and not be guilty of selecting a man
because he needs a job. Rather let us
select a man because the job needs
that man. With a competent health
officer paid for his entire time in each
county, each county should arrange a
program of popular lectures to be
given by the members of the county
society throughout the county, partic-

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

ularly in the school houses. In this
way every section of every county in
the State can be reached, and untold
good will result. In my county, mem-
bers of our local society have done
just such work as this. We have used
not only the school houses, but also
the churches, and we find that the peo-
ple always attend these lectures. The
public is beginning to see that there is
something in sanitation.

The highest form of service which
the medical profession can perform
for mankind is in the prevention of
disease. It is in the study of the pre-
vention of disease that medicine has
no rivals, and is least likely to be mis-
understood. This realm is not in-
vaded by the charlatan, the pseudo-
scientific sect, or the patent medicine
man. These are all zealous in the
treatment of disease, but the science
of medicine differentiates itself from
them in that, while they are con-
cerned for the sick, scientific medi-
cine is searching out the causes of dis-
ease and applying preventive meas-
ures. Medicine, as an organized pro-
fession, is the only great movement
having as an aim the reduction of
morbidity by preventing the well from
becoming sick. Intelligent and scien-
tific effort in the prevention of disease
is tangible and can be measured, and
is freer from confusion than is treat-
ment. In the treatment of disease the
forces of nature are just as kind to the
mercenary quack, with his "incompar-
able elixir," as they are to the con-
scientious and skilled physician. The
patients of both will recover. Therapy
is the inexact part of medicine.

We all know what preventive medi-
cine has done with cholera. The same
may be done with typhoid fever. The
15,000 persons who died of typhoid
fever in the United States during the
past year are a needless sacrifice, for
medicine has developed the knowledge
which, if applied, would make typhoid
fever an unknown disease. Medicine

261

-----^

has perfected the knowledge of this
disease and the means for its preven-
tion, and the people want the disease
stopped, but the representatives of the
people are busy with mergers and tar-
iffs and appropriations and jobs, while
the pale faces of those 15,000 dying of
a preventable disease are seen only by
the profession of medicine. When
some community is awakened by an aw-
ful epidemic, it arouses itself and local
measures are applied, always success-
fully, to prevent the disease, but what
is done for a village should be done
for the state and nation. This will be
done, — it should be done now — and
then typhoid will pass into history, a
conquered disease.

Give Facts About Alcohol.

The time has come when we should
take a positive stand on the question
of alcohol. We know the harm that
alcoholic beverages are inflicting upon
the people. The ravages of alcohol are
as well known as those of typhoid. We
know them so well that we scarcely
need to discuss them among ourselves.
We know how much weaker is the re-
sistance to disease on the part of the
man who has habitually taken alcohol.
We know the frightful mortality in
pneumonia and Bright's disease
among drinking men. We know the
frequency and dangers of delirium
tremens, occurring, as it often does, in
men who have drunk daily but never
in amounts to produce intoxication.
We know the difficulties experienced
by the drinking man when he requires
a surgical operation. It devolves upon
us to instruct the public as to the dan-
gers of alcohol, just as it does to in-
struct them concerning the dangers of
polluted water or bad milk. Alcohol
is not a food. It causes one-tenth of
the deaths in the United States, and
yet the people spend over $2,000,000,-
000 yearly for the poison. It devolves
upon us to give the facts to the pub-
lic. I am not a fanatic on the subject

262

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

of alcohol. The facts are bad enough
without the exaggerated statements so
often made by the uninformed temper-
ance advocate. The time is ripe for a
great and sane temperance movement,
conducted by our profession, telling
the public simply the truth about al-
cohol, disseminating knowledge of the
incontrovertible facts. The value of
such a movement to this country is
beyond the power of the most hopeful
to foresee.

Venebeal Diseases.

Our profession has signally failed
in its duty to the public in that we
have not given them the facts in re-
gard to venereal diseases. Of course
I do not mean that we should expose
individual cases — a thousand times
no! — but we should let the people
know that an authority says that in
the United States 65 per cent of adult
males have had gonorrhea; that in
this country 800,000 males reach ma-
turity annually, and of this number
500,000 become infected with gonor-
rhea. The public should know that,
of the 14,000,000 male adults under the
age of thirty in the United States, the
most reliable observers calculate that
8,000,000 have gonorrhea or its se-
quelae. Our women should know that
a man who has once had gonor-
rhea is a dangerous man to marry,
and that from 65 to 75 per cent of the
women who wed are accepting this dan-
ger. The public should know that
one-third of the deaths from apoplexy
are nothing but syphilitic affections.
They should know that locomotor
ataxia, Brlght's disease, paresis, many
other forms of insanity, and those un-
accountable moral lapses are fre-
quently venereal indications. The trail
of physical suffering which follows in
the wake of these diseases is insig-
nificant when compared with the men-
tal anguish, the broken hearts, ani

the saddened homes that mark their
path.

At the bottom of these troubles lies
the ignorance which it is incumbent
upon us to help to remove. Whenever
the public realizes that it pays, in dol-
lars and cents, to prevent disease, to
say nothing of the relief from suffer-
ing and sickness, they will cooperate
with us, and not till then.

In conclusion, I wish to repeat what
I said here a year ago. We are living
today in a time of transition, I might
say a time of crisis. While our poli-
ticians are fighting over the tariff, we, J
the medical profession, have issues of ^
paramount importance to solve. For
what is more important from every
point of view than the health and
racial integrity of a nation? Let us be
in the vanguard with Him who said, "I
am come that they might have life, and
that they might have it more abun-
dantly." Let us then realize the import-
of the task before us. Let us go for-
ward, harbingers of hope, pluck the
prematurely dead from the tomb,
strev/ flowers upon the path of the
living, and, in our unselfish service to
humanity, emblazon our names high
up among the immortals.

No Alternative

Doctor (to operetta Diva who wishes
to be vaccinated) — "Shall I vaccinate
your arm?"

Diva — "Heavens! No, of course not.
Think of me as an artist with a scar
on my arm! You must vaccinate me
where it won't show."

Doctor — "I think you had better
take it internally."

Keep your children away from other
children who are sick, at least until
you are sure that the sick child has
no contagious disease.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

263

THE PRACTICAL RURAL PRIVY

Why So-calied Sanitary Privies Are a Failure in the Country and a Partial

Remedy Proposed

Perhaps the biggest single sanitary
problem in North Carolina country
homes today is the satisfactory dis-
posal of human excrement. Ever since

Warren H. Booker, C.E.

soon become history, typhoid would
become rare, and we should still have
hundreds of last summer's babies with
us.

m,imiii=iiii=/imm=//mT>>^

(4 Pnvy to re^f upon e'^a
,,/j7 timber^ Top cf Timbers to be fhih
ETw w/^ surface of t^rcund

wnt about 8 inches
^ square in each end

for on

INIXP£N5IV£ RU2AL PS IVY

NoT^ dy bui/dinq the privy vvifhout
a bacf\ door^ and placing if oyer a
pit at o safe di3rance frv/n,and
in a direction not /ihe/y to po/tute
ffie t^e/i ttic resuttj are pnoct/co//y
as good OS in itie caye of more er-
pens/ve tvpes o/ priv/es, reguir.-nq
mucti attention Wtien the pt" f(/7s
oney^ one / j dtyo neariiy, ttje otd
one covered, and ftie pri^y moy^ct.
All venti tote screened & pit maaf Hy-tight.

PRIVY FOR RURAL USE

Built withcut a back door and over a pit. The screened ventilator under the seat had best be omitted
unless the odor becomes very objectionable.

hookworms were discovered there has
been much talk about sanitary priv-
ies, but from present indications the
last word has not yet been said. It
is a fact that with the general use of
almost any form of the so-called sani-
tary privies, hookworm disease would

Our present methods of caring for
human excrement range all the way
from elegant porcelain fixtures in tiled
bathrooms to bent-over saplings or no
privies at all, even at school houses.
We can not all afford porcelain equip-
ments, and even the richest among us

264

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

can not afford to take chances with
hookworms, typhoid and diarrheal dis-
eases.

Various types of so-called sanitary
privies have been advocated from
time to time. Most of them represent
sanitation gone mad and common
sense conspicuous by its absence.
Theoretically, they will all accomplish
the one end sought. We must admit,
nevertheless, that most of them have
been flat failures. Why? Primarily
because none of them were ever built.

OLD OPEN BACK PRIVY REMODELED.

By closing up the back and digging a pit under
the privy the fecal matter cannot be scattered or
exposed to flies or domestic animals. A good type
of rural privy.

And why were they never built? Be-
cause, in the first place, it usually
costs from $20 to $50 to build them;
and, in the second place, they require
daily or weekly, or at least frequent
attention. Either feature is too much
of an innovation for the rural dweller
who has no privy at all, or only his
customary bent sapling. We are fast
learning that with such people sani-
tary science must make a "horse
trade." With such people it is folly to
talk of $20 to $50 concrete arrange-

ments, or to tell them that they must
bury a can of fecal matter once or
twice a week, or add a bucketful of
water daily. In other words, we are
fast coming to the point where we
would be glad to dee a six-tenths or
eight-tenths eflicient privy to no privy
at all.

At the risk of making ourselves un-
popular with enthusiasts over high
grade sanitary privies, we venture to
describe briefly an inexpensive form
of privy for rural use which requires
the minimum of care and attention
and which costs but a few dollars to
build complete, or only a trifle for two
or three boards and a few nails if an
old open-back privy is remodeled.

The cut on the preceding page illus-
trates a form of privy which we be-
lieve will meet nearly all the require-
ments in rural districts where there is
sentiment for improvement along this
line. All that is necessary is to dig a
hole in the ground three or four feet
square and from four to six feet deep
and set the privy over this hole so that
flies can not have access to the fecal
matter. That is practically all there is
to it. Should this hole fill up in a year
or two, all that is necessary is to re-
move the privy, dig a new pit nearby,
place the privy over the new pit, and
cover the contents of the old pit with
the excavated earth. If the sides of
the pit cave in readily, they may be
walled up with loose stones, brick, or
boards, or one or two empty barrels
may be used.

One of the principal advantages of
such a form of privy is that almost
any old privy Tfith an open back can
readily be made over by weatherboard-
ing this opening down to the ground.
There is little danger from flies in the
case of such a privy, as flies will not
go down into the dark pit. There will
be some odors, but they are not dan-
gerous to health. Where odors are
objectionable, a trap door may be
placed over the hole in the seat, so the

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

265

door will fall down and cover the hole
whenever not in use. As such lids
are an arrangement not generally ap-
preciated by renters or careless indi-
viduals, they may usually be dis-
pensed with.

Where there is real objection to
odors, and where it is certain that ex-
traordinary care will be taken by ev-
ery one using the privy, a small vent
not over four to eight inches square

tion with such an arrangement is very
poor, because there are no hot ex-
panded gases present in the flue, as
in the case of a stove or fireplace, to
cause a draft.

In order to furnish light inside
the privy, to exclude flies, and, at the
same time, to protect the seat from
rain and snow, it is best to have the
little side openings near the top of the
privy covered with glass. The door

A type of privy all too common in rural districts. It should
be placed over a pit and boarded up tight in the rear.

may be cut in each end of the seat box
and carefully screened. As this will
admit light to the pit and induce flies
to enter, the trap lid covering the hole
in the seat should be kept in good
order. Unless there is a strong de-
mand for these two screened vents in
the seat box they should never be put
in. On account of their position, their
exposure to dampness and liability to
rust, they should be rescreened every
year. Vents on opposite ends of the
seat box give better ventilation and
cost less than a vent on one end and a
box or flue extended from the seat box
to the roof on the other. The ventila-

should be kept closed at all times by
means of a spring hinge.

Such a privy as this should be lo-
cated at least 200 feet from any well
or spring, and also, if possible, on
lower ground, or where the drainage
from such a privy is away from the
well or spring. Care should also be
taken to prevent surface water drain-
ing into the pit, as this may cause it
to cave in, and it also increases the
odors given off.

The chief objection to a privy of
this kind is on account of pollution of
the ground water, but we must bear
in mind that where such pollution has

266

THE HEALTH BUELETIX,

to pass 200 feet or more through the
ground to a well, there is less danger
than where it enters the well from the
top in any of the many ways familiar
to sanitarians.

Of course, such a privy is a rather
crude arrangement. Later experience
may indicate a better plan, but we
believe it is a great deal better
than the open-back privy. Open-back
privies give chickens and domestic
animals access to the filth deposited
on the surface of the ground, whence
it is frequently washed and scattered
far and wide, exposed alike to flies
and barefooted children. This is
where we get practically all our hook-
worm disease and a great part of our
typhoid, diarrheal diseases and sum-
mer complaint. Such conditions are
but little better than no privy at all.

Such privies could scarcely be re-
commended in towns, even in the thin-
ly populated outskirts of a town, v/here
the cost of Y/ater and sewers makes
such things out of the question. In
such cases we believe it is better to
collect the fecal matter in water tight
galvanized iron pails, to be removed
by the scavenger at regular intervals.
Such privies are described elsewhere
in this bulletin.

CHARLEY CALLOW

How the Law Taught Him Sanitation

He was well-dressed and looked
pas.?ably intelligent, and was smoking
a cigarette and spitting copiously upon
the rear platform of the car. The sign
read: "Spitting on the floor of this
car is unlawful. Two dollars fine."
The health officer touched him on the
shoulder and pointing to the pool of
spit said: "Don't you know spitting
on the fioor of cars is unlawful?" The
callow one indignantly said, "You're
a crank." The officer said, "You are
nasty and a law-breaker." The cigar-
ette sucker said, "'Tend to your own
business, you crank." Being reminded
of his business the ofiicer attended to
it. Before the judge Charley Callow
showed no indignation and never said
crank once. In the big record book
on the judge's pulpit was this entry:
"Charley Callow, for spitting on floor
of street car. Fine $2.00, costs $7.50;
total $9.50." Charley is now known
az "Charley the Spitless."

Moral: When Charley pays two dol-
lars for spitting, he just won't spit—
Indiana Health Bulletin.

A STUDY IN ADVERTISEMENTS

Collier's Weekly picked up the two following advertisements, which ap-
peared in the Newark (N. J.) Evening Neics four days apart. They make an
interesting comparison.

ALEXANDEK the Great
drank beer and conquered
the world before he was 32.
Perhaps he could have done it
sooner if he had not drunk beer,
but you'd better take no chances

PON

FEIGENSPAN

Alexander the Great drank beer and con-
quered the world before he was ^2. Perhaps
he could have done it sooner if he had not
drunk beer, but you'd better take no
chances.

(Brewery Advertisement in News
January 24th.)

ALEXANDER the Great died in a
drunken debauch at the age of 33.
You'd better take no chances.

Anti-Saloon League of New Jersey.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

267

CITY PRIVIES

A Practical Design for Sanitary Privies for Urban Use

Warrex H. Booker, C.E.

Elsewhere in this bulletin we dis-
cussed the question of privies in the
countrj'. The privy question in the
country is quite different from that in
towns. In the country, in many
places, there are no privies at all, and
those that are (or are not) affect, as

lar education must be depended upon
to encourage the best privy possible
under the circumstances. It is unrea-
sonable to expect regular, careful at-
tention to privies in rural districts,
while in cities regular scavengers can
be required to look after such things.

HOOKWORM .A.LLEY.

What an elegant chance for chickens, children, flies, and domestic animals to spread infection from
these old open-back privies. Such communities are almost sure to have high death rates.

a rule, only one family. In cities there
is always some form of privy a ail-
able where water and sewer connec-
tions are not to be had, and, in gen-
eral, flies and drainage from insani-
tary city privies affect the community
rather than the single family. Again,
in cities, ordinances can be passed re-
quiring certain standards for privies.
Not so in the country. There, popu-

Of course, where water and sewer
connections are available, no privies
of any kind should be tolerated. Even
the best privy is a poor substitute for
sewers. We must admit at the outset,
however, the stern fact that in small
towns and in the suburbs and outskirts
of cities it is even more impracticable
to think of serving every householder
with water and sewer connections

268

THE HEALTH Bl'LLETIX,

than to expect them to install the $20
to $50 sanitary privy arrangements
we used to recommend. In view of
satisfactory experience in the suburbs
of cities and towns and in cotton
mill communities, where water and
sewer connections were out of the
question, we know of no better form
of privy than the one here shown. In

should have a lid, and it may be pro-
vided with screened ventilators at
both ends. It should be part of the
scavenger's duty to see that the seat
box is always kept fly-tight. There
should he no back door to the privy.
It is too small a house for two doors,
and, besides, this back door increases
the danger from flies a hundred fold.

NORTH CAROLINA

STATE BOARD OF HEALTH

STANDARD SANITARV PPIVY

Interior Perspecfiv

Dioqonal, screened
verttJofoi^s G

-^ Ran

SANITARY PRIVY

The fecal matter is collected in cans and remolded

Sanitary privies must be flyproof and water

such cases regular scavenger service
should be employed, and sufficient uni-
formity required so that a standard
interchangeable set of cans owned by
the city can be used.

The essential feature of this form
of sanitary privy for cities is that, in-
stead of depositing the fecal matter
in a fly-proof pit under the privy, as
in the case of rural privies, it is de-
posited in cans inside the seat box and
removed at regular intervals. The
seat box should be made fly-tight. It

FOR CITY USE.

throu jh the front door at least once a week.

tight. Note the absence of back doors.

When back doors are used, they are
nearly always left open, or they be-
come broken or are knocked off alto-
gether. Without back doors, privies
can be placed close up against back
fences or against other buildings, and,
furthermore, the scavenger can not re-
move the can while the privy is in use.
Some towns require a special box
form of ventilator at one end of the
seat, extending up through the roof,
and a screened opening at the other,
but these are a little more expensive

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

269

and harder to build, and, as a matter
of fact, they do not ventilate as well as
screened openings at both ends of the

OLD OPEN-BACK PRIVIES CLOSED UP.

These privies are now provided with pails which
are removed trom the front anil the backs are
weatherboarded up fly tight. They illustrate an
easy way of remodeling existing privies.

seat box. There is no draft in these
chimneys, because there is no stove or
fireplace to furnish hot smoke and ex-
panded air.

Remodeling Old Privies.

To make a sanitary privy out of an
old open-back privy, all that is neces-
sary is to make the back of the privy
fly-tight by weatherboarding it, put in
a floor or fill up under the privy with
earth until a heavy galvanized iron
can at least fourteen inches high and
fourteen inches in diameter can b3
placed close up under the seat, and
then fasten the seat top by means of
hinges so that it may be raised like a
lid and the cans removed and replaced
from the front. Such alterations usu-
ally cost from about fifty cents to two
or three dollars per privy.

An effort should be made to have
the entire privy made as nearly fly-
proof as possible. Besides taking the

precaution of having a trap door over
the hole in the seat, the openings in
the sides of the privy near the top
should be covered with glass, and the
door should be kept closed at all times
by means of a spring hinge. In the
accompanying cut are shown several
old open-back insanitary privies which
have been remodeled and made sani-
tary at very little expense. The chim-
neys on these might well have been
omitted, but the cut illustrates the
method of excluding flies and animals
from the fecal matter.

Sanitary privies in cities contem-
plate regular scavenger service. The
best plan is to have a scavenger with
a platform spring wagon make regular
weekly collections, replacing the filled
or partly filled cans with empty cans.
Such a method is shown in the cut on
the next page. The cans taken
from the privies are hauled to a sewer
opening or specially constructed man-
hole, which in this case was made in
a corner of the brick building just be-
yond the wagon. This opening into
the sewer is shown in the small cut be-
low, together with the small hand hose
used in washing out the cans. By

Sewer opening into which cans are emptied. By
moans of small hand-hose cans are rinsed out clean.

using water tiglit cans the fecal mat-
ter and urine is always in liquid form
and easily emptied from the cans. By
means of the small hand hose tlie can
can be easily rinsed out, and, if de-

270

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

sired, two or three pints of water and
a small quantity of kerosene oil
(about a half teacupful) may be
poured into each can before the cans
are replaced. The scum of oil floating
on the liquid has a tendency to prevent
much of the odor, although there is
very little real damage done by odors.
The use of chemicals, disinfectants,
germicides, and all that expensive

high if the cans are placed on the floor
turers of heavy galvanized iron cans
for use in privies. We have corre-
sponded with several companies mak-
ing such cans, and find that standard
26 gauge galvanized iron cans, 14
inches high by 14 inches in diameter,
cost, without lids, about 50 cents
apiece in hundred lots. Cans much
•larger than 14 by 14 raise the seat too

Scavenger wagon with load of privy cans. These

building

and more or less vile smelling family
of deodorants is usually just so much
money thrown away. In the first place,
they rarely ever kill all the germs; in
the second place, if the privy is made
fly-tight, there will be little need for
disinfection if such were practicable;
and, in the third place, there is prac-
tically no harm in the odors them-
selves. Furthermore, such chemicals
cost a great deal of money that indi-
viduals, as well as cities, might use
to miich better advantage for health
purposes in other ways.

This office is frequently in receipt of
requests for the names of manufac-

cans are emptied into a sewer opening inside the
opposite.

of the privy. Furthermore, large cans
are more expensive, harder to handle,
and not necessary to hold the excreta
from even a large family for a week
Nothing lighter can 26 gauge should
be used, while 24 gauge will be found
much more serviceable and perhaps
cheaper in the long run. These cans
can usually be secured through local
hardware dealers, or from the Wheel-
ing Corrugating Company, Chatta-
nooga, Tenn., the American Can Com-
pany, Atlanta, Ga., or from the Na-
tional Enameling & Stamping Com-
pany, Baltimore, Md. We mention
these three companies as thus far they

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

271

"have quoted the best prices on such
cans. If other companies care to quote
prices on cans, or be mentioned in this
connection in correspondence and in
the Health Bulletin hereafter, we
should be glad to hear from them.

A GOOD FORM OF PRIVY CAN.

These cans should b'- 14 inches high
by 14 inches across. The lid should fit
down into the can U to 2 inches.
Such cans m-ide of 26 gauge galvan-
ized iron without lids, cost about
50 cents each in hundred lots.

Authorities of cities and towns con-
templating installing sanitary privies
should also write the State Board of
Health for their special bulletin on
the sanitary privy, which contains
suggested ordinances requiring the use
of sewers where water and sewer con-
nections are possible, and also the use
of sanitary privies where such connec-
tions are not possible.

Good Eyes Pay

A San Francisco school teacher ha 1
as one of her pupils a boy that was
both stupid and incorrigible. H3
played hookey, lied like a trooper and
resisted all efforts to give him instruc-
tion of any kind. Finally the teacher
noticed that the boy's eyes were bad,
and sent a note to his parents to have
them attended to. No attention was
paid to the teacher's request and the
boy grew more and more refractory
and unmanageable. Finally the teacher
took him to an oculist and had his

eyes fitted with proper glasses. Th^
transformation in the boy's manner
and habits was little short of marvel-
ous. He seemed for the first time to
b3 able to see things right. He soon
became one of the brightest and best
pupils in the school, standing at the
head of all his classes. It was found
that because of defective vision it had
been next to impossible for him to see
print at all, and that his ludicrous at-
tempts to answer questions in his reci-
tations excited the laughter and ridi-
cule of his classmates, with the nat-
ural result that he hated school and
everything connected with it. But
when his vision was restored he be-
came a changed boy, voluntarily giv-
ing up bad habits and soon winning
the reputation of being one of the most
studious and best behaved boys in the
school— and one pair of glasses saved
the boy.

Stand Up Straight and Avoid
Tuberculosis

The first .essential in the avoidance
of tuberculosis of the lungs, or con-
sumption, is to keep the lungs strong,
so that if the germs are breathed they
can do no harm. One of the most
important things in keeping the
lungs strong is to keep the chest wide
open so that the lungs can be prop-
erly used. If the body is drooped or
stoops, or if the shoulders are allowed
to drag forward (round shoulders), or
if the head is carried forward instead
of well back over the shoulders, the
chest must be flattened, the breathing
must be shallow, and the lungs,
not being freely used, become weak.
It is in this type of chest that tuber-
culosis usually begins. The consump-
tive is usually narrow-chested, with
drooped shoulders and with the head
craned forward. "While the develop-
ment of a strong, well-formed chest is
one of the most important factors in
preventing tuberculosis, the same

272

THE HEALTH BULLETIiN^,

thing is to be desired if the disease has
once started. Not only should we live
in the open, but we should stand up
straight and learn to "throw a big
chest," so that the lungs can grow
strong and the fresh air be taken in.
The runner, the singer, or any one
who is obliged to make sustained effort
is taught to stand and sit with chest
high so that the lungs can be used to
the best advantage, and if every one
would do the same thing there would
be less tuberculosis because ther^
would be fewer weak lungs.

Insist on Wrapped Bread

If you buy baker's bread, make a
kick if they don't give you breal
already wrapped at the bakery. It
costs less to wrap it in wholesale fash-
ion at the bakery while it is fresh than
it does for each grocer to hunt up a
string and piece of paper every time
he sells a loaf. Furthermore, wrapped
bread does not have an opportunity t)
dry out and become stale nearly so
rapidly as unwrapped bread. The
chief reason, however, for having
bread wrapped at the bakery is to
avoid the contact with dust, dirt, flies,
dirty hands, dirty baskets, and so on.

People buy bread because it is a
wholesome, nutritious, easily digested,
economical food. They are willing to
use bread made outside their own
kitchens when they are satisfied that
the process of making it is carried on
under conditions about as good as
those prevailing in their own kitch-
ens under their own eyes. The cord-
wood way of distributing bread —
stacked up in a fly-abounding sales-
room, stacked up in an open wagon
stacked up on the arm of a delivery
boy, stacked upon the floor of the back-
porch until some one finds it and
takes it in — prevents many a woman
from buying bakery bread, and it
should prevent more from doing so.

Recently bacterial examinations
were made in Chicago of wrapped and

unwrapped bread. Of the unwrapped
bread it was found that at least 39 per
cent of the loaves had an average of
14,000 bacteria on them. Such loaves
were classed as "dirty." Nearly 39
per cent more of the loaves examined
showed an average of at least 4.000
bacteria and were classed as "fair";
while but 27 per cent of the loaves
could be called clean, with an average
of 2,500 bacteria.

Of the wrapped bread, 45 per cent
was found to average only 848 bac-
teria, and 55 per cent averaged only
371 bacteria. In other words, accord-
ing to the bacteria found, unwrapped
bread has from seven to twenty times
as much dirt and filth on it as wrapped
bread.

Not Even Advertising

Printers' ink is the life and soul of
patent medicine and other frauds.
When once the newspapers and maga-
zines stop advertising these fakes
about four-fifths of the danger to the
public will be removed.

Vv'^e are just in receipt of a very sig-
nificant letter as regards the effective
way in which one fraud was success-
fully prevented from advertising;
namely, by showing it up to be so rot-
ten that papers and magazines did
not dare to advertise it. The follow-
ing letter is very brief and to the
point:

State Board of Health, Raleigh, N. C:
Gentlemen: — You certainly did put
the quietus on the Oxypathor fraud T
have not seen their advertisement in
any paper since your exposure in the
Bulletin — and I hope our church pa-
pers at least have been put to think-
ing. Fine work. Keep it up.
Yours truly,

THE HEALTH BULLETi:^.

273

Hogs in Towns

Two Meetings that May Interest
You

Foul, fly-breeding hog pens within
corporate limits of cities and towns
are getting out of date. The folks
simply will not stand for them any
longer, and they are right. They are
not going to stand for flies bred in
horse stables much longer, and when it
comes to pig-sty flies, why we simply
draw the line at that. It will net be
long before every North Carolina town
that is on the map at all will not only
have no hog pens at all, but it will
have some other strict anti-fly rules
and regulations.

The Clayton News hits the nail right
square on the head when it takes the
following stand:

"Now that spring has opened and
warm weather is soon to appear, would
it not be well to investigate the old
'hog pen question' in Clayton? Can
we afford, for the value of a few fat
pigs next fall, to risk chances on hav-
ing one case of typhoid fever in our
otherwise healthy town? We think
not. And, besides, ground is too valu-
able to be used for raising hogs. Let's
leave that for our farmer friends, who
have plenty of room and are better
situated for this kind of business.
The cost of one case of typhoid fever in
money would amount to far more than
the profit on all the hogs that will be
fattened in Clayton this year. Let's
not have them this year. They are
not worth the trouble and worry." —
Clayton News.

Of course, we do not mean that hog
pens cause typhoid fever directly, but
we do mean that they breed vile odors
and flies, and the latter carry not
only typhoid from the sick to the well,
but also diarrheal diseases (summer
complaint) among babies, and many
other diseases.

You would not think of having tiny
bits of manure and worse filth lying
around in your house and on your
table, yet you have flies, and think
where they come from and what may
be on their feet.

Many of our readers will be interest-
ed in the two meetings to be held in
Memphis, Tenn., from May 6th to 15th.
The Southern Sociological Congress
meets from May 6th to 10th, while the
National Conference of Charities and
Corrections will hold their meeting
from May 8th to 15th. These two
great meetings of social workers have
purposely been arranged to overlap.
Different phases of social work will
be taken up by the different sessions
during the three days in which the
two organizations are meeting at the
same time, so that little or no conflict
or confusion will result to those in-
terested in different lines of social
work.

These two organizations, national
and sectional in character, cover in a
broader way what our own State Con-
ference for Social Service covers in
North Carolina. Some of the matters
discussed will be public health, child
welfare, defectives, community deve-
lopment, public charities, prison re-
form, and other similar questions.
For full information and programs,
those interested should write to The
National Conference of Charities and
Corrections, 315 Plymouth Court, Chi-
cago, 111., and to The Southern Socio-
logical Congress, Nashville, Tenn.

Cough and sneeze on the Q. T. Get
behind a handkerchief when you do
it. The other fellow doesn't want your
germs coughed out and sneezed at
him, any more than you want his. •

Now, let us keep the city clean.
Let's keep the swatter nigh,

Be ever alert for filth and dirt.
And swat the nasty fly.

274

THE HEALTH BL'LLETIN.

WHERE IGNORANCE IS DEATH

By Alice Mayor Edwabds, Monrovia, Cal.

He was not the kind of a man to
figure in romance; only a plain middle-
aged machinist who had done his day's
work since he could remember with
hearty thankfulness that there was
work to do. Plenty to eat of a sort,
school books for the kiddie, and the
rent paid every month. He and the
woman had managed that.

One day he began to cough. The
atmosphere was heavy in the shop.
With close moist air, fatigue, and the
shock of draught upon unprotected
shoulders — yes, one easily caught cold
and, having once caught it, too easily
kept it. So he coughed, all winter, all
spring, and — it had never hung on
quite so long before — all summer and
all winter again.

Then he noticed that he was not
working with his old vigor. Coughing
tired him. It was becoming too much
trouble to eat after a day's work. He
would come home at night, fling him-
self upon the couch and fall into a
numbing sort of slumber, only to be
wakened by the cough which shook
him more harshly at each paroxysm.
Still, a man does not go to a doctor
when a call means two days' wages,
or a lay off from the chief business of
life. Instead, he coughs on. For four
years John Jones coughed on, lost
flesh, and worked without ambition
and with ever-increasing weariness.
Then the drop came.

The physician looked at him sharply.
He was panting and trembling with
the fatigue of a few stairs' climb. The
physician knew what the short breath,
the feverish lips, the abnormally
bright eye and that incessant cough
meant. He was not a brute. He was
only a busy and harassed man whose
hours for eating and sleeping had been

reduced to improper fractions by the
demands of just this sort of thing.
There was the formal examination, of
course, the weary man's bewilderment
growing with each new test, then —

"Consumption, man!"

The doctor did not hesitate to use
the old-fashioned term for the disease
now known under a more euphonious
title.

"Quit work at once. Go down to
Arizona and live in the open air —
your only chance. People get well
there."

And he bowed the stricken man out
of the door with a throb of pity for the
twitching lips and anguished eyes.

John Jones was not the kind of a
man who thinks or acts quickly. It
had 'become easier to do things slowly
in the past few years. And he was
tired now — very tired. He found it
hard to board the car at the corner.
He scarcely noticed when the con-
ductor called his street and roughly
urged him to hurry as he hesitated
with a foot on the running board.

Consumption! That was what the
doctor had said of Brown who had
worked next to him for years, and who
died there in the shop of sudden
hemorrhage one day only a few
months since.

Quit work! Why, he'd worked every
day, always — Sundays, too, most of the
time — a full, clean day's work. A man
might be tired; he might cough; but
he must work and work hard when
there were Mary and the growing kid.
Quit v/ork! Who paid the bills when
a man quit work?

Arizona — where was that? He had
heard of it remotely, as he had heard
of Patagonia or Siberia or the Klon-

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

275

dike. He must go, of course, if the
doctor said, for the doctor knew. Peo-
ple got well there, and he must get
well. The fight was hard enough when
a man was strong. How did one get to
Arizona? How —

He ran across Casey here. Casey be-
longed to the bunch that met some-
times for a glass and a smoke and a
social game together at "Mike's" — only
once in a while, though. Casey was
fat and red of face and had all the in-
solence of health.

"Hard luck, old man!" His hearty
slap upon the thin shoulders made his
companion wince, but Casey did not
see that. "Got to go, have you? We'll
see if the bunch can help a little. Don't
get fussy." And terrified at the sight
of any sort of human emotion, and
even more embarrassed at a display of
human gratitude, Casey was off.

The "bunch" had helped; the boss
and the boys at the shop had helped.
They had been glad to give but they
had not much to spare; and it was no
small source of pride to them when
they had collected just exactly seventy-
five dollars.

Mary could sew enough afterwards,
she said; he was not to worry.

And now he was in the day coach
for his four day trip, his lunch in a big
basket beside him. One could not af-
ford a sleeper when tickets cost so
much.

Who would believe that it would cost
so much! He had not known before
how desperately weary he was. It was
hard to breathe with the motion of the
train which shook the piteously thin
shoulders. The coal dust made one
cough more raspingly. too. To eat was
an effort — why eat, when a man v/as so
tired?

Hunched into a corner of the seat he
sat, a pitiful, broken-chested, shivering
creature, hot fever touching his cheeks
with livid color. He had tried to eat
one of the sausage sandwiches which
Mary had so carefully packed in with

the cheese and doughnuts. A few
soiled handkerchiefs and cloths lay
about the floor and in the rough plush
seat, laden with death-dealing mucus
for the next occupant. John Jones was
not an uncleanly man. But when one
coughed so hard and so long, it was
not always easy to be careful. The
porter would not bother. John learned
that when he called to him one morn-
ing, dizzy with that dreadful nausea
from the car motion. "The company
didn't have anything to do with 'lung-
ers,' there ought to be a law to pre-
vent their riding at all."

If only he dared ask for a drink
now. But perhaps he could reach the
cup himself there under the water
cooler. It M^as hard to move, harder
still to stagger up the lurching aisle.
But the water which he drank in gulps
of thirsty gratitude from the common
cup was most refreshing. Of germs he
had not heard. Of infection he did not
dream. The doctor had not said.

He pulled himself back to the seat
and settled down again into his corner,
shaking and spent with the effort.

It was there that I found him as I
was passing through from the Pullman.
There was little to do, but he seemed
grateful that anyone should have the
inclination to chat with him. It was
lonesome, he said, and he was tired.
He talked of Mary and the kiddie and
of some of the things he hoped to do
for them when he was well — in Ari-
zona, he would get some light job
right away, then Mary need not work
so hard. He would be rested after he
got off the train. People always got
well there.

His hungry look as we passed the
depot lunch house at a little way sta-
tion sent me out to get a cup of coffee
for him. I came back to find a hushed
compartment, a Negro porter gray
with superstitious terror plucking at
a shriveled inert heap where John
Jones had lately sat.

276

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

And at home Mary was sitting half-
heartedly picking at a bit of unfinished
sewing, waiting to hear of a safe ar-
rival. Loneliness had grown less en-
durable with fvery hour. Anxiety had
made the days a dragging suspense,
the nights a prolonged terror. It had
been hard to let him go. But the doc-
tor had said —

V/hat was it the doctor had said?

The doctor had said just enough to
send a man with the sentence of im-
mediate death upon him a torturing
journey of two thousand miles away
from such friends and comforts as he
possessed. He had gone with no
knowledge of the disease he was com-
bating, no resources for caring for
himself in a strange country, no
thought of the precautions necessary
for public safety.

Three sufferers from the effects of
John Jones' wretched and ill-advised
journey — John, Mary, the public. But
how are John and Mary and the public
to know better? — The Survey, January
10, 1914.

Our Respects to the Fly

It is said that the fly serves no good
purpose. It is a mistake; he per-
forms two very good services. He
teaches the teachable to clean up and
keep clean, and he kills off the others.
That is, he assiduously works to cause
a survival of the fittest.

Let us give the , that is, the

fly, his due. While we give him credit
for this much good, let us be among
the teachable.

Let us see that nothing around our
premises breeds flies. Let us shun the
presence of flies in the house as we
would shun poison. Let us screen ef-
fectually our doors and windows, so as
to avoid stray flies, and let us kill
every fly that gets inside the sacred
inclosure.

It is wiser to do this than it is to
call the flies unkind names while they

swarm around our dining table. It
takes a little more trouble, but it is
more pleasant, and it is safer. Espe-
cially if there is a baby in the family
the fly is dangerous. Funerals are ex-
pensive, and then we would miss baby.

The fly is an undesirable guest. He
contaminates every particle of food he
crawls over. He comes fresh from the
privy, or the manure pile, or the de-
caying heap, where he takes his first
feed. Then he takes his dessert from
the food you are to eat, and he does
it without first wiping his feet. If
you could see with a microscope what
he leaves, it would make you turn
pale, and you would make more ener-
getic efforts to keep him out of the
house, and if possible you would stop
his breeding.

While you honor the fly for killing
off the unfit, see to it that he does not
get you into the wrong class. — Life
and Health.

The Trademark of Ignorance

"I don't blame my mother, because
doubtless she thought she was protect-
ing me when she would not have me
vaccinated. Many a time I have heard
her say that virus was filthy and
would give me scrofula. I knew no
better and grew up to manhood un-
vaccinated. While I was on the road,
ten years ago, I stopped over night in
a town where there was an epidemic
of so-called 'chickenpox,' very mild,
they said, and harmless. I went home
and in two weeks developed smallpox
in its virulent form. For three weeks
I suffered the tortures of perdition,
and when I was well again my face
was fearfully pitted, as you see. The
scars are bad enough, heaven knows,
for they disfigure me for life, but I
hate them still more for another rea-
son. Why? Because they brand me
for life with the trademark of igno-
rance and useless suffering." — Virginia
Health Almanac.

THE HEALTH BULLETIN.

277

Blame It on the Liver

Cheerfulness and a sluggish liver
can't exist together in the same man.
Although it might not perhaps be cor-
rect to say that the morbid states of
mind have their origin in the liver,
they are unquestionably, in many in-
stances, accompanied and aggravated
by derangement of this organ; and it
is equally true that, independently of
either hypochondriasis or melancholia,
persons with "sluggish liver" are sub-
ject to fits of great depression of spirits
and often groundless fears of impend-
ing danger which cease when the liver
is restored to its normal state.

Irritability of temper is another com-
mon symptom of a sluggish liver, and
is sometimes the first indication of
anything wrong. A man who has pre-
viously borne the crosses of life with
equanimity and been amiable to those
about him, gradually becomes discon-
certed by trifles; his mind broods over
them, and he makes all around him
unhappy, and himself the most miser-
able of all.

His relatives frequently put down his
"grouch" to something mentally or
morally wrong; but in nine cases out
of ten it is to be traced to a sluggish
liver. To overcome the difficulty, stop
eating for a day or two, take exercise
(horseback riding is the best) and if
necessary a few doses of a good saline
laxative.

If you are not cheerful in a few days
consult your family physician. — Ex-
change.

Learn and Live

Lack of information is responsible
for no end of the burdens humanity
is called upon to bear. Infinitely more
dangerous than a want of information,
however, is the possession of a great
fund of misinformation. Ignorance
keeps people from doing what ought
to be done. False information leads

people to do what ought to be left
undone.

One of the great forces which keeps
contagious diseases with us is the
false notion that "children are better
off to catch the various contagious
diseases of childhood, and have them
over with." There are people who,
with the best intentions in the world,
still willfully expose their children to
contagious diseases. These people are,
in large measure, responsible for keep-
ing germ diseases alive. Disease
germs are parasites which feed upon
human blood and tissue. A few years
starvation would drive them out of ex-
istence.

So long as there is a neighbor who
cultivates thistles, dandelions, etc., in
his fields or lawn, it is well nigh im-
possible for the careful, industrious
neighbor to secure the freedom he pays
for by his own care. Parents have a
right to insist that their children be
not contaminated by a careless neigh-
bor's children. — Collier's.

The windowless room is a curse to
civilization and should not be occu-
pied by either man or beast.

Through domestic science courses in
public schools, we are laying the foun-
dation for healthier people in the fu-
ture— healthier because they will have
learned how and what to eat.

Some people object to change and re-
form as a matter of principle. That
is why so many school pupils are still
forced to use the old roller towel and
bar soap instead of the individual
paper towel and clean liquid soap.

There are but three animals that
habitually use tobacco — the rock-goat
of Africa, whose stench is so insuffer-
able that no other animal can approach
it; the tobacco worm, whose intolera-
ble visage gives every beholder a shud-
der; and the third animal — who is
he?

278

THE HEALTH BULLETIW.

TWO MILK ROUTES. WHICH FOR YOU?

DIRTY MILK CLEAN

/WSi£iL iAC£ f'ioMCATWfii oef^QfCkLMhap/r/G los £itrzi.**st/t.r'

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